機(jī)械精度設(shè)計(jì)與檢測(cè)基礎(chǔ)

1、COMPREHENSIVECHINESE-ENGLISHDICTIONARYForMechanicalPrecisionDesignandVerificationBasic機(jī)械精度設(shè)計(jì)與檢測(cè)基礎(chǔ)漢英綜合詞匯楊青編著西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)機(jī)械與電子工程學(xué)院2007年3月前言專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)是高等院校學(xué)生必須掌握的基本知識(shí)和技能。為了適應(yīng)雙語(yǔ)教學(xué)的需要，使學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)的同時(shí)，熟悉和掌握相關(guān)專(zhuān)業(yè)的英語(yǔ)詞匯，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生較熟練地應(yīng)用英語(yǔ)的能力，提高專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)的水平，為今后從事相關(guān)專(zhuān)業(yè)的工作奠定一定基礎(chǔ)，特編撰本“漢英綜合詞匯”輔助教材。本教材根據(jù)“機(jī)械精度設(shè)計(jì)與檢測(cè)基礎(chǔ)”課程的主要章節(jié)及內(nèi)容，選編、翻譯了700多條

2、專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)詞匯。其中包括了互換性原理、測(cè)量技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)、機(jī)械零件幾何參數(shù)的精度設(shè)計(jì)與檢測(cè)、典型零件的精度設(shè)計(jì)與檢測(cè)，以及尺寸鏈設(shè)計(jì)、統(tǒng)計(jì)檢驗(yàn)與質(zhì)量控制等內(nèi)容。在教材選編過(guò)程中，作者盡量選用了國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中定義術(shù)語(yǔ)的專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)詞匯，并參考了國(guó)外同類(lèi)學(xué)科教科書(shū)中相應(yīng)的專(zhuān)業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)。本教材不僅可作為高等院校機(jī)械工程類(lèi)各專(zhuān)業(yè)的教學(xué)參考書(shū)，對(duì)從事機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造、幾何精度檢測(cè)及質(zhì)量控制等方面的工程技術(shù)人員也有一定參考應(yīng)用價(jià)值。由于編者水平有限，書(shū)中難免存在疏漏和不當(dāng)之處，敬請(qǐng)讀者批評(píng)指正。編者2007年3月TOC o 1-5 h z第一章緒論1第二章圓柱結(jié)合的精度設(shè)計(jì)與檢測(cè)3第三章測(cè)量技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)5第四章形狀和位置精度設(shè)計(jì)與檢

3、測(cè)8第五章表面粗糙度與檢測(cè)10第六章滾動(dòng)軸承與孔、軸結(jié)合的精度設(shè)計(jì)10第七章圓錐結(jié)合的精度設(shè)計(jì)與檢測(cè)11第八章鍵和花鍵結(jié)合的精度設(shè)計(jì)與檢測(cè)12第九章螺紋結(jié)合的精度設(shè)計(jì)與檢測(cè)13第十章圓柱齒輪精度設(shè)計(jì)與檢測(cè)14第十一章尺寸鏈17第十二章統(tǒng)計(jì)檢測(cè)與質(zhì)量控制18第一章緒論Chapter1Introduction機(jī)械精度設(shè)計(jì)mechanicalprecisiondesign檢測(cè)基礎(chǔ)verificationbasic測(cè)量技術(shù)measurementtechniques互換性interchangeability互換性原則principleofinterchangeability互換性種類(lèi)typesofint

4、erchangeability外互換externalinterchange內(nèi)互換internalinterchange完全互換completeinterchange不完全互換limitedinterchange公差tolerance幾何量公差toleranceofgeometricalquantity幾何量檢測(cè)Tverificationofgeometricalquantity標(biāo)準(zhǔn)standard技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)technicalstandard國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（GB）nationalstandard標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化standardization系列化seriation通用化generalization實(shí)際幾何參數(shù)ac

