中考定語從句

1、中考定語從句第1頁，共66頁，2022年，5月20日，5點10分，星期日考點揭密 在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞、代詞，并由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句稱為定語從句。定語從句所修飾的詞(詞組成句子)稱為先行詞，初中教材著重介紹了關(guān)系代詞that,which,who所引導(dǎo)的定語從句。 第2頁，共66頁，2022年，5月20日，5點10分，星期日中考考點設(shè)置1.定語從句為新教材著重要求掌握的內(nèi)容，從2003年考題來看，全國均未作為重點考查項目，但定語從句的學(xué)習(xí)在閱讀理解內(nèi)容中出現(xiàn)頻率較多。2.著重掌握引導(dǎo)詞的選用，特別是一定的特定境況下只能用that,不能用which的情況： 第3頁，共66頁，2022年，5

2、月20日，5點10分，星期日Li Ming is a boy.Li Ming is a good boy .Li Ming is a good boy .形容詞作定語介詞短語作定語在復(fù)合句中，修飾一個名詞或代詞的從句作定語叫做定語從句。goodwith glasseswho is wearing glasses句子作定語第4頁，共66頁，2022年，5月20日，5點10分，星期日 定語可以由形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、分詞、不定式、介詞短語等來擔(dān)任，修飾名詞。(以分詞、介詞短語為例） 例： The girl behind the tree is Kate. The man driving too

3、 fast was drunk. 定語從句在英語中，修飾名詞或代詞的句子叫定語從句。 例：The girl who is behind the tree is Kate. The man who was driving too fast was drunk.第5頁，共66頁，2022年，5月20日，5點10分，星期日關(guān)系代詞如何引導(dǎo)定語從句普通代詞與關(guān)系代詞的區(qū)別I have a sister.She works in Shanghai. 代替 sister普通代詞：只起代替的作用（如上例she)I have a sister who/that works in Shanghai.關(guān)系代詞：

4、（如上例who/which） 1.代替先行詞; 2.它還在定語從句中擔(dān)任一定的成分; 3. 同時連接先行詞與它引導(dǎo)的定語從句。 （把主句和從句連起來）第6頁，共66頁，2022年，5月20日，5點10分，星期日 The building is our school. The building stands by the river. 關(guān)系代詞的使用取決于先行詞，它們的關(guān)系非常密切，因為關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中代替主句中的先行詞，所以它在一般情況下都跟在先行詞之后，而且它的 人稱、數(shù)必須和先行詞一致。The building which/that stands by the river is our

5、 school. 先行詞 關(guān)系詞 定語從句which/that 是關(guān)系代詞，它在從句中代替先行詞the building, 同時擔(dān)任從句中的主語，也起連詞的作用，把兩個簡單句連接 起來。第7頁，共66頁，2022年，5月20日，5點10分，星期日 關(guān)系詞判 斷 步 驟 : 首先，要看先行詞。 如果先行詞是指人,關(guān)系代詞 可用 who,that,whom,whose。如果先行詞指物,關(guān)系 代詞可用which或that; 然后，要確定關(guān)系詞在從句中的成分。請看下表第8頁，共66頁，2022年，5月20日，5點10分，星期日指代所做成分是否可省略that人；物主語；賓語作賓語可省which物主語；賓

6、語作賓語可省who人主語；賓語作賓語可省whom人賓語可省whose人；物定語不可省關(guān)系代詞的用法第9頁，共66頁，2022年，5月20日，5點10分，星期日 最后，定語從句謂語動詞和先行詞一致. 注:定語從句的時態(tài)不受主句的限制。 The woman who/that spoke at the meeting yesterday is my mother. (主句)The woman is my mother.(敘述客觀事實 用一般現(xiàn)在時) (從句)The woman (who/that) spoke at the meeting yesterday. (句中yesterday表示過去時間)

7、第10頁，共66頁，2022年，5月20日，5點10分，星期日第11頁，共66頁，2022年，5月20日，5點10分，星期日the tallthe strong the cleverboyThe boy is Tom.The boy who is tall is Tom.The boy who is strong is TomThe boy who is clever is Tom第12頁，共66頁，2022年，5月20日，5點10分，星期日 The boy is Tom. The boy is smiling. The boy is Tom. The boy has a round face

8、. The boy who is smiling is Tom. (主語)The boy who has a round face is Tom. The boy is Tom. He sits in front of me.The boy who sits in front of me is Tom. 第13頁，共66頁，2022年，5月20日，5點10分，星期日關(guān)系代詞who, that作主語1. Your friend came to see you yesterday.2. Your friend studies in Beijing University. Your friend w

9、ho/that studies in Beijing University came to see you yesterday.第14頁，共66頁，2022年，5月20日，5點10分，星期日關(guān)系代詞whom, that 作賓語1. He is the man.2.You have been waiting for the man. He is the man (whom/that) you have been waiting for.第15頁，共66頁，2022年，5月20日，5點10分，星期日關(guān)系代詞 which, that 作主語1. It sounded like a train.2.

