2022年高二英語暑假作業(yè)2 選擇性必修第三冊(cè) Unit 3-4

1、暑假作業(yè)2 選擇性必修第三冊(cè) Unit 34一、單詞拼寫1. Without the_(改革) of the economic management system our industry will rot.2. During the war we had just enough food to_ (維持) us. 3. He failed to _ (抓住) the opportunity during the job interview. 4. Some roads may have to be closed at peak times to _ (限制) the number of vi

2、sitors. 5. He_(提交) his proposal for urban development to the city council at the conference. 6. Every time I mention her, you become very_ (敏感的).7. The submarine that our country has put into use is driven by_ (核能的) power. 8. After the failure of the electricity supply the city was in_ (混亂). 9. If y

3、ou do this, youll almost always meet your_ (年度的)goal. 10. We advocate peaceful development, _ (和諧的) development and scientific development. 11. She has met the minimum educational requirements for q_(資質(zhì)).12. The audience cheered him e_ (熱情地).13. The professor a_ four chapters for this week. (布置了)14.

4、 How I dress up can have an impact on my c_(公司的) image.15. The d _ (潮濕的) weather causes damage machines.16. Apart from the r_(娛樂) center we also have a health club on the second floor.17. A growing number of people support the argument that it is c_ (殘忍的) of human beings to train animals to perform

5、tricks for amusement.18. Though he is in his fifties, he seems never to lose his youthful v_(活力).19. The main reason why I like this piece of f_(家具) that it suits the style of my house. 20. B_(蝙蝠) play an important role in the ecosystem, especially in controlling insects at night, but they are also

6、carriers of some deadly viruses. 二、單句語法填空1. Consequently, some viewers began to turn away _cinemas, leading to a slower growth. 2. If you are serious about our relationship, you should make a _(commit). 3. The value and impact of _(motive) goes beyond our social circle and existence. 4. Though some

7、of the questions seem unfamiliar to me, they are easy _(answer). 5. Alone in a strange city, without friends and money, he fell _despair. 6. It is very pleasant for him to travel and to try out and explore _is new. 三、題型組合練閱讀理解In order to help discover spoilage(變質(zhì)) and reduce food waste for supermark

8、ets and consumers, researchers have developed new low-cost, smart phone-linked, eco-friendly spoilage sensors for meat and fish packaging.One in three UK consumers throw away food just because it reaches the use-by date(保存期), but 60%(4.2 million tonnes)of the 12.5 billion-worth of food we throw away

9、 each year is safe to eat.The researchers, whose findings were published in ACS Sensors, say the sensors could also eventually replace the use-by date-a widely used indicator of being fresh and eatable.The sensors cost two US cents each to make. Known as “paper-based electrical gas sensors(PEGS)”, t

10、hey detect spoilage gases like ammonia(a poisonous gas with a strong unpleasant smell)in meat and fish products. The information provided by the electronic nose is received by a smart phone, and then you can know whether the food is fresh and safe to eat.The Imperial College London researchers who d

11、eveloped PEGS made the sensors by printing carbon electrodes(電極) onto a special type of paper. The materials are eco-friendly and harmless, so they dont damage the environment and are safe to use in food packaging. The sensors, combined with a tiny electronic system, then inform nearby mobile device

12、s, which identify and understand the data about spoilage gases.Lead author Dr Firat Guder,of Imperials Department of Bioengineering, said, “Although theyre designed to keep us safe, use-by dates can lead to eatable food being thrown away. They dont always reflect its actual freshness. In fact, peopl

13、e often get sick from foodborne diseases due to poor storage, even when an item is within its use-by date.“These sensors are cheap enough so we hope to see supermarkets using them within three years. Our goal is to use PEGS in food packaging to reduce unnecessary food waste.”The authors hope that PE