5、tualgeometricalparameters理論幾何參數(shù)theoreticalgeometricalparameters產(chǎn)品product組件groupware部件component零件part批量產(chǎn)品mass-products規(guī)格相同samestandard輔助加工修配裝配生產(chǎn)原則assistantmachiningrepairingassemblingproductionprinciple滿足技術(shù)要求和使用性能meettotechnicalrequirementsanduseperformances簡(jiǎn)化設(shè)計(jì)自動(dòng)化生產(chǎn)縮短維修周期降低成本產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化品種規(guī)格系列零部件通用化幾何參數(shù)使

6、用功能相同規(guī)格國(guó)軍標(biāo)（GJB）simplifydesignautomatedmanufacturingshortenthemaintaincyclereducethecoststandardizationofproductqualityseriationofvarietyspecificgeneralizationofcomponentsgeometricalparametersfunctionofusagesamespecificationnationalmilitarystandard推薦執(zhí)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（GB/T）nationalstandard/recommendation優(yōu)先數(shù)優(yōu)先數(shù)系十進(jìn)等

7、比數(shù)列基本系列補(bǔ)充系列變形系列派生系列位移系列復(fù)合系列項(xiàng)數(shù)選用規(guī)則十進(jìn)段常數(shù)優(yōu)先數(shù)值preferrednumberseriesofpreferrednumbersdecimalgeometricproportionnumbersbasicseriescomplementaryseriesdeformationseriesderiveseriesdisplacementseriescomplexseriesnumbersoftermselectingprincipledecimalrangeconstantpreferrednumericalvalue理論值theoryvalue計(jì)算值calcu

8、latingvalue常用值commonvalue化整值modifyingvalue第二章圓柱結(jié)合的精度設(shè)計(jì)與檢測(cè)Chapter2PrecisionDesignandVerificationforCylindricalPartsConnection定義definitions術(shù)語(yǔ)terms，nomenclature孔hole軸shaft尺寸size基本尺寸basicsize實(shí)際尺寸actualsize極限尺寸limitsofsize最大極限尺寸maximumlimitsofsize最小極限尺寸minimumlimitsofsize偏差deviation實(shí)際偏差actualdeviation極限偏

9、差limitdeviation上偏差upperdeviation下偏差lowerdeviation公差帶tolerancezone公差帶大小dimensionoftolerancezone公差帶位置positionoftolerancezone零線zeroline配合fit間隙clearance過(guò)盈interference間隙配合clearancefit過(guò)盈配合interferencefit過(guò)渡配合transitionfit最小間隙minimumclearance最大間隙maximumclearance平均間隙averageclearance最小過(guò)盈minimuminterference最大過(guò)

10、盈maximuminterference平均過(guò)盈averageinterference配合公差variationoffit基準(zhǔn)制basictolerancingsystem基孔制holebasicsystem基軸制shaftbasicsystem基準(zhǔn)孔basichole基準(zhǔn)軸basicshaft標(biāo)準(zhǔn)公差standardtolerance公差單位toleranceunit公差等級(jí)gradesoftolerance尺寸分段sizesteps基本偏差fundamentaldeviation標(biāo)準(zhǔn)公差系列seriesofstandardtolerance基本偏差系列seriesoffundamental

11、deviation軸的基本偏差fundamentaldeviationforshaft孔的基本偏差fundamentaldeviationforhole通用規(guī)則generalrule特殊規(guī)則specialrule常用公差帶commonrecommendationfortolerancezone優(yōu)先公差帶preferredselectionfortolerancezone一般公差帶generalrecommendationfortolerancezone常用配合commonrecommendationforfit優(yōu)先配合preferredselectionforfit代號(hào)symbol被測(cè)幾何量m

