書面表達(dá)“句子成分”梳理主語課件-高三英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)

1、書面表達(dá)“句子成分”梳理主語*本節(jié)知識(shí)學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo): 1.系統(tǒng)掌握什么詞、什么結(jié)構(gòu)可以在句中充當(dāng)主語。 2.使用各類結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí)有哪些注意事項(xiàng)。*本節(jié)知識(shí)學(xué)習(xí)的關(guān)鍵: 1.在書面表達(dá)時(shí)能準(zhǔn)確使用主謂結(jié)構(gòu)（中心是主謂一致）。主謂結(jié)構(gòu)是句子的核心，主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的準(zhǔn)確使用與否是高考書面表達(dá)能否得高分的關(guān)鍵之所在。 2.注意前后章節(jié)語法的聯(lián)系。培養(yǎng)書面表達(dá)的準(zhǔn)確性。一、主語的概念表示句子描述的是“誰”或是“什么”。是謂語陳述的對(duì)象。二、可以用作主語的成分（一）名詞、代詞作主語：1.北京是一個(gè)歷史名城。 Beijing_ a famous_ city.2.她是一個(gè)既善解人意又考慮周到的人。 _ _a perso

2、n who_ both_ and _.3.太陽給我們以光和熱。 The sun_ us light and_.4.水是人類賴以生存之物。 Water_ what humans_ _ to live in the world.5.他的建議聽起來很有道理。 His advice_ quite_. is historicalShe is is understandingconsiderategives heatis rely onsounds reasonable6.這是你的看法，我的看法和你的大不一樣。 _ _ only your opinion. _ _ quite different from

3、 yours.7.我們都自尊自愛，自信自強(qiáng)。 _ _love and_ ourselves. Besides, _ _ _ self-confident and self-reliant.8.功夫不負(fù)有心人。 Nothing_ _to a willing heart.9.有志者事竟成。 Where there_ a will, there_ a way.10.我和湯姆都是體育運(yùn)動(dòng)的愛好者。 _ _ _ _ _sports lovers.This is Mine isWe all respect we are allis impossibleis isTom and I are both11.連

4、你的好朋友，我，都不贊同你的觀點(diǎn)。 I, who_ your close friend, _ approve of your point of view.12.環(huán)保你我他，責(zé)任在大家。 _, _ and_ _ all responsible for environmental protection.13.下面是我的建議。 _ _ _ my suggestions.14.大量的水需要用來灌溉。 Large quantities of water_ _ for irrigation.15.在我們國家，每一個(gè)男孩和每一個(gè)女孩都有接受教育的權(quán)利。 In our country every boy an

5、d every girl_ the right _ _ education.am dontYou he I areThe following are are neededhas toreceive16當(dāng)時(shí)，除了湯姆和邁克以外，沒有人在那兒。 No one_ Tom and Mike_ there then.17.你的衣服和褲子不太相配。 Your clothes_ _ your trousers quite well.18.這些貨物將被送往國外。 _ _ _ going to be sent abroad.19.A singer and dancer _ coming to our party

6、 tonight. A singer and a dancer _ coming to our party tonight. A knife and fork_ laid on the table. A cart and horse_ seen in the distance then.20.Those who _ (want) to go may go right now. He who _(not reach) the Great Wall _(not be) a true man.but wasdont matchThese goods areisareiswaswantdoesnt r

7、eachisnt21.Tom is one of the boys who_(show) a great interest in English. Tom is the only one of the boys who _ (show) a great interest in English.22.On the grass _(lie) a small boy. On the wall _(hang) two pictures.23.The students each _(have) an English-Chinese dictionary. Each of the students _(h

8、ave) an English-Chinese dictionary.注意事項(xiàng)：1.單數(shù)名詞、代詞和不可數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；復(fù)數(shù)名詞、代詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 showshowslieshanghavehas2.人稱代詞作主語用主格形式。第一人稱單數(shù)“I”作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用am(過去式用was)，第二人稱主語無論單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞一律用are(過去式用were)。3.指示代詞this/that為單數(shù)概念(用單數(shù)謂語)，these/those為復(fù)數(shù)概念(用復(fù)數(shù)謂語)。4.不定代詞something/anything/everything/nothing作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用

9、單數(shù)。5.用and或both.and.連接的并列主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，但如果表示同一個(gè)人或物，則用單數(shù)謂語。此外，如果并列主語之前分別有each/every/many a (不只一個(gè))修飾，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。6.定語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于先行詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。 7.由with/ along with/ together with/ as well as/ but/except/ besides/ including/like等連接的并列主語， 謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)要和第一個(gè)主語保持一致。8.由either.or./neither.nor./ whether.or./ not only.but

10、also./not just.but./not.but.等連接的并列主語，謂語動(dòng)詞要和靠近它的主語一致。9.倒裝句中，謂語動(dòng)詞要和其后的主語保持一致。10.“The following”作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于表語的單復(fù)數(shù)。11.“A large quantity of +可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)”，用復(fù)數(shù)謂語；“A large quantity of +不可數(shù)名詞”，用單數(shù)謂語；“l(fā)arge quantities of +可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞”，謂語動(dòng)詞一律用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 12.只有主語才影響謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)，同位語不影響謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。13.一些只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞(clothes/tro