14、GS could have applications beyond food processing, like sensing chemicals in agriculture, air quality,and detecting disease markers in breath like those involved in kidney disease.1. What is the function of PEGS according to the text?A. To improve the service of stores.B. To help supermarkets store

15、foods.C. To improve the taste of food products.D. To help people test food freshness.2. What role does the smartphone play while PEGS are functioning?A. It acts as an electronic nose.B. It reads the data collected by PEGS.C. It discovers the spoilage gases from foods.D. It helps print the gas sensor

16、s onto paper.3. What does Dr Firat Guder say about use-by dates?A. They are not completely reliable.B. They can help reduce food waste.C. They are not accepted by consumers.D. They are based on scientific research.4. What does the author mainly talk about in the text?A. The process of researching sp

17、oilage sensors.B. A new technology in packaging to reduce food waste.C. Use-by dates influence on supermarkets and consumers.D. The application of spoilage sensors beyond food processing.完形填空Molai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village lay near some wetlands which became his second _1_. He

18、learned the value and beauty of _2_ there from a very young age.When he was 16, Molai began to notice something _3_ happening around his home. A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the _4_ it caused had driven away a number of birds. _5_, the number of snakes had declined as well. He _6_ th

19、at it was because there werent enough trees to protect them from the _7_. The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek _8_ during the daytime. He turned to the _9_ department for help but was told that nothing would grow there. However, Molai went looking on his own and _10_

20、 a nearby island where he began to plant trees._11_ young plants in the dry season was _12_ for a lone boy. Molai built at the _13_ of each sapling(幼樹)a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to _14_ rainwater. The water would then drip(滴落)on the plants below.Molai _15_ to pl

21、ant trees for the next 37 years. His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally-grown land that has become home to many plants and animals.1. A. dreamB. jobC. homeD. choice2. A. natureB. youthC. cultureD. knowledge3. A. preciousB. interestingC. disturbingD. awkward4. A. wasteB. tensionC. pain

22、D. damage5. A. BesidesB. HoweverC. ThereforeD. Otherwise6. A. agreedB. realizedC. rememberedD. predicted7. A. noiseB. heatC. diseaseD. dust8. A. directionsB. partnersC. helpD. shelter9. A. laborB. policeC. forestD. finance10. A. rebuiltB. discoveredC. leftD. managed11. A. DecoratingB. ObservingC. Wa

23、teringD. Guarding12. A. toughB. illegalC. fantasticD. beneficial13. A. backB. topC. footD. side14. A. cool downB. keep offC. purifyD. collect15. A. returnedB. learnedC. failedD. continued七選五How to Do Man-on-the-Street InterviewsThe man-on-the-street interview is an interview in which a reporter hits

24、 the streets with a cameraman to interview people on the spot. _1_ But with these tips, your first man-on-the-street interview experience can be easy.When your boss or professor sends you out to do man-on-the-street interviews for a story, think about the topic and develop a list of about ten genera

25、l questions relating to it. For example, if your topic is about environmental problems in America, you might ask, “Why do you think environmental protection is important in America?” _2_Hit the streets with confidence. _3_ Say, “Excuse me, I work for XYZ News, and I was wondering if you could share

26、your opinion about this topic.” This is a quick way to get people to warm up to you.Move on to the next person if someone tells you she is not interested. Dont get discouraged._4_ Each interview that you get on the street shouldnt be longer than ten minutes. As soon as you get the answer you need, m

27、ove on to the next person. Make sure that as you go from interview to interview, you are getting a variety of answers. If everyone is giving you the same answer, you wont be able to use it. A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten. _5_If your news station or school requires intervi

28、ewees to sign release forms to appear on the air, dont leave work without them.A. Limit your time.B. As you approach people, be polite.C. If you dont own a camera, you can buy one.D. For new reporters, this can seem like a challenging task.E. To get good and useful results, ask them the same questio