12、easuredgeometricalquantity公差帶代號(hào)配合代號(hào)標(biāo)注計(jì)算公式公差與配合的選擇配合的計(jì)算與選擇工作量規(guī)校對(duì)量規(guī)不確定性安全裕度驗(yàn)收極限通規(guī)至規(guī)塞規(guī)卡規(guī)環(huán)規(guī)板規(guī)可調(diào)節(jié)量規(guī)量規(guī)公差帶量規(guī)公差磨損公差磨損極限不確定度的允許值泰勒原則評(píng)定參數(shù)光滑極限量規(guī)測(cè)量symbolsfortolerancezonesymbolsforfitnotationcalculationformulateselectionoftoleranceandfitcalculationandselectionoffitworkshopgaugecheckinggaugeuncertaintysafetymarg

13、inlimitsofacceptancegogaugenotgogaugepluggauge，pingaugesnaporgapringgaugecalipergaugeadjustablecalipergaugetolerancezoneofgaugegaugetolerancewearallowancewearlimitsallowanceofuncertaintyTaylorprincipleevaluationparametersplainlimitgauge第三章測(cè)量技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)Chapter3MeasurementTechnologyBasicmeasurementmeasuremen

14、tmeasurementmeasurementtemperatureconditionrangedatummeasuringinstrumentdirectmeasurementindirectmeasurementabsolutemeasurementrelativemeasurementcontactmeasurementnon-contactmeasurementerrorofmeasurementsystematicerrorrandomerrorparasiticerror測(cè)量單位測(cè)量方法測(cè)量方程測(cè)量溫度測(cè)量條件測(cè)量范圍測(cè)量基準(zhǔn)計(jì)量器具直接測(cè)量間接測(cè)量絕對(duì)測(cè)量相對(duì)測(cè)量接觸測(cè)量非接觸測(cè)

15、量測(cè)量誤差系統(tǒng)誤差隨機(jī)誤差粗大誤差unitofmethodoffunctionofmeasuringmeasuringmeasuringmeasuring精密度準(zhǔn)確度精密度靈敏度重復(fù)精度分度值修正量量值長(zhǎng)度基準(zhǔn)尺寸傳遞激光光波殘余誤差（剩余誤差）residualerrorprecisioncorrectnessaccuracysensitivityrepeatabilityvalueofascaledivisioncorrectionvalueofaquantitylengthstandarddimensiontransferlatherlightwave波長(zhǎng)wavelength米制metri

16、csystem米meter毫米micrometer微米micron英制Englishsystem英尺foot英寸inch量塊gaugeblockV-形塊V-block平板planetable坐標(biāo)工作臺(tái)coordinatetable旋轉(zhuǎn)工作臺(tái)rotarytable水平儀level準(zhǔn)式水平儀framespiritlevel傾斜式水平儀tiltinglevel光學(xué)平行平晶parallelopticalflat光學(xué)平面平晶planeopticalflat游標(biāo)尺venirescale游標(biāo)卡尺venirecaliper游標(biāo)千分尺veniremicrometer游標(biāo)深度尺venire-depthgage游標(biāo)

17、高度尺venire-heightgage內(nèi)徑千分尺insidemicrometer外徑千分尺outsidemicrometer指示表dialindicator比較儀comparator機(jī)械比較儀mechanicalcomparator光學(xué)比較儀opticalcomparator電感比較儀electroniccomparator干涉儀interferometer工具顯微鏡toolmakersmicroscope大型工具顯微鏡large-toolmakersmicroscope萬(wàn)能工具顯微鏡universal-toolmakersmicroscope光切顯微鏡lightsectionmicrosc

18、ope表面粗糙顯微鏡surfaceroughnessmicroscope測(cè)量機(jī)measuringmachine坐標(biāo)測(cè)量機(jī)coordinatemeasuringmachine萬(wàn)能測(cè)量機(jī)universalmeasuringmachine萬(wàn)能輪廓投影儀universalprofileprojector目鏡eyepieceocular物鏡objectgrass放大倍數(shù)magnification第四章形狀和位置精度設(shè)計(jì)與檢測(cè)Chapter4PrecisionDesignandVerificationforGeometricalTolerances形位公差geometricaltolerances形狀公差

