英文版of puter b微型計(jì)算機(jī)原理及應(yīng)用

1、The Principle and Application of微型計(jì)算機(jī)原理及應(yīng)用puter B這門(mén)課比較抽象，主要講了計(jì)算機(jī)的工作原理，以 8086 為例。比如，當(dāng)輸入一個(gè)十進(jìn)制的數(shù)，在鍵盤(pán)上，電腦是如何辨別輸入的數(shù)呢？電腦里面用的是二進(jìn)制，當(dāng)輸入十進(jìn)制數(shù)時(shí)，電腦會(huì)自動(dòng)把它轉(zhuǎn)化為二進(jìn)制，轉(zhuǎn)化過(guò)程是（舉例子）。8086 是 16 位處理器的典型代表，也是er 80X86 系列的第一個(gè)產(chǎn)品。主要由總線接口單元和執(zhí)行單元?？偩€接口單元里面主要有四個(gè)段地址寄存器（CS16 位代碼段寄存器；DS數(shù)據(jù)段寄存器； ES附加段；SS堆棧段）。執(zhí)行單元里面有 4 個(gè)通用寄存器（累加器（AX），基址寄存器（B

2、X），計(jì)數(shù)寄存器（CX），數(shù)據(jù)寄存器（DX）和 4 個(gè)C 語(yǔ)言：#include main()i,sum;i=1;sum=0; while(i=100)i+=1;寄存器（BP，SP,SI,DI）。sum=sum+i;prf(sum is %d,sum);return 0;This course involves 包含 the parallel port 并行端口, the serial port串行端口, D/A (Digital toog) Converter 轉(zhuǎn)換, A/D Converter, thedigital code displayer 數(shù)字代碼顯示器, and the keyb

3、oard, espe programming and the method of researching 研究 a application system.lly I/O puterputrinciple and Applicationsroduction: The students are requested to master the basic architectureof computer and its running principle. They will learn assembly languageprogramming, in order to get the foundat

4、ionhe compute control. Thiscourse will involve the architecture and principle of Mcs-51 serialprosor, theerruption techniques, the extenof the prosor, andassembly language programming.一、Fundamentals:a.ThecharacteristicsofMono-chip:highlyegrated,simplestructure, high reliability, strongfunctionsto co

5、ntrol, cheap,flexible usage.b.Storage capacity=2(*n)*mOperation運(yùn)算 1) add 2)subtraction 3) multiply 0*0=00*1=1*0=01*1=1c.Logical operation 1) And00=001=10=011=1 2)Or00=001=10=111=1二、Structure and working principles:a. Makeup: CPU, timer circuit, Read Only Memory, Random AcsMemory, Timer and Counter,

6、St connect Input/output 串行口,errupt control system.1. A central prosing unit (CPU): is an electronic circuitt canexecute computrograms.2. A Random-acs memory (RAM): is a form of computer data storage.A random-acs device allows stored dao be acsed in very nearlythe same amount of time for any storage

7、location, so dan be acsedquickly in any random order. Its usually used to store data. It can bothread and write. But when the machine iser off, data in a RAM willdisappear.3. A Read-only memory (ROM): is a class of storage medium used incomputers and other electronic devi. Data stored in ROM cannot

8、bemodified, or can be modified only slowly or with difficulty, so it ismainly used to distribute firmware (softwaret is very closely tied tospecific hardware, and unlikely to need frequent updates).4. Input/Outputerface: is anegrated circuit by which thecomputer can exchange information with the ext

9、ernal devi.P0, P1, P2 and P3 are input and outputerface. They all have thefunction of transmitting input data and output data of a prosor.RESET pin: can initialize the se of the prosor. And 8051(eight zerofive one) has two form of reset:er-on reset and manual reset.5Timer or counter: is a spelized t

10、ype of clock. It can be used tocontrol the sequence of an event or pros.6.errupt system: Anerrupt refers tot the prosor stopsexecution of the original program and begins execution of anerrupthandler after which the prosor will return to execute the originalprogram.In systems programming, anerrupt is

11、 a signal to the prosor or aninstruction in software usually indicating an eventt needs immediateattention. Anerrupt signals the prosor of a high-priority conditionrequiring theerruption of the current code the prosor is executing,the current thread. The prosor responds by suspending its currentacti

12、vities,savingits se,andexecutingasmallprogramcalledanerrupndler (errupt service routine, ISR) to deal with the event.Thiserruption is temporary, and after theerrupndler finishes, theprosor resumes execution of the previous thread.b.ernal structure and functions: operator 運(yùn)算器 (arithmeticlogic unit 算術(shù)

13、邏輯單元, accumulator 累加器, register 寄存器, Program Sus Word), controller 控制器(Program Counter,DPTR), assemble language 匯編語(yǔ)言The prosor of a MCS-51 single-chip computer usually has forty pins.For exle(引腳圖)：8051 is a type of CPU of MSC-51. This figureshows its pins. And this form is called a dual in-line pack

14、age (DIP). (標(biāo)出兩根電源線 20 21)Theory and application ofputer 微機(jī)原理及實(shí)驗(yàn)ernal structure of a2.This course is mainly about theputer and some important concepts aboutputers.There are many kinds ofputers, and we mainly learnedMCS-51 single-chip computer.Fundamental characteristic: highlyegrated, simple structu

15、re, highreliability, strong function to control,cheap flexible usage.3. Structure and working principlesa. Makeup: CPU, timer circuit, Read Only Memory, Random AcsMemory, Timer and Counter, St connect Input/output, 串行口,errupt control system.b.ernal structure and functions: operator 運(yùn)算器 (Arithmeticlo

16、gic unit 算術(shù)邏輯單元, Accumulator 累加器, register 寄存器,Program Sus Word), controller 控制器(Program Counter, DPTR)assemble langusge (匯編語(yǔ)言)4.ernal structure and functions: operator 運(yùn)算器 (Arithmeticlogic unit 算術(shù)邏輯單元, Accumulator 累加器, register 寄存器,Program Sus Word), controller 控制器(Program Counter, DPTR)實(shí)驗(yàn)：the name of my design is “Furnace Temperature control systemb