29、n.F. That number of interviews should give you all the answers you need.G. With a question like this, you will get more than a “Yes” or “No” reply.答案與解析一、單詞拼寫【答案】1. reform 2. sustain 3. seize 4. restrict 5. submitted 6. sensitive 7. nuclear 8. chaos 9. annual 10. harmonious 11. qualification 12. ent

30、husiastically 13. assigned 14. corporate 15. damp 16. recreation 17. cruel 18. vigor 19. furniture 20. Bats【解析】1. 考查名詞。句意：沒有經(jīng)濟(jì)管理體制的改革，我們的工業(yè)就會(huì)腐爛。根據(jù)漢語提示“改革”和定冠詞“the”可知，應(yīng)填名詞reform。此處表抽象概念，不可數(shù)。故填reform。2. 考查動(dòng)詞。句意：戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間，我們的食物僅夠維持生活。根據(jù)漢語提示“維持”和空前的“to”可知，應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞原形sustain和to構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞不定式，作目的狀語。故填sustain。3. 考查動(dòng)詞。句意：他未

31、能在求職面試中抓住這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)。根據(jù)漢語提示可知，seize抓住，動(dòng)詞，符合題意；fail to do sth.未能做某事，固定搭配，所以空處需用動(dòng)詞原形。故填seize。4. 考查動(dòng)詞。句意：一些道路可能不得不在高峰時(shí)間關(guān)閉，以限制游客數(shù)量。根據(jù)漢語提示可知，restrict限制，動(dòng)詞，符合題意，空處使用了動(dòng)詞不定式，作目的狀語，因有動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to，所以空處需用動(dòng)詞原形。故填restrict。5. 考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：他在會(huì)議上向市議會(huì)提出了城市發(fā)展的建議。根據(jù)漢語提示“提交”可知，應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞submit作謂語，此處陳述過去發(fā)生的事情，使用一般過去時(shí)。故填submitted。6. 考查形容詞。

32、句意：每次我提到她，你就變得很敏感。根據(jù)漢語提示可知，sensitive敏感的，形容詞作表語，符合題意。故填sensitive。7. 考查形容詞。句意：我國(guó)已投入使用的潛艇是由核動(dòng)力驅(qū)動(dòng)的。根據(jù)漢語提示“核能的”和空后的“power”可知，應(yīng)填形容詞nuclear作定語修飾名詞。故填nuclear。8. 考查名詞。句意：電力供應(yīng)中斷后，城市一片混亂。根據(jù)漢語提示“混亂”以及空格前的介詞in可知，此處應(yīng)用名詞chaos，不可數(shù)名詞，作介詞賓語，in chaos“一片混亂”是固定短語。故填chaos。9. 考查形容詞。句意：如果你這樣做，你幾乎總能實(shí)現(xiàn)你的年度目標(biāo)。根據(jù)漢語提示可知，annual年

33、度的，形容詞作定語修飾名詞goal，符合題意。故填annual。10. 考查形容詞。句意：我們主張和平發(fā)展、和諧發(fā)展、科學(xué)發(fā)展。根據(jù)漢語提示可知，harmonious和諧的，形容詞作定語修飾名詞development，符合題意。故填harmonious。11. 考查名詞。句意：她已滿足資質(zhì)的最低學(xué)歷要求。分析句子可知，設(shè)空處為介詞for的賓語，應(yīng)用名詞，故填qualification。12. 考查副詞。句意：觀眾熱情地為他歡呼。根據(jù)首字母以及漢語提示“熱情地”可知，此處應(yīng)該填副詞作狀語。故填enthusiastically。13. 考查謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：教授這周布置了四章。根據(jù)漢語提示“布置了”

34、可知，此處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞assign，分析句子可知，本句時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)使用動(dòng)詞過去式assigned。故填assigned。14. 考查形容詞。句意：我的穿著打扮會(huì)影響到我的公司形象。分析句子可知，設(shè)空處修飾名詞image作定語，應(yīng)用形容詞形式，故填corporate。15. 考查形容詞。句意：潮濕的天氣會(huì)損壞機(jī)器。根據(jù)中文提示“潮濕的”以及后面的名詞weather可知，此處應(yīng)該填形容詞作定語修飾名詞weather。故填damp。16. 考查名詞。句意：除了娛樂中心，我們?cè)诙沁€有一個(gè)健身俱樂部。分析句子可知，設(shè)空處用來修飾名詞作定語，可以用娛樂的名詞，故填recreation。17.