19、fromtolerances定向公差orientationtolerances定位公差locationtolerances跳動(dòng)公差run-outtolerances直線度公差straightnesstolerance平面度公差flatnesstolerance圓度公差circularity(roundness)tolerance圓柱度公差cylindricitytolerance線輪廓度公差profiletoleranceofanyline面輪廓度公差profiletoleranceofanysurface平行度公差parallelismtolerance垂直度公差perpendiculari

20、tytolerance傾斜度公差angularitytolerance同軸度公差coaxialitytolerance對(duì)稱度公差symmetrytolerance位置度公差positiontolerance圓跳動(dòng)公差circularrun-outtolerance全跳動(dòng)公差totalrun-outtolerance被測(cè)要素tolerancedfeature理想要素truefeature實(shí)際要素real(actual)feature基準(zhǔn)要素datumfeature單一要素singlefeature關(guān)聯(lián)要素relatedfeature單一基準(zhǔn)singledatum基準(zhǔn)體系datumsystem最大

21、實(shí)體狀態(tài)maximummaterialcondition最小實(shí)體狀態(tài)leastmaterialcondition實(shí)效狀態(tài)virtualcondition最大實(shí)體邊界boundaryofmaximummaterialcondition實(shí)效邊界boundaryvirtualcondition最大實(shí)體尺寸maximummaterialsize最小實(shí)體尺寸leastmaterialsize實(shí)效尺寸virtualsize作用尺寸matingsize理論正確尺寸theoreticallyexactdimension公差原則tolerancingprinciples相關(guān)原則principleofcorrel

22、ation獨(dú)立原則principleofindependence最大實(shí)體原則maximummaterialprinciple包容原則envelopeprinciple最小條件minimumcondition最小區(qū)域minimumzone檢測(cè)原理T*principleofverification綜合量規(guī)functionalgauge第五章表面粗糙度與檢測(cè)Chapter5SurfaceroughnessandVerification表面粗糙度surfaceroughness取樣長(zhǎng)度samplinglength評(píng)定長(zhǎng)度evaluationlength輪廓最小二乘中線leastsquaremeanli

23、neoftheprofile輪廓算術(shù)平均中線arithmeticalmeanlineoftheprofile表面加工紋理surfacelay輪廓峰頂線lineofprofilepeaks輪廓谷底線lineofprofilevalleys輪廓最大峰高maximumheightofprofilepeak輪廓最大谷深maximumdepthofprofilevalleys峰頂至峰谷高peaktovalleyheight輪廓算術(shù)平均偏差arithmeticalmeandeviationoftheprofile微觀不平度的十點(diǎn)高度tenpointheightofirregulation輪廓不平度最大高度

24、maximumpeak-to-valleyheightoftheprofile輪廓不平度的平均間距meanspacingofhighspots輪廓單峰的平均間距meanspacingoftwoconjunctivepeaks輪廓支撐長(zhǎng)度率bearingareaoftheprofile第六章滾動(dòng)軸承與孔、軸結(jié)合的精度設(shè)計(jì)Chapter6PrecisionDesignforConnectionofRollingBearingwithHoleandShaft滾動(dòng)軸承rollingbearing外圈outsidering內(nèi)圈internalring滾動(dòng)體rollingbodies保持架bearings

25、pacer軸承內(nèi)徑bearingborediameter軸承外徑bearingoutsidediameter軸向間隙徑向間隙幾何精度旋轉(zhuǎn)精度外殼孔外殼孔肩軸徑軸肩軸承支架軸承箱向心軸承止推軸承滾珠軸承滾柱軸承滾針軸承圓錐輥?zhàn)虞S承滾柱止推軸承滑動(dòng)軸承對(duì)開(kāi)軸承負(fù)荷（重、一般、輕）當(dāng)量徑向負(fù)荷額定動(dòng)負(fù)荷減速器axialinternalclearanceradialinternalclearancegeometricalaccuracyrotationalaccuracyholeofhousingshoulderofhousingneckofshaftshoulderofshaftbearingbri