10、A train was going under my house. It sounded like a train which/ that was going under my house.第16頁，共66頁，2022年，5月20日，5點10分，星期日關(guān)系代詞which/ that 作賓語1. The earth is a big ball.2. We live on the earth. The earth (which/ that) we live on is a big ball.第17頁，共66頁，2022年，5月20日，5點10分，星期日關(guān)系代詞 1.who指人,作主語或賓語(作賓語

11、可省略）The man( who) I talked with is our teacher.A person who steals things is called a thief.2.whom指人,作賓語 (作賓語可省略,如 介詞提前則不能省) The man (whom/who) I talked to is Mr. Li.The man to whom I talked is Mr. Li.第18頁，共66頁，2022年，5月20日，5點10分，星期日 The man is kind. Everyone likes him. The man (who) everyone likes i

12、s kind. (賓語) The woman got the job. We saw her on the street.The woman (whom) we saw on the street got the job. The teacher will give us a talk. We met the teacher yesterday. The teacher (whom) we met yesterday will give us a talk.第19頁，共66頁，2022年，5月20日，5點10分，星期日4.which 指物，作主語或賓語 (作賓 語可省略,如介詞提前則不能省)

13、These are the trees which were planted last year.The TV set (which) he bought yesterday is made in Japan. Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?Is this the library from which you borrow books?第20頁，共66頁，2022年，5月20日，5點10分，星期日applethe redthe greenthe smallthe bigThe apple which is red is mi

14、ne.The apple which is green is yours.The apple which is red is smallThe apple which is green is big.第21頁，共66頁，2022年，5月20日，5點10分，星期日1)This is the hero( whom) we are proud of. This is the hero of whom we are proud . This is the hero(that) we are proud of .2)The room (that) I live in is very big. The r

15、oom (which) I live in is very big. The room in which I live is very big. The room where I live is very big.注意: 固定動介詞組不可分割,介詞不能提前.例如:look after,look at 關(guān)系代詞與介詞: 介詞放在關(guān)系代詞的前面時,介詞賓語只能用which代物, 用whom代人。(介詞在末尾時,關(guān)系詞可以省略)第22頁，共66頁，2022年，5月20日，5點10分，星期日關(guān)系代詞 3.whose 是代詞的所有格形式, 它既可以代人也可以代物。 Please show me the

16、book . Its cover is red. Please show me the book whose cover is red.I saw a woman . Her bag was stolen .I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.第23頁，共66頁，2022年，5月20日，5點10分，星期日關(guān)系代詞whose 作定語1. Do you know the man?2. The mans watch is missing. Do you know the man whose watch is missing?第24頁，共66頁，2022年，5月20日

17、，5點10分，星期日它還可以同of which互換whose+n.= the n. +of which1. Please pass me the book.2. The books cover is green. Please pass me the book the cover of which is green. Please pass me the book whose cover is green第25頁，共66頁，2022年，5月20日，5點10分，星期日1. Yesterday I met Mr Li_ told me the whole matter.2. This is the

18、 man_ daughter is in my class.3. The book _ they sent me is very good.練一練who/that(which/that)whose第26頁，共66頁，2022年，5月20日，5點10分，星期日 關(guān)系副詞 關(guān)系副詞是用來引導(dǎo)定語從句的，它和關(guān)系代詞一樣,在從句中代替先行詞,在句中作狀語。 where:在從句中作地點狀語,指代地點. when: 在從句中作時間狀語,指代時間。1.The hotel wasnt clean. + We stayed at the hotel.The hotel where we stayed wasn

19、t clean.The hotel at which we stayed wasnt clean.The hotel (which) we stayed at wasnt clean.第27頁，共66頁，2022年，5月20日，5點10分，星期日2.Ill never forget the day. I joined the League on that day. Ill never forget the day when I joined the League. Ill never forget the day on which I joined the League .第28頁，共66頁，

20、2022年，5月20日，5點10分，星期日 但要注意在以下6種情況下,指物時用that 不用which, who第29頁，共66頁，2022年，5月20日，5點10分，星期日1.先行詞是all, any, everything, anything, nothing ,something, much, little, few, none ,the one 等時 There is much that should be used.第30頁，共66頁，2022年，5月20日，5點10分，星期日2.先行詞被all, any , no, only, little, much, very, every,

21、some, few, none 等修飾時 I have read all the books (that) you gave me. Every dictionary that our library bought is good.第31頁，共66頁，2022年，5月20日，5點10分，星期日練一練1. You may take anything useful _ you want.2. This is the very book_ I m looking for.3. This is the only thing _ we can do.4. We should do all _is use

