2023版高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí)第2部分基礎(chǔ)語法講練專題1詞法篇第4講介詞(短語)課件

1、專題一詞法篇第4講介詞(短語)高考感知1(2021全國(guó)新高考卷)A company representative wrote back and told me the airline was switching over _ plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.【答案與解析】1from考查介詞。句意：一個(gè)公司代表回信告訴我，這家航空公司正在其1 200個(gè)航班上將塑料杯更換為紙杯。根據(jù)空格后面的“plastic to paper cups”結(jié)合文意可知，這里是fromto，即“將塑料杯更換為紙杯”。故填from。2(20

2、21全國(guó)新高考卷)The Xian City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived Chinas long history. It was built originally to protect the city _ the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修復(fù)). 【答案與解析】2in考查介詞。根據(jù)句意及后面的“the Tang dynasty”可知，這里是指“保護(hù)最初在唐朝期間建立起來的這個(gè)城市”。由于后面的時(shí)間是“the Tang dynasty”，

3、是一個(gè)時(shí)間段。故填in。3(2021全國(guó)新高考卷)Due to the growing popularity of environmentallyrelated and adventure travel, various types _ trips are now being classified as ecotourism. 【答案與解析】3of考查介詞。句意：由于隨著環(huán)保和探險(xiǎn)旅游的盛行，現(xiàn)在多種旅游正被歸類為生態(tài)旅游。various types of是固定短語，意為“多種的；各種各樣的”，后面接名詞。故填of。4(2020全國(guó)卷)After that I poured oil into

4、a pan and turned _ the stove, I waited patiently unless the oil was hot.【答案與解析】4on考查介詞。句意：之后我把油倒進(jìn)一個(gè)平底鍋，然后開火。根據(jù)“I poured oil into a pan”及常識(shí)可知，把油倒進(jìn)鍋里后應(yīng)是打開爐子，所以此處應(yīng)使用短語turn on。5(2020全國(guó)卷)Bamboo plants are associated _ health, abundance and a happy home.【答案與解析】5with考查短語。句意：竹類植物與健康、富足和幸福的家庭聯(lián)系在一起。be associa

5、ted with“與相聯(lián)系”。故填with。6(2020全國(guó)卷)The artist was finally humbled (謙卑) by the greatest artist _ earth, Mother Nature.【答案與解析】6on考查介詞。句意：這位藝術(shù)家最終被世界上最偉大的藝術(shù)家大自然母親所折服。結(jié)合句意表示“在世界上”短語為on earth。故填on。7(2020江蘇卷改編)Taking on this challenge will bring you _ contact with someone who shares your interests.【答案與解析】7in考

6、查介詞短語。句意：接受這個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)會(huì)讓你和你有共同興趣的人接觸。in contact with“接觸；與有聯(lián)系”。根據(jù)空后“someone who shares your interests”及常識(shí)可知，此處指“和與你有共同興趣的人接觸”。8(2020天津卷改編)For my fifth birthday, my mother baked me a cake _ a monkey.【答案與解析】8in考查介詞短語。句意：我五歲生日的時(shí)候，媽媽給我烤了一個(gè)猴子形狀的蛋糕。in the shape of“呈形狀”。蛋糕是猴子“形狀”的。9(2020全國(guó)新高考卷)Museums must compete

7、 _ peoples spare time and money with other amusements.【答案與解析】9for考查介詞。句意：博物館必須和其他娛樂活動(dòng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)人們的業(yè)余時(shí)間和金錢。此處是固定短語：compete for，意為“角逐；競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”。故填for。10(2020浙江卷)Some time after 10,000 BC，people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived _，through agriculture.【答案與解析】10in考查介詞。句意：公元前10 000年以后，人們第一次真正嘗