26、dgebearingboxcentripetalbearingthrustbearingballbearingrollerbearingneedlebearingcone-rollerbearingballthrustbearingplainbearingtwopartbearingload（heavy，normal，light）dynamicequivalentradialloadratingdynamicloaddecelerator,retarder第七章圓錐結(jié)合的精度設(shè)計(jì)與檢測(cè)Chapter7PrecisionDesignandVerificationforConnectionofCo

27、ne基本圓錐實(shí)際圓錐實(shí)際圓錐直徑實(shí)際圓錐角basicconeactualconeactualconediameteractualconeangle極限圓錐極限圓錐直徑極限圓錐角圓錐直徑公差圓錐直徑公差帶圓錐角公差圓錐角公差帶給定截面圓錐直徑公差limitconelimitconediameterlimitconeangleconediametertoleranceconediametertolerancezoneconeangletolerancetolerancezonefortheconeangleconesectiondiametertolerance給定截面圓錐直徑公差帶conesec

28、tiondiametertolerancezone錐度配合長(zhǎng)度基面矩taperlengthoffitdistancebetweendatumsurfaces第八章未注公差角度的極限偏差limitdeviationofanglewithouttoleranceindication圓錐公差conetoleranceChapter8PrecisionDesignandVerificationforConnectionofKeyandSpline鍵key平鍵flatkey花鍵spline鍵槽keyway，keyslot鍵長(zhǎng)keylength鍵寬keywide鍵側(cè)keyside鍵槽深depthofkey

29、way軸槽shaftkeyway輪槽bosskeyway軸槽公差帶tolerancezoneforshaftkeyway輪槽公差帶tolerancezoneforbosskeyway鍵寬公差帶tolerancezoneforkeywide矩形花鍵rectangularspline漸開(kāi)線花鍵involutespline內(nèi)花鍵internalspline外花鍵externalspline花鍵軸splineshaft花鍵孔splinehole定心直徑diameterfordeterminingcentre定心表面surfacefordeterminingcentre較松聯(lián)結(jié)looserconnect

30、ion一般聯(lián)結(jié)ordinaryconnection較緊聯(lián)結(jié)closerconnection累積誤差cumulativeerror多參數(shù)配合multipleparameterfit綜合公差compositetolerance補(bǔ)償公差compensativetolerance單項(xiàng)測(cè)量monomialmeasurement綜合檢測(cè)comprehensiveverification第九章螺紋結(jié)合的精度設(shè)計(jì)與檢測(cè)Chapter9PrecisionDesignandVerificationforConnectionofScrewThread螺紋直徑threaddiameter大徑majordiameter

31、小徑minordiameter頂徑crestdiameter底徑rootdiameter中徑pitchdiameter單一中徑singlepitchdiameter作用中徑mediumeffectivediameter螺距pitch牙型豐角flankangle旋合長(zhǎng)度lengthofengagement內(nèi)螺紋femalethreads外螺紋malethreads普通螺紋ordinarythread粗牙螺紋coarsethread細(xì)牙螺紋finethread螺紋公差screwtolerance螺母公差nuttolerance絲桿公差leadscrewtolerance外螺紋公差帶toleranc

32、ezoneofmalethreads內(nèi)螺紋公差帶tolerancezoneoffemalethreads螺紋公差等級(jí)tolerancegradeofscrewthread精密級(jí)finegrade中等級(jí)mediumgrade粗糙級(jí)coarsegrade螺紋副screwthreadpart螺紋量規(guī)screwthreadgauge螺紋塞規(guī)screwpluggauge螺紋量規(guī)公差帶tolerancezoneofscrewgauge第十章圓柱齒輪精度設(shè)計(jì)與檢測(cè)Chapter10PrecisionDesignandVerificationforCylindricalgear齒輪gearwheel齒坯bla