22、ful to the people.thatthatthatthat第32頁，共66頁，2022年，5月20日，5點10分，星期日3. 當(dāng)先行詞前有形容詞的最高級修飾時 This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.第33頁，共66頁，2022年，5月20日，5點10分，星期日4. 先行詞前有序數(shù)詞修飾時,包括 the last. The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten. The Great Wall is the last place that Mr. S

23、mith is going to visit before he leaves Beijing.第34頁，共66頁，2022年，5月20日，5點10分，星期日 5. 在以 which, who作主語的特殊疑問句中的定語從句中 Who is the man that is reading a book there? Which is the magazine that you borrowed from the reading room?第35頁，共66頁，2022年，5月20日，5點10分，星期日6.當(dāng)先行詞既有表示人又有表示物的詞時 We talked of the things and p

24、ersons that we remembered.第36頁，共66頁，2022年，5月20日，5點10分，星期日注: who、that在指人可以通用，但下列宜用 who,不用that 先行詞是anyone, someone, those時，關(guān)系詞使用who Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here. Is there anyone who wants to go there? 第37頁，共66頁，2022年，5月20日，5點10分，星期日Exercise 1 :用關(guān)系代詞填空The boy _ is playing ping-po

25、ng is my classmate.The e-mail _ I received yesterday was from my sister.I hate people _ talk much but do little.The car _ my father bought last month is very beautiful.who / that(which/ that)who / that(which / that)第38頁，共66頁，2022年，5月20日，5點10分，星期日5. The man _ hair is white is his grandfather.6. Is th

26、ere a student _ father is a business man?7. This is the house in _ we have lived for 10 years.8.Ive never heard of the people and things _ you talked about just now.whosewhosewhich that當(dāng)先行詞同時指人和物時，關(guān)系代詞只能用that.第39頁，共66頁，2022年，5月20日，5點10分，星期日Exercise 2. My father and his teacher talked a lot about the

27、 persons and things _ they couldnt remember.Say all _ you know.Is there anything _ I can do for you?thatthatthat當(dāng)先行詞是something, anything, nothing, all 等詞時，關(guān)系代詞只能用that.第40頁，共66頁，2022年，5月20日，5點10分，星期日4.This is the first play _ I have seen since I came here.5. This is the best novel _ I have read.thatt

28、hat當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞，最高級等詞修飾時，關(guān)系代詞只能用that.6.Who is the girl _is standing under the tree?7. Which is the machine _ we used last Sunday.當(dāng)主句是who或which 引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句，而中心詞指人或物時，關(guān)系代詞只能用that.thatthat第41頁，共66頁，2022年，5月20日，5點10分，星期日1.The person _ you should write to is Mr Ball .2. The teacher from _ I learnt most was Mrs

29、Zhu .3. The runner _ you are asking about is over there .4 .The girl _ you are looking for is in the classroom .5. The meeting _ we shall take part in will be held in a hotel .6. The factory _ I worked in for over two years has been closed . 7. The airport _ is 30 kilometres away is the only one in

30、the city 8. The person _ won the race was a woman from Sichuan .(who/whom/that)whom(who/whom/that)(who/whom/that)(that/which)(that/which)that/whichwho/that第42頁，共66頁，2022年，5月20日，5點10分，星期日3. She heard a terrible noise,_ brought her heart into her mouth. A. it B. which C. this D. that 4. Have you found

31、 the woman_ purse was lost? A. her B. of which C. that D. whose第43頁，共66頁，2022年，5月20日，5點10分，星期日5. Mr. Smith is the only one of those foreigners who_ in China. A. work B. is working C. are working D. had working 6. All _can be done has been done. A. Which B. that C. what D. who第44頁，共66頁，2022年，5月20日，5點

32、10分，星期日7. When he came back from abroad, John told his parents about the cities and the people _ he had visited. A. who B. which C. where D. that8. His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone_ family was poor. A. of whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose第45頁，共66頁，2022年，5月20日，5點10分，星期日Match the two sentences

33、1.Im reading a book. The book is about Bill Gates. _2.He is a teacher. The teacher teaches us Chinese._ 3.I dont like the man. He is smoking._4.Where is the picture? You bought it last week._ Im reading a book that/which is about Bill Gates.He is a teacher who/ that teaches us Chinese.I dont like th

34、e man who/that is smoking.Where is the picture (that/which) you bought last week?第46頁，共66頁，2022年，5月20日，5點10分，星期日由Who 引導(dǎo)的定語從句，在句中做主語 賓語1、Do you know the man _ is talking with your father? A. whom B. who C. which2、The boys _ the teacher talked to are from Class One. A. when B. which C. who3、Those _ wa

35、nt to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. A. who B. which C. whom第47頁，共66頁，2022年，5月20日，5點10分，星期日4. The gentleman _ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief. A. who B. about whom C. whom5. The doctor _ you are looking for is in the room. A. whom B. what C. which6. The