8、試通過農(nóng)業(yè)來控制他們所居住的世界。分析可知，“they lived _”應(yīng)是之前名詞“the world”的定語從句，定語從句引導(dǎo)詞被省略，可推知先行詞應(yīng)是在從句中作賓語，即“they lived in the world”。“l(fā)ive in名詞”意為“居住在某地”。故填in?？记榉治?“是否有賓語”作依據(jù)。介詞后必須要接賓語，賓語通常由名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞或what從句充當(dāng)。若空格后是名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞且它們?cè)诰渲胁蛔髦髡Z或動(dòng)詞的賓語，則要考慮填介詞。2“四種方法”來確定所填介詞：(1)根據(jù)介詞短語與謂語的邏輯關(guān)系；(2)根據(jù)語境含義結(jié)合介詞用法；(3)根據(jù)特殊的結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系，如接復(fù)合賓語就只能用

9、with或without；(4)根據(jù)介詞與動(dòng)詞等的搭配?？键c(diǎn)突破考點(diǎn)一幾組常用介詞的用法(一)用在時(shí)間前的介詞1表示時(shí)間的介詞in的用法表示在某一較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間內(nèi)。如世紀(jì)、年、季、月、周等，一般用介詞in，如：in the 1990s，in the year，in January，in(the)winter/summer/fall/spring，in the first week of May。還可以用時(shí)間段名詞組成固定短語或詞組。如：in a while，in no time，in the daytime，in a short while，in time，in the morning (after

10、noon，evening)。注意(1)at night/at noon，in the day (在白天)，in the night (在夜間)(2)in five days (weeks，months，years)用在將來時(shí)的句子中， in 意為“在以后”。2在具體的某一天或某天上午、晚上、前夕，常用onon Sunday(s)，on Tuesday morning，on Christmas Day(但用at Christmas)，on Christmas Eve，on Childrens Day, on March 8，on the morning (afternoon，evening)of

11、 Oct.1, on a rainy night，on warm winter days, early on the morning of Oct.1(區(qū)別：in the late/early morning of Oct.1)3表示某一時(shí)刻或某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)用at，如小時(shí)、分鐘等at breakfast(supper，lunch)，at six，at noon(sunrise，sunset，midday，night，midnight，dawn), at the age of 15，at the time of war (但用in time of danger/trouble)注意有些時(shí)間名詞前不接

12、介詞由next，last，this，that，these，those，each，any，every，some，all等用于表示時(shí)間概念的名詞前時(shí)，前面一般不用介詞，如some day，last Sunday，all afternoon。4till，until的用法till (until)與持續(xù)動(dòng)詞連用一般用于肯定句中，與短暫動(dòng)詞連用一般用在否定句中。He waited for me till twelve oclock.他等我直到12點(diǎn)。He didnt get up till (until)10 a.m.他直到十點(diǎn)才起床。注意在句首出現(xiàn)或強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中一般不用till而用until。Not un

13、til 9 a.m.did Mr.Smith come back to school.直到上午9點(diǎn)史密斯先生才回學(xué)校。5in，later，after的用法(1)in一段時(shí)間：表示說話時(shí)為起點(diǎn)一段時(shí)間之后，與一般將來時(shí)連用；但表示“在之內(nèi)”時(shí)，用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。(2)一段時(shí)間later (later是副詞)：表示某一具體時(shí)間或某一方面具體時(shí)間算起的一段時(shí)間后。(3)after一段時(shí)間：表示“在之后”，用于一般過去時(shí)；但時(shí)間為時(shí)間點(diǎn)時(shí)，只能用after，即“after時(shí)間點(diǎn)”，用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。The doctor will be with us in six minutes.醫(yī)生6分鐘后會(huì)和我們?cè)谝黄稹?/p>

14、She graduated in 1981，and eight years later she became the manager of the factory.她于1981年畢業(yè)，8年后，她成為這家工廠的經(jīng)理。He received her letter after four weeks.四周后他收到她的來信。(二)用于地點(diǎn)前的介詞用于地點(diǎn)前的介詞主要有at，on，in，to，off，across，through，over，above，under，below等。(1)at在較小的場(chǎng)所，in在較大的場(chǎng)所，on在的平面上。如at the airport，at the station，at 55