35、 考查形容詞。句意：越來越多的人認(rèn)為人類訓(xùn)練動(dòng)物表演雜技取樂是殘忍的。it is+形容詞+of sb. to do sth.“某人做某事是”，故設(shè)空處應(yīng)填形容詞。根據(jù)中英文提示及句意，故填cruel。18. 考查名詞。句意：雖然他已經(jīng)五十多歲了，但他似乎從未失去過青春活力。分析可知空格處是lose的賓語，且其前有形容詞youthful，故空格處填名詞，根據(jù)首字母及漢語提示可知是名詞vigor，vigor是抽象名詞，不可數(shù)。故填vigor。19. 考查名詞。句意：我喜歡這件家具的主要原因是它適合我的房子的風(fēng)格。furniture家具，為不可數(shù)名詞。根據(jù)中英文提示，故填furniture。20.

36、考查名詞。句意：蝙蝠在生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中扮演著重要的角色，尤其是在夜間控制昆蟲方面，但它們也是一些致命病毒的攜帶者。分析可知空格處是句子的主語，結(jié)合漢語及首字母提示可知是名詞“bat”，謂語是復(fù)數(shù)形式play，故主語也用復(fù)數(shù)形式，句首單詞首字母大寫。故填Bats。二、單句語法填空【答案】1. from 2. commitment 3. motivation 4. to answer 5. into 6. whatever【解析】1. 考查介詞和固定搭配。句意：因此，一些觀眾開始遠(yuǎn)離電影院，導(dǎo)致增長(zhǎng)放緩。turn away from意為“遠(yuǎn)離”，為固定搭配。故填from。2. 考查名詞。句意：如果你認(rèn)真

37、對(duì)待我們的關(guān)系，你應(yīng)該做出承諾。根據(jù)句意及空前的make a可知，此處應(yīng)填入名詞作賓語，commit的名詞形式為commitment(承諾)，make a commitment表示“做出承諾”，故填commitment。3. 考查名詞。句意：動(dòng)機(jī)的價(jià)值和影響超越了我們的社交圈和存在。在介詞of后應(yīng)用名詞作賓語。名詞motivation意為“動(dòng)機(jī)”。故填motivation。4. 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：雖然有些問題我不熟悉，但很容易回答。be+形容詞+ to do。根據(jù)句意，故填to answer。5. 考查介詞和固定搭配。句意：在一個(gè)陌生的城市里，沒有朋友，沒有錢，他陷入了絕望。fall in

38、to意為“陷入”，為固定搭配。根據(jù)“Alone in a strange city, without friends and money”可知，fall into符合語境。故填into。6. 考查賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意：對(duì)他來說，旅行、嘗試和探索任何新鮮事物都是一件非常愉快的事情。分析句子可知，位于動(dòng)詞explore后，此處是一個(gè)賓語從句，賓語從句中缺少主語，且表示“無論什么”，要用引導(dǎo)詞whatever。故填whatever。三、題型組合練閱讀理解【答案】1-4 DBAB【解析】本文為科普類說明文。為了測(cè)定食物的新鮮度和減少食物浪費(fèi)，研究人員開發(fā)了一種新的低成本智能和環(huán)保的肉類和魚類包裝變質(zhì)

