2021屆高考英語二輪復習各題型分項專練-閱讀理解60篇31-45科教科普類含解析

1、2021屆高考英語二輪復習各題型分項專練_閱讀理解60篇31_45科教科普類含解析2021屆高考英語二輪復習各題型分項專練_閱讀理解60篇31_45科教科普類含解析2021屆高考英語二輪復習各題型分項專練_閱讀理解60篇31_45科教科普類含解析2021高考二輪復習各題型分項專練閱讀理解60篇(3145）閱讀理解（31） A large male emperor penguin waddles(蹣跚行走) slowly across the ice to the water。 He dives deep into the cold salt water and then springs bac

2、k onto the ice. Nearby a female penguin sleeps as her baby rests on the top of her feet. The penguins are enjoying another beautiful day of sunshine and freezing temperatures in the Penguin Encounter， a special home built for them in sunny California。 The Penguin Encounter is located at SeaWorld in

3、San Diego。 It was built to help study the emperor penguin，the largest of all penguins。 The emperor penguins natural home is in the Antarctic, near the South Pole。 Increases in Earths temperatures could cause large amounts of ice to break up. Scientists feared that this drastic(劇烈的） change in the env

4、ironment could destroy the emperor penguins nesting areas. This would cause the number of emperor penguins to greatly decrease。 A new home for them seemed to be the perfect solution. Scientists wanted to make the Penguin Encounter a comfortable home for the black-andwhite feathered birds。 A team of

5、scientists was sent to the Antarctic to learn more about the emperor penguinsScientist FrankTodd led the team. Todd is an experton penguins。Hehas spent more than 25 years studying them。 Getting close to the emperor penguins in the Antarctic wasnt difficult for the group of scientists。 Sometimes they

6、 would waddle close to Todd and his team。 The scientists concluded that this behavior could be the result of poor eyesight。 Penguins are nearsighted， which allows them to see better in the water than on land. Another possible reason for their behavior was that they had little to fear on the ice. The

7、ir enemies， such as leopard seals and killer whales,hunt mainly in the water. Todd and his team spent many months studying the diet and social habits of the emperor penguins. It was easy to get close to the penguins, but it wasnt easy to study them。 In the Antarctic, the temperature rarely rises abo

8、ve zero degree, which is perfect for penguins， hut not for scientists。 Once Todd and his team had finally gathered enough information, they made plans for a new home inCaliforniaforanumberof emperor penguins。 Scientistshopedtostudy the birdsin conditions that were more scientistfriendly。 When the ne

9、w Antarctic” was completed， Todd and his team brought several hundred emperor penguins to California from the Antarctic.1。Which of the following words can replace the underlined word in the first paragraph？A。Moves.B.Jumps。C。Holds.D。Flies.2.Why did scientists need to study penguins in the Antarctic b

10、efore building the Penguin Encounter?A.They were afraid that the emperor penguins homes would be destroyed。B。They wanted the Penguin Encounter just to be like the emperor penguins natural home。C.They wanted to see how the emperor penguins reacted to the rising temperatures.D.They knew it would take

11、long to gather enough emperor penguins for the Penguin Encounter。3。Why do emperor penguins have little to fear on the ice?A。It is easy to see their enemies on the white ice.B.Their enemies usually hunt in the water。C.They can easily escape on the smooth ice.D。It is too cold for other animals to surv

12、ive on the ice。4.The passage mainly emphasizes_.A.scientists working as a team in the AntarcticB。a science team finding a way to stop global wanningC.how to protect the emperor penguins at Sea WorldD。scientists building a special home to learn more about the emperor penguins閱讀理解（32）From the moment y

13、ou open your eyes in the morning, you can feel sweat （汗水)running down your body， even if youre barely moving at all. Thats what most people in China felt like this summer. In fact, the entire northern hemisphere（半球 )saw high temperatures in July. The Arctic Circle（北極圈) was no exception（例外)。 Temperat