15、 Park Street，in China，in the north，in Asia，on the desk，on the wall等。(2)on，to，in，off還可以表示兩地的相對(duì)位置。若A地屬于B地，用in；A地位于B地的外面且有邊緣銜接，用on；無邊緣的銜接，用to；A在B附近，用off。Japan lies to the east of China.(范圍之外)日本在中國(guó)東邊。Fujian lies in the southeast of China.(范圍之內(nèi))福建位于中國(guó)東南方。Hunan Province lies on the south of Hubei Province

16、.(毗鄰)湖南省位于湖北省的南邊。The island lies off the coast of China.(相隔一定距離)這個(gè)島與中國(guó)隔海相望。(3)across在物體表面“穿過”；through則表示在三維空間內(nèi)部“穿過”。They walked across the playground.他們步行穿過操場(chǎng)。I walked through the forest.我步行穿過森林。(4)over，above譯作“在之上”；under，below譯作“在的下面”。其區(qū)別在于：over，under表示一種直接的、垂直的上下關(guān)系；而above，below則表示一般的“高于”或“低于”，不一定是

17、垂直“在上”或“在下”。A little boat is now under the bridge.橋下一條小船。There is a bridge over the river.河上有個(gè)小橋。The sun sinks below the horizon(地平線)太陽落下了地平線。The window is well above the tree.這個(gè)窗戶恰好在樹上面。(三)其他介詞1表示方式、手段、工具的介詞(1)by the year/hour/day按年/小時(shí)/天。如：He rents a house by the year (day，hour)(按bythe單位名稱，但to the

18、pound按磅算，to the ton按噸計(jì))(2)表泛指的方式、手段by post, on the radio/on TV, by electricity, by machinery, by hard work，learn sth. by heart，through the satellite，through practice，through his own efforts，through experience，through the telescope等。交通工具類：by bus/car/bike/foot，by plane/spaceship/boat/sea/water另外：by me

19、ans of用方法，by way of經(jīng)由，取道于；用方法，with the help (permission) of sb./with sb.s help (permission)。(3)表方式、手段的其他用法He beat the dog with a stick.(with工具/器械)One smells with his nose.(with人體器官，但by hand手工，用手)He stood up with pride.(with表示情緒、情感、態(tài)度的名詞)注意使用語言、材料、文字等用in，如in English (ink，pencil)。2表示“除之外”的常用詞(1)beside

20、s除以外(還有)。作副詞時(shí)意為“而且，更何況”。It was too late to see a film，and besides，I was tired.太晚了不能去看電影，而且我累了。(2)except除去，除之外(不再有)We all went except John.除了約翰我們都去了。(3)except for除了(對(duì)句子主題進(jìn)行細(xì)節(jié)校正或附加說明)，后接名詞、代詞或what從句，此時(shí)與“except that句子”意思相同。He was very clever except for carelessness.他除了粗心以外，真的很聰明。(4)except that 除了一點(diǎn)以外He

21、 has not changed except that he is wearing dark glasses.除了戴墨鏡外，他沒有變化。(5)but與exceptbut和except在表示“除了以外”時(shí)可以通用，但應(yīng)注意以下三點(diǎn)：前面有不定代詞或疑問代詞，意義上對(duì)稱時(shí)，多用but。Nobody but I likes making model ships.只有我喜歡做輪船模型。后接不定式短語為排除對(duì)象時(shí)，多用but。He has nothing to do but wait.(前有do，后省to)他無事可干，只能等待。but與一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)連用。have no choice but to do

22、 sth.只得做某事can not but do sth.不得不做某事can not help but do sth.不得不做某事but for 若不是3between與among(1)between通常指兩者之間，也可以用于三者或三者以上的每?jī)烧咧g的相互關(guān)系。She was busy between cooking，washing，sewing and looking after the baby.她忙著做飯，洗衣服，縫紉和照看寶寶。(2)among表示三者以上之間。The story is said to have happened in a village among the hill