39、傳感器，希望它能很快地投入使用，并且應(yīng)用于更廣泛的領(lǐng)域。1. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段In order to help discover spoilage(變質(zhì)）and reduce food waste for supermarkets and consumers, researchers have developed new low-cost, smart phone-linked, eco-friendly spoilage sensors for meat and fish packaging(為了幫助超市和消費(fèi)者發(fā)現(xiàn)食物變質(zhì)并減少食物浪費(fèi)，研究人員開發(fā)了一種新的低成本、連接智能手機(jī)、環(huán)

40、保的肉類和魚類包裝變質(zhì)傳感器)可知，PEGS是用來幫助人們測(cè)試食物的新鮮度減少食物浪費(fèi)的，故選D。2. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段The information provided by the electronic nose is received by a smart phone, and then you can know whether the food is fresh and safe to eat(通過電子鼻提供的信息被智能手機(jī)接收，然后你就可以知道食物是否新鮮和安全。)可知智能手機(jī)會(huì)在PEGS運(yùn)行時(shí)讀取由它收集的數(shù)據(jù)，故選B。3. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段Although they

41、re designed to keep us safe, use-by dates can lead to eatable food being thrown away. They dont always reflect its actual freshness(雖然它們的設(shè)計(jì)是為了保護(hù)我們的安全，但食用日期可能導(dǎo)致可食用的食物被扔掉。它們并不總是反映真實(shí)的新鮮度)可知，F(xiàn)irat Guder博士認(rèn)為，使用日期并不完全可靠，故選A。4. 主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其第一段In order to help discover spoilage(變質(zhì)) and reduce food waste fo

42、r supermarkets and consumers, researchers have developed new low-cost, smart phone-linked, eco-friendly spoilage sensors for meat and fish packaging.(為了幫助發(fā)現(xiàn)變質(zhì)和減少超市和消費(fèi)者的食品浪費(fèi)，研究人員開發(fā)了新的低成本、連接智能電話、環(huán)保的肉類和魚類包裝變質(zhì)傳感器)可推斷，本文介紹了一種新型減少食物浪費(fèi)的包裝變質(zhì)傳感新技術(shù)，有望取代靠使用日期來斷定食物的新鮮度，故選B。完形填空【答案】1-5 CACDA 6-10 BBDCB 11-15 CAB

43、DD【解析】這是一篇記敘文。Molai在印度的一個(gè)小村莊長(zhǎng)大。16歲的時(shí)候，一場(chǎng)洪水導(dǎo)致他的家園遭受巨大損失。樹木的缺乏導(dǎo)致這些動(dòng)物失去了遮蔽物，很多鳥兒離開，蛇類數(shù)量減少。Molai決定改變這一切，他經(jīng)過努力，在附近找到了一個(gè)小島，開始種樹。在30多年的時(shí)間里，他的努力使1360英畝的天然土地成為許多動(dòng)植物的家園。1. 考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這個(gè)村莊位于一些濕地附近，那里成了他的第二個(gè)家。A. dream夢(mèng)想；B. job工作；C. home家；D. choice選擇。根據(jù)空前的second可知，他出生的村莊是他的家，村莊附近的一些“濕地”成為了他的第二個(gè)“家”。故選C。2. 考查名詞詞義

44、辨析。句意：他從小就在那里了解到了大自然的價(jià)值和美麗。A. nature自然；B. youth青春，年輕；C. culture文化；D. knowledge知識(shí)。濕地展現(xiàn)了“大自然”的價(jià)值和美。故選A。3. 考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：16歲時(shí)，Molai開始注意到他的家周圍發(fā)生了一些令人不安的事情。A. precious寶貴的；B. interesting有趣的；C. disturbing令人不安的，引起煩惱的；D. awkward尷尬的，笨拙的。該段后半部分提到：洪水侵襲，很多鳥兒離開，蛇的數(shù)量減少。這些情況都不正常，令人不安。故選C。4. 考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：那年早些時(shí)候，一場(chǎng)洪水襲擊