14、ures in the city of Norilsk, which is in the Arctic Circle, reached a record high of 32 , The Atlantic reported。 Temperatures there are usually just 10 at this time of the year。The heat wave in the Arctic is mainly a longterm result of global warming， according to the Chinese Academy of Meteorologic

15、al Sciences。 In fact， while the whole world is getting warmer， the Arctic is warming twice as fast as the rest of the planet。 This is called the polar amplification effect（極地放大效應）.The most direct impact（影響） of Arctic warming is the melting of Arctic ice。 According to NASA， Arctic sea ice is now disa

16、ppearing at a rate of 13.2 percent every 10 years。 NASA said that if this continues, the Arctic will have no ice by the year 2040. This has put some Arctic animals, like polar bears， in danger。 The ice that the bears live on has shrunk（縮小), the Toronto Star reported。Melting ice can also cause sea le

17、vels to rise in the long term。 Since 1993, sea levels have risen at a rate of 3.2 cm every 10 years, the Guardian reported. Some countries， such as Tuvalu（圖瓦魯) in the South Pacific Ocean and Maldives（馬爾代夫） in the Indian Ocean， are at risk of disappearing into the sea.1. Which of the following is tru

18、e？A。 Some countries in the ocean will disappear in 10 years。B。 China is the hottest in the northern hemisphere this summer.C。 The temperatures in Norilsk used to be lower than this summer.D。 The world gets warmer because of the heat wave in the Arctic。2。 What does the underlined word ”this” in the t

19、hird paragraph refer to?A. The heat wave in the Arctic B。 The result of global warmingC。 Getting warmer in the world D。 The Arctic getting warm faster3。 What may be the result of the melting of Arctic ice？A。 The polar will become dangerous B。 Sea levels rise in the long termC. There will be an end o

20、f water shortage D。 There will be no ice in the world by 20404。 What is the main idea of this passage？A。 Heat hits Arctic B. Arctic animals are in dangerC. The world became hotter than before D. Some countries may disappear into the sea閱讀理解（33）Why are photos and videos of cats high-fiving suddenly p

21、opping up on social media？Ask Jackson Galaxy, who launched Cat Pawsitive last year, a program that encourages animal shelters to teach cats how to do tricks to make them more attractive for adoption。The idea is simple. A kitty that can sit on command or give a high five shows that it can listen to i

22、nstructions and connect with others。 A high five can make a shy cat open up， Galaxy said.“Big life changes can lead to cats losing their confidence, and we help those cats to feel more confident and to feel safe interacting with new people?！?Christie Rogero， program manager for Cat Pawsitive, said.A

23、nd Stephen Holdeman， training manager at the KC Pet Project， added： “All we need to train a cat to do tricks is the right amount of patience， timing and motivation。 He uses a technique called “operant conditioning (操作性條件反射), which associates a cats action with getting a reward such as a favorite foo

24、d or treat.He also uses a clickera training device that makes a clicking noise. “In the initial stage， we get the cat used to the idea that when it hears the sound of the clicker， one of its favorite treats appears。 After we have bridged these two ideas together we can use the clicker to reinforce d

25、ifferent actions the cat does to let it know that if it repeats the action， it will get a treat.”After several repetitions， the cat starts to link everything together. Now all you need to do is let your extended hand be the target, and weve got a high five.1。According to the text， how can learning t

26、ricks benefit cats at animal shelters?A.It is a good way for shelters to raise money.B。It allows them to pick up skills to stay safe.C.It helps them interact more with each other.D。It helps them build confidence and get adopted.2。According to the text, what should be done from the start to train cat

27、s to learn tricks？A。Teaching them different actions。B.Teaching them how to use a clicker。C.Making them patient enough to repeat actions。D。Helping them connect the sound of a clicker with treats.3.What does the underlined word “reinforce” in paragraph 6 probably mean？A.recordB.strengthenC.ignoreD.rew

28、ard4.What is the main purpose of the article？A。To explain how to train cats to perform tricks。B。To show how cats are treated at animal shelters.C.To describe the popularity of cats on social media.D。To inform us of a program that trains cats to do tricks.閱讀理解（34）The majority of people on this planet