23、s.這個(gè)故事?lián)f發(fā)生在大山之間的一個(gè)村子里。4不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中的for，of這里所說的不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)形式指的是“for/of人/事”，作動(dòng)詞不定式邏輯主語的結(jié)構(gòu)。It is clever of you to answer it like that.像那樣回答你真聰明。It is quite hard for me to explain why.對(duì)我來說解釋為什么很難?？键c(diǎn)二介詞短語1名詞與介詞搭配by accident 偶然by chance 碰巧on board 在船上(或飛機(jī)上、火車上)on business 因公出差on average 平均in charge 掌管，主管in parti

24、cular 特別；尤其；詳細(xì)地in place 適當(dāng)?shù)模磺‘?dāng)?shù)膇n the distance 在遠(yuǎn)處in favo(u)r of 贊成，支持in honour of 為了紀(jì)念；對(duì)表示敬意in spite of 盡管；雖然in turn 依次；轉(zhuǎn)而in vain 徒勞in memory of 為紀(jì)念in return 作為回報(bào)in order 按順序；處于良好狀態(tài)for instance 例如；比如2動(dòng)詞與介詞搭配remind sb.of sth.提醒某人某事rob sb.of sth.搶劫某人某物call at 訪問(某地)call for 要求；需要care about 關(guān)心do harm

25、to 傷害fix ones eyes on 注視get rid of 免除；擺脫run out of 用完come up with 提出put forward 提出make fun of 取笑adapt to 適應(yīng)refer to 涉及；查閱come across (偶然)遇見pick up 撿起；用車接(某人)；接收；偶然3形容詞與介詞搭配be curious about 對(duì)好奇be proud of 因而自豪be popular with 受到的歡迎be anxious about 為憂慮be concerned about 對(duì)擔(dān)心/憂慮be present at 出席be absent

26、from 缺席be free from 免于技巧點(diǎn)撥語法填空解題“2策略”1分析句子成分如果句子中不缺少主語或表語，動(dòng)詞后又不缺少賓語，則在名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞前一定是填介詞。2記牢固定搭配(1)注意短語搭配中介詞的正確使用；(2)注意有特殊用法的介詞，如接復(fù)合賓語就只能用with或without。對(duì)點(diǎn)特訓(xùn).單句語法填空1It is also intended to promote the relationship of family members and raise awareness of the need to protect children _ the harmful side of

27、 society.2It can withstand a strong wind equal _ a maximum Beaufort scale 16【答案】1from/ against2to3_ the contrary，gift giving is a traditional custom in Japan.4In the 1950s, when jetliners were starting to become mainstream, the De Havilland Comet came _ fashion.【答案】3On4into5Traditional Chinese Medic

28、ine (TCM) has been around _ thousands of years.6My parents and teachers were surprised _ my bad performance.7During the Tang Dynasty, the Emperor Taizong established an opera school _ the poetic name Liyuan (Pear Garden)【答案】5for6at7with8Thats certainly the case _ “china”And of all types of china，whi

29、te porcelain(瓷)is among the most famous.9In order to economize in cooking，they had to use very little wood.So they started cutting their meat and vegetables _ small pieces before they put them in the hot oil.10Worried that the mother goose would attack him if he got close_ the baby, Givens called th

30、e local SPCA chapter.【答案】8with9into10to.寫作運(yùn)用1吉姆累了，背靠著一棵大樹很快便睡著了。_2今天下午兩點(diǎn)我會(huì)到機(jī)場(chǎng)接你。_【答案】1Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back against a big tree.2Ill pick you up at the airport at 2 oclock this afternoon.3他三點(diǎn)之前肯定會(huì)來。_4他被一輛小汽車撞倒了。_【答案】3He is sure to come by three oclock.4He was knocked down by a car.5我確信她是這個(gè)職位的理想人選。_6看到這可怕的景象，我們被嚇到了。_【答案】5Im sure shes the ideal person f