33、nkXE齒tooth齒頂addendum齒根dedendum齒高toothdepth齒厚toothwidth(thickness)齒間spacewidth齒數(shù)toothnumbers齒輪副gearpair嚙合matewith共軛conjugate節(jié)圓pitchcircle齒輪速比gearratio導(dǎo)角leadangle漸開(kāi)線involute節(jié)線速度pitch-linevelocity線接觸linecontact直齒輪spurgear傘齒輪bevelgear直傘齒輪straightbevel螺旋傘齒輪spiralbevel偏軸傘齒輪hypoidgear斜齒輪helicalgear人字齒輪doub

34、le-helicalgear平行軸齒輪parallel-shaftgear交叉軸齒輪crossed-xis儀表齒輪instrumentgear蝸輪蝸桿wormgears單頭蝸桿single-threadworms多頭蝸桿multiple-threadworms滾錐rollingcones齒輪箱gearbox殼體housing油封oilseal潤(rùn)滑劑lubrication熱膨脹thermalexpansion傳遞效率transmittingratio承載能力load-carryingcapacity齒輪偏差gearsdeviation運(yùn)動(dòng)精度motionprecision平穩(wěn)性精度smoothn

35、essprecision接觸精度contactingprecision齒側(cè)間隙backlash切向綜合誤差tangentialcompositeerror切向-齒綜合誤差tangentialtooth-to-toothcompositeerror徑向綜合誤差radialcompositeerror徑向-齒綜合誤差radialtooth-to-toothcompositeerror周節(jié)累積誤差totalcumulativepitcherrorK個(gè)周節(jié)累積誤差cumulativecircularpitcherroroverasectorofkpitches齒圈徑向跳動(dòng)radialrun-outof

36、gear公法線長(zhǎng)度變動(dòng)variationofbasetangentlength齒形誤差totalprofileerror周節(jié)誤差circularpitchindividuallength基節(jié)誤差basepitcherror齒向誤差totalalignmenterror接觸線誤差contactlineerror軸向齒距偏差axialpitcherror螺旋線波度誤差helixwavinesserror齒厚偏差deviationofwidthofteeth公法線平均長(zhǎng)度偏差deviationofmeanlinetangentlengthoveragivennumberofteeth齒輪副的切向綜合

37、誤差tangentialcompositeerrorofgearpair齒輪的切向-齒綜合誤差tangentialtooth-to-toothcompositeerrorofgearpair圓周側(cè)隙circularbacklash法向側(cè)隙normalbacklash齒輪副的接觸斑點(diǎn)contacttracksofgearpair齒輪副的中心矩偏差centerdistanceerrorofgearpairX方向軸線的平行度誤差inclinationerrorofaxesY方向軸線的平行度誤差deviationerrorofaxes第十一章尺寸鏈Chapter11Dimensionalchain尺寸

38、鏈dimensionalchain環(huán)link封閉環(huán)closinglink組成環(huán)componentlink增環(huán)increasinglink減環(huán)decreasinglink補(bǔ)償環(huán)compensatinglink傳遞系數(shù)scalingfactor，transformationratio長(zhǎng)度尺寸鏈length-dimensionalchain角度尺寸鏈angulardimensionalchain裝配尺寸鏈assembledimensionalchain零件尺寸鏈partdimensionalchain工藝尺寸鏈technologicaldimensionalchain基本尺寸鏈basicdimens

39、ionalchain派生尺寸鏈deriveddimensionalchain標(biāo)量尺寸鏈scalardimensionalchain直線尺寸鏈lineardimensionalchain平面尺寸鏈planardimensionalchain空間尺寸鏈space-wisedimensionalchain尺寸鏈圖dimensionalchaindiagram長(zhǎng)度環(huán)lengthlink角度環(huán)angularlink環(huán)的特征characteristicsoflink計(jì)算參數(shù)parametersofcalculation計(jì)算方法methodsofcalculation互換法interchangemethod