29、 live through ego（自我意識）. They feel that they are themselves special， apart from the crowd in some way. Also， they arent willing to acknowledge other peoples specialness, and feel that they are threatened by the people who are different from them。Besides, there are many different exclusive clubs whic

30、h people join under certain conditions， like Colour of skin clubs, Sports clubs， and so on。 What many people fail to acknowledge, however, is that there is in fact only one club The Human Being club.Our diversity is what makes life interesting. I love watching people who dance or create music beauti

31、fully, draw out emotions through their acting skills， or are accomplished athletes. I also understand myself well enough to know that I dont have enough passion for any of these things to make the sacrifices necessary to come close to their level of excellence.I believe that it is human nature to co

32、mmunicate and cooperate with people who are like us, but what a lot of people see as like us is narrowed down to very superficial（表面） characteristics. I remember my Jamaican friends sister being most put out。 She had been the only black woman in her company and then another black woman was employed。

33、 They were automatically put to work together because they were both black and obviously had a lot in common so thought the employer! The truth was that they had nothing in common, didnt come from the same country and actively disliked each other. Its always a mistake to assume anything on a purely

34、superficial basis.I have many friends who are members of a variety of the above mentioned clubs and each one of them has taught me so much about different cultures and life styles， and has enriched my life in the process. I encourage anyone to strike up a conversation with someone who doesnt look li

35、ke them - you might be surprised at exactly how much you have in common.1。According to the first two paragraphs people tend to _。A.feel they are specialB.feel they are lack of egoC.admit others are specialD.admit only one club exist2.How is the Paragraph 3 mainly developed?A。By analyzing causes。B。By

36、 setting an example。C.By giving a description.D。By making comparisons.3.The author mentioned his Jamaican friends sister to show _。A.black women have a lot in common indeedB.it is human nature to cooperate with peopleC.people understand “l(fā)ike us” in a narrow wayD.people often make mistakes in judgin

37、g others4.What does the author advise people to do in the last paragraph？A.To enrich their own life。B。To join an exclusive club.C.To talk to different people.D。To experience different life。閱讀理解（35）People generally like to feel happy， but achieving a state of happiness takes time and effort. Aekyoung

38、 Kim of Rutgers University in the U.S. and Sam Maglio of the University of Toronto Scarborough in Canada have conducted four studies in which they studied how the pursuit of happiness as well as the state of being happy influenced peoples perception (看法） of time。In the studies, some participants wer

39、e either instructed to list things that would make them happier or asked to try to make themselves feel happy while watching a boring movie about building bridges, thus showing happiness as a goal to pursue。 The other participants came to think of happiness as a goal that they had already accomplish

40、ed, achieved by watching a comedy or listing things showing that they were already happy. Afterwards， all participants reported how much free time they felt they had。The researchers main finding showed that a persons perception of time scarcity （缺乏） is influenced by their pursuit of （often unattaina

41、ble) happiness. The feeling that time was scarce became less strong for participants who said that they had attained their goal of being happy to some degree.“Time seems to disappear during the pursuit of happiness, but only when its seen as a goal requiring continued pursuit， explain the researcher

42、s. “This finding suggests that the pursuit of happiness can destroy well-being?！?According to the researchers, the finding implies that while happiness can hurt positive emotions, it need not necessarily do so. Instead, if someone believes they have achieved happiness, they are left with the time to

43、 appreciate this. The research further explains that people have different concepts about happiness, which in turn may well influence how they perceive the time they have to achieve happiness.“Because going through experiences and sharing feelings require more time compared with only, for example， b

44、uying material goods, feeling that time is lacking also leads people to prefer material possessions rather than enjoying pleasant experiences, the researchers continue. “Encouraging people to worry less about pursuing happiness as a neverending goal might just end up giving them more time and， in tu