45、了這個(gè)地區(qū)，洪水造成的損害趕走了很多鳥類。A. waste廢物；B. tension緊張；C. pain疼痛，痛苦；D. damage損害，傷害。洪水侵襲這個(gè)地區(qū)，它會(huì)“損害”莊稼、樹木，這些都會(huì)導(dǎo)致鳥兒們離開。故選D。5. 考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：此外，蛇的數(shù)量也減少了。A. Besides此外，另外；B. However但是；C. Therefore因此；D. Otherwise否則。根據(jù)as well可知，洪水不僅導(dǎo)致很多鳥兒離開。而且，它還導(dǎo)致蛇的數(shù)量減少。故選A。6. 考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他意識(shí)到這是因?yàn)闆]有足夠的樹來保護(hù)它們免受炎熱的影響。A. agreed同意；B. real

46、ized意識(shí)到；C. remembered記住，記起；D. predicted預(yù)測(cè)。Molai“意識(shí)到”鳥兒離開、蛇類減少是因?yàn)闆]有足夠的樹木。故選B。7. 考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他意識(shí)到這是因?yàn)闆]有足夠的樹來保護(hù)它們免受炎熱的影響。A. noise噪音；B. heat熱；C. disease疾??；D. dust塵土。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，樹木可以提供陰涼，從而保護(hù)鳥類和蛇類免受炎熱的影響。故選B。8. 考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)然，解決的辦法是種樹，這樣動(dòng)物們就可以在白天尋找棲身之處。A. directions方向；B. partners伙伴，合作伙伴；C. help幫助；D. shelter遮蔽

47、，庇護(hù)，遮蔽物。樹木可以給動(dòng)物們提供“遮蔽”。故選D。9. 考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他向森林部門求助，但被告知那里什么也不長(zhǎng)。A. labor勞動(dòng)；B. police警察；C. forest森林；D. finance財(cái)政，金融。根據(jù)前一句中的“The solution, of course, was to plant trees”可知，Molai想要種樹，所以他應(yīng)該向“森林”部門求助。故選C。10. 考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，Molai自己去看了看，發(fā)現(xiàn)了附近的一個(gè)島嶼，他開始在那里種樹。A. rebuilt重建；B. discovered發(fā)現(xiàn)；C. left離開；D. managed設(shè)法

48、做成。根據(jù)前面的“l(fā)ooking on his own”可知，他自己去看，那么接下來就應(yīng)該是他“發(fā)現(xiàn)”了一個(gè)小島。故選B。11. 考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：對(duì)一個(gè)孤獨(dú)的男孩來說，在旱季給幼苗澆水是很困難的。A. Decorating裝飾；B. Observing觀察到；C. Watering澆水；D. Guarding守衛(wèi)。該段后半部分?jǐn)⑹龅氖荕olai想盡辦法收集水的努力。再結(jié)合該句中的“the dry season”可知，在旱季給幼苗“澆水”很難。故選C。12. 考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：對(duì)一個(gè)孤獨(dú)的男孩來說，在旱季給幼苗澆水是很困難的。A. tough困難的；B. illegal非法的；C

49、. fantastic極好的；D. beneficial有益的。根據(jù)該段后半部分的敘述可知，Molai想盡辦法收集雨水，由此推知，旱季缺水，給幼苗澆水很“難”。故選A。13. 考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Molai在每棵樹苗的頂端都搭建了一個(gè)竹子平臺(tái)，在那里他放置了帶有小洞的陶罐來收集雨水。A. back背部；B. top頂端；C. foot腳；D. side一邊，一側(cè)。根據(jù)該段最后一句“The water would then drip on the plants below”可知，水滴在下面的植物上。由此推知，竹子平臺(tái)應(yīng)該在每棵樹苗的“頂端”。故選B。14. 考查動(dòng)詞(短語)辨析。句意：Molai在每棵樹苗的頂端都搭建了一個(gè)竹子平臺(tái)，在那里他放置了帶有