40、完全互換法completeinterchangemethod大數(shù)互換法large-numberinterchangemethod分組法groupingmethod調(diào)整法adjustingmethod修配法modifiedmethod平均偏差meandeviation中間偏差mediandeviation相對(duì)分布系數(shù)relativedistributioncoefficient相對(duì)不對(duì)稱系數(shù)relativenon-symmetricalcoefficient平均公差meantolerance極值公差extremetolerance統(tǒng)計(jì)公差statisticaltolerance平方公差squar

41、etolerance當(dāng)量公差equivalenttolerance封閉環(huán)的分布與系數(shù)distributionandcoefficientofclosinglink組成環(huán)的分布與系數(shù)distributionandcoefficientofcomponentlink第十二章統(tǒng)計(jì)檢測(cè)與質(zhì)量控制Chapter12Statisticaltestandqualitycontrol事件event隨機(jī)事件randomevent概率probability隨機(jī)變量randomvariable隨機(jī)變量的概率分布probabilitydistributionofarandomvariable分布函數(shù)distribut

42、ionfunction連續(xù)隨機(jī)變量的概率probabilitydensityfunctionforrandomvariable密度函數(shù)acontinuousrandomvariable離散隨機(jī)變量的概率probabilityforadiscreterandomvariable二維分布bivariatedistribution多維分布multivariatedistribution邊緣分布marginaldistribution條件分布conditionaldistribution概率分布的分位數(shù)fractileofaprobabilitydistribution中位數(shù)median眾數(shù)mode隨

43、機(jī)變量的期望（均值）expectation（mean）ofarandomvariable中心隨機(jī)變量centredrandomvariable方差（隨機(jī)變量的或概率分布的）variance（ofarandomvariableorofa標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差（標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差）變異系數(shù)，變差系數(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化隨機(jī)變量q階原點(diǎn)矩關(guān)于點(diǎn)a的q階矩q階中心矩相關(guān)（q,s）階聯(lián)合原點(diǎn)矩probabilitydistributionstandarddeviationcoefficientofvariationstandardizedvariatemomentoforderqabouttheoriginmomentoforderqabou

44、ttheoriginacentredmomentoforderqcorrelationjointmomentofordersqandsabouttheorigin關(guān)于點(diǎn)（a,b）的（q,s）階聯(lián)合原點(diǎn)矩jointmomentofordersqandsabouttheorigin（a,b）（q,s）階聯(lián)合中心矩jointcentredmomentofordersqands協(xié)方差covariance相關(guān)系數(shù)coefficientofcorrelation回歸曲線regressioncurve回歸曲面regressionsurface均勻分布uniformdistribution正態(tài)分布、高斯分布n

45、ormaldistributionGaussdistribution標(biāo)準(zhǔn)正態(tài)分布standardizednormaldistributionX2分布chi-squareddistributiont分布,學(xué)生分布t-distribution,studentdistributionF分布Fdistribution對(duì)數(shù)正態(tài)分布log-normaldistribution指數(shù)分布exponententaildistributionY分布gamma-distribution貢貝爾分布（I型極值分布）Gambeldistribution（typeIevaluesdistribution)佛萊契分布(n型極

46、值分布)Frechetdistribution(typenextremevaluesdistribution)威布爾分布(山型極值分布)Weibulldistribution(type山extremevaluesdistribution)二項(xiàng)分布binomialdistribution負(fù)二項(xiàng)分布negativebinomialdistribution泊松分布psissondistribution超幾何分布hypergeometricdistribution二維正態(tài)分布bivariatenormaldistribution二維高斯分布bivariateGaussdistribution標(biāo)準(zhǔn)二維正

47、態(tài)分布standardizedbivariatenormaldistribution標(biāo)準(zhǔn)二維高斯分布standardizedbivariateGaussdistribution多項(xiàng)分布multinomialdistribution個(gè)體item，individual，unit總體population特性，特征characteristic觀測(cè)值observedvalue絕對(duì)值absolutedifference極差range極差中值midrange組class組限classlimits組中值mid-pointofclass組矩classinterval頻數(shù)，絕對(duì)頻數(shù)absolutefrequenc