45、rn， more happiness?！?。The tasks given to the two groups of participants differ in _。A。how they spent their free timeB.how they drew up shopping listsC。what kind of movies interested themD.whether they had acquired happiness2。We can infer from the finding in Paragraph 4 that _。A.happiness is determin

46、ed by timeB。happiness is a matter of choiceC。happiness is a neverending goalD.happiness can hurt positive emotions3.Which of the following would be the best title of the text?A。Will timesaving tasks make you happier？B。Is emotion management training necessary?C。Can pursuing happiness make you unhappy

47、?D。Should you express your unhappiness in hard times？閱讀理解（36)A cultures values can be mirrored by its humor。Humor has been evaluated by many great minds such as Thomas Hobbes,who disliked humor，”Laughter is nothing else but sudden glory arising from some sudden thought of feeling far better than oth

48、ers.He thought humor to be a negative quality of human narrowmindedness。However, Mordechai Gordon,PhD of Education,insists,”Humor allows us to view the world from an angle that is amusing rather than serious.I agree with Gordon.Learning to look at the world through humour is important.In the United

49、States，every four years an election occurs.Without humor as a way to express their feelings，how else would Americans keep from clawing their eyes out and going the way of lemming? Television shows like“The Daily Show”have become important parts of American culture。They are mothering the masses by me

50、taphorically airplaneing politics into our mouths.They make politics fun.Of course，politics is only one type of humor.Social humor helps people through the twists andturns of the human condition.American pop culture promotes an unhealthy self-image。On the topic of self-image，Hari Kondabolu stands ou

51、t。He has a joke about the popular musical group“The Pussycat Dolls”,describing their hit songDont Cha”as a negative representation of women.He points out an obvious offence in American culture.A study from Loyola University of Maryland has shown that humor is one determining factor for selecting a m

52、ating partner.Amongst other things，mates look for an outstanding funny bone in apotential partner.Of course,humor is not always used for good purposes。Humor can be linked to vulgarity and racism,but,like everything else，it has potential to unite human beings by allowing us to laugh at ourselves,our

53、failures and our connection with one another.Though life may seem tough and depressing at times，all I have to do is look in the mirror at my increased wrinkles to know that there is a comedy out there that even Chaplin wasnt aware of.With that in mind,remember to laugh with humanity and sometimes at

54、 humanity。1.Hobbes believed that humor_.A。was only a way to laugh at others to make oneself feel betterB.resulted in narrowmindedness of human beingsC.had the power to mirror personal glory and national valuesD.was for people to view the world from another angle2。What is the authors attitude towards

55、 political humor？A.Worried.B.Disappointed。C.Curious.D.Appreciative。3。The fourth paragraph is developed mainlyA.by exampleB.by processC。by comparisonD。by classification4。What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?A。Chaplin wasnt aware of being laughed at。B。The author feels helpless and sad about

56、getting older.C.Never be the one who laughs at other people.D.The author is determined to face life with a sense of humor。閱讀理解（37）Sharks use their good sense of smell to search for prey(獵物)。 But a new study shows that the rising levels of carbon dioxide in the ocean could reduce sharks ability to fi

57、nd food。 Its bad news for a healthy ocean。 Sharks are top predators(掠食動物) and are like the oceans weed controllers. Dixson works at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in Massachusetts。 Her earlier work has shown that clown fish in acidifying(酸化的) water act strangely. “We want to expand this re

58、search to sharks because we know how important it is for sharks to find their food through their sense of smell,” said Dixson. Her team started by placing sharks in each of three different pools for five days. Each pool had a different level of carbon dioxide in it. The first had the same amount as

59、today s ocean water. The second had a level of carbon dioxide that scientists expect to reach by 2050. The third pool had the highest level of carbon dioxide that could develop by the year 2100. Sharks werent allowed to eat any food while in the pools. This made sure that they would be hungry. Then，

60、 Dixson released the sharksone at a timeinto a pool with two sidebyside streams of flowing water。 In one stream， the researchers pumped water, in which a dead squid had been overnight. This water smelled strongly of squid. The other stream contained ocean water with no scent（氣味)。 Because each stream