36、 teacher for _ you are waiting has come. A. who B. whom C. that由Whom 引導(dǎo)的定語從句，在句中做賓語介詞提前時只能用 whom第48頁，共66頁，2022年，5月20日，5點10分，星期日7、He prefers to eat the rice _ in the south. A. who is grown B. which is grown C. that is grown8、 The knife _ I cut the apple with cant be found. A. which B. who C. what 9、T

37、he room in _ there are many books is mine. A. that B. who C. which10、This is the pen _ he bought yesterday. A. which B. who C. that由Which 引導(dǎo)的定語從句，在句中做主語 賓語介詞提前時只能用 whichthat第49頁，共66頁，2022年，5月20日，5點10分，星期日11. She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth. A. that B. which C. who12. T

38、he weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that13. Jim was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _，of course, made the others unhappy. A. which B. who C. what 由Which 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句（不能用that）第50頁，共66頁，2022年，5月20日，5點10分，星期日14. A child _ parents ar

39、e dead is called an orphan. A. which B. his C. whose 15. This book is for the students _ native(本國的) language is not English. A.that B.of whom C.whose 16. The boy _ composition won the first prize is the youngest in the group. A. who B. whose C. that由Whose 引導(dǎo)的定語從句, 在句中做定語第51頁，共66頁，2022年，5月20日，5點10分，

40、星期日26. The speaker spoke of some writers and some books _ were popular then. A. who B. that C. which先行詞被既有人又有物時只能用that引導(dǎo)第52頁，共66頁，2022年，5月20日，5點10分，星期日The necklace _ you gave me for my birthday is good. A.who B.where C.which D.what 典型例題解析CPolly was the thief _stole Mums necklace. A.who B.where C.whi

41、ch D.what AThe one _ he gave me is black. A.who B.that C.which D.what B 第53頁，共66頁，2022年，5月20日，5點10分，星期日This is the most interesting story I have heard of. A.which B.that C.who D.what The one _ one a thousand dollars turned out to be false. A.which cost B.which spend C.that cost D.that spend 典型例題解析C

42、This is the first article he has written in English. A.which B.that C.who D.what BB第54頁，共66頁，2022年，5月20日，5點10分，星期日.單項選擇1.There is nothing _ I can do.A.that B.whichC.who D.what2.Do you know the man _ is wearing glasses?A.who B.whichC.what D.where3.The boy _ is playing football is my brother.A.which B

43、.whoC.what D.where4.Ill never forget the day _ I first met her.A.what B.who C.which D.when5.I cant find the book _ my mother bought me.A.who B.when C.which D.what(A)(A)(B)(D)(C)第55頁，共66頁，2022年，5月20日，5點10分，星期日6.The film _I saw yesterday was very interesting.A.who B.whenC.what D.that7.This is the pan

44、_ I heat the milk.A.which B.whereC.with which D.in which8.Is there anything _ I can help you?A.that B.whichC.who D.what9.All _ is needed is a few hands to help with the work.A.what B.thatC.which D.things10.Is this the factory _you wish to visit?A.that B.whereC.when D.what (D)(D)(A)(B)(A)第56頁，共66頁，20

45、22年，5月20日，5點10分，星期日11.Im reading a book _ is written by Luxun.A.which B.whoC.what D.when12.I like the teacher _ gave us a talk last week.A.who B.whichC.when D.where13.This is one of the beautiful mountains _ I have seen before.A.which B.whoC.what D.that14.After 20 years he went back to the city _ he

46、 used to live.A.where B.whenC.what D.that15.Mr Green is only one of those foreigners _are working in China.A.that B.whichC.whom D.whose(A)(A)(D)(A)(A)第57頁，共66頁，2022年，5月20日，5點10分，星期日16.My necklace is not the only thing _is missing. A.which B.thatC.what D.where17.I hate people _ talked much but do_ A.

47、who，few B.that，few C.which，little D.who，little18.Ill shoot anyone _ moves. A.which B.whenC.where D.who19.I dont know the reason _he was late this morning. A.what B.whenC.why D.who20.We are looking for a thief _ parrots and necklaces. A.who like stealingB.who likes stealing C.that like to steal D.whi

48、ch likes to steal (B)(D)(D)(B)(C)第58頁，共66頁，2022年，5月20日，5點10分，星期日 單項選擇。 1. This is the job _they laughed at. A.which B.as C.it D.who 2. Beihai Park is a beautiful park_built about 300 years ago. A.where was B.that were C.which was D.where3. Who was the grey-haired man _at yesterdays meeting?A.we saw him B.we saw C.we saw who D.she was seen4. The man _is painting the house is my uncle. A.heB.whom C.whose D.who5. What is the animal _baby is sleeping in i