48、y累積頻數(shù)，絕對(duì)累積頻數(shù)cumulativeabsolutefrequency頻率，相對(duì)頻率relativefrequency累積頻率cumulativerelativefrequency頻率分布frequencydistribution一維分布直方圖條形圖折線兩種方式表聯(lián)列表算術(shù)平均加數(shù)算術(shù)平均偏差平均偏差總體參數(shù)統(tǒng)計(jì)量次序統(tǒng)計(jì)量似然估計(jì)，估計(jì)值估計(jì)量總估計(jì)誤差抽樣誤差估計(jì)量的偏倚無(wú)偏估計(jì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)誤差univariatedistributionhistogrambardiagrampolygontwo-waytablecontingencytablearithmeticmeanweighted

49、arithmeticaveragedeviationmeandeviationpopulationparameterstatisticorderstatisticlikelihoodestimation(ofparameter)estimate(ofparameter)estimatortotalestimationerrorsamplingerrorbiasofestimatorunbiasedestimatorstandarderror總體均值(或概率分布期望)的估計(jì)estimationofthemeanofapopulation(oroftheexpectationofaprobabil

50、itydistribution)總體(或概率分布)方差的估計(jì)estimationofthevarianceofapopulation(or雙側(cè)置信區(qū)間單側(cè)置信區(qū)間置信水平，置信系數(shù)置信限統(tǒng)計(jì)容許區(qū)間統(tǒng)計(jì)容許限aprobabilitydistribution)two-sidedconfidenceintervalone-sidedconfidenceintervalconfidencelevel，confidencecoefficientconfidencelimitstatisticaltoleranceintervalstatisticaltolerancelimits分布的擬合優(yōu)度統(tǒng)計(jì)檢驗(yàn)

51、原假設(shè)（零假設(shè)）備擇假設(shè)簡(jiǎn)單假設(shè)復(fù)合假設(shè)參數(shù)檢驗(yàn)非參數(shù)檢驗(yàn)檢驗(yàn)的操作特性曲線（檢驗(yàn)的OC曲線）顯著性結(jié)果X2檢驗(yàn)T檢驗(yàn)F檢驗(yàn)重復(fù)隨機(jī)化真值均值的準(zhǔn)確度精密度重復(fù)性再現(xiàn)性抽樣樣本（子樣）抽樣單位樣本大小有放回抽樣無(wú)放回抽樣簡(jiǎn)單隨機(jī)抽樣子樣本對(duì)分樣本分層抽樣goodnessoffitofadistributiontatisticaltestnullhypothesisalternativehypothesissimplehypothesiscompositehypothesisparametrictest-distributionfreetest-non-parametrictestoperati

52、ngcharacteristiccurveofatest(OCcurveofatest)significantresultchi-squaredtestt-test，studenttestF-testrepetitionrandomizationtruevalueaccuracyofthemeanprecisionrepeatabilityreproductabilitysamplingsamplesamplingunitsamplesizesamplingwithreplacementsamplingwithoutreplacementsimplerandomsamplingsubsampl

53、eduplicatedsamplestratifiedsampling周期系數(shù)抽樣整群抽樣多級(jí)抽樣初始樣本二級(jí)樣本最終樣本抽樣比份樣試驗(yàn)片大樣，粗樣樣本制備實(shí)驗(yàn)室樣本試驗(yàn)樣本檢查抽樣檢查批檢查批批量交付批批檢查交收檢查初檢查最終檢查全檢，百分之百檢查計(jì)數(shù)檢查計(jì)量檢查缺陷不合格品致命缺陷重缺陷輕缺陷periodicsystematicsamplingclustersamplingmultistagesamplingprimarysamplesecondarysamplefinalsamplesamplingfractionincrementtestpiecepulksample(grosssample)samplepreparation