11、users/glasses/scissors/goods/thanks/regards/congratulations)作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。14.第一人稱總是放在其他人稱之后。當(dāng)一二三人稱同時(shí)做主語時(shí)，其排列順序?yàn)?-3-1人稱。 (二)數(shù)詞作主語：1.他們當(dāng)中有三個(gè)人是新到的。 Three of them_ new-comers.2.第二個(gè)更加漂亮。 The second_ more beautiful.3.二加三等于五。Two plus/and three_ five. areisis/makes4.二乘以三等于六。 Two times/by three_ _ _ six. =

12、Two threes_ _ _ six.5.這兒四分之三的人口都靠打魚為生。 Three quarters of the population here_ _ fishing.6.百分之五十的水用于灌溉。 Fifty percent of the water_ _ for irrigation.注意事項(xiàng)：1.在算式運(yùn)算中表示數(shù)目字的主語通常當(dāng)單數(shù)看待。2.由“分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”構(gòu)成的詞組作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)要根據(jù)名詞的可數(shù)與不可數(shù)而定。 is equal toare equal tolive byis needed(三)“The + adj. / 分詞” 作主語：1.在我們國家老人隨時(shí)

13、隨地都得到很好的照顧。 In our country, _ _ _ well cared for whenever and wherever.2.新事物必須代替舊事物。 _ _ _ sure to take the place of the old.3.真理必將最終戰(zhàn)勝邪惡。 _ _ _ sure to overcome the evil in the end.4.富人一般不容易滿足。 Generally, _ _ _ not easily satisfied.5.活著的人要完成那些死去的人未完成的事業(yè)。 _ _ _to finish the work of the dead.6.殘疾人不應(yīng)該

14、被瞧不起。 _ _ _ not to be looked down upon. the old areThe new isThe true isthe rich areThe living areThe disabled are注意事項(xiàng)： 這種結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí)，如果表示一類人，用復(fù)數(shù)謂語；如果表示一類物，用單數(shù)謂語。(四)不定式和動(dòng)名詞作主語：1.生活就是斗爭。_ _ _ to struggle./ _ _ struggling.2.眼見為實(shí)。_ _ _ to believe./ _ _ believing.3.幫助別人其實(shí)就是在幫助我們自己。 To help others_ in fact to

15、 help ourselves./Helping others_ in fact helping ourselves.注意事項(xiàng)： 這種結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，而且要注意和表語的對(duì)稱性。To live isLiving isTo see isSeeing isisis（五）主語從句作主語：1.失去的東西可能永遠(yuǎn)失去。 What is lost_ likely to be lost forever.2.What I actually need_your advice. What I actually need_ some English books.3.我們所需要的就是持續(xù)不斷的水的供應(yīng)

16、。 What we_ _ a continuous supply of water.4.她來不來都不要緊。 _ she will come or not_ of no matter/_ matter.4.無論誰最后離開都應(yīng)該關(guān)燈。 _ _ last_ to turn off the light.5.這是誰的過失應(yīng)該弄清楚。 Whose fault_ _ _ to be made clear.isisareneed isWhether is doesntWhoever leaves isit is is6.他何時(shí)到達(dá)還不敢肯定。 _ _ _ _ is still uncertain.注意事項(xiàng)：1

17、.這種結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，但what引導(dǎo)的主語從句，主句謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)常取決于表語的單復(fù)數(shù)。2.名詞性從句一律用陳述句語序。（六）形式主語：1.對(duì)他來講學(xué)好英語不是一件易事。 _ _ not an easy thing for her_ _ English well.2.向她求助是沒用的。 _ _ no use_ her for help.When he will arriveIt is to learnIt is asking3.我打電話時(shí),他碰巧不在家。 _ _ _ he was not in when I rang him up.4.據(jù)說這家餐館味道不錯(cuò)。 _ _ _ _

18、 the food served in this restaurant is quite tasty.注意事項(xiàng)：1.不定式、動(dòng)名詞和主語從句做主語時(shí)，為了避免頭重腳輕，一般用it作形式主語，而把真正的主語后置。2.“Its no use/need/good/help.”句型中，it替代的是動(dòng)名詞(doing)。3.在“It is. for/of sb.”句型中，it替代的是不定式(to do)。It happened thatIt is said that 考 題 精 選下列各句中均有1-2處錯(cuò)誤，請(qǐng)改正。1.The wounded has been taken to hospital.2.W

19、hoever come first will get a free ticket.3.A knife and fork are laid on the table.4.This is very comfortable to live in this room.5.Take a walk after supper every day make one live longer.6.We each agrees with what he have said.7.I am the only one of the members who are against the decision.havecome

20、sisItTakingmakesagreehasis8.South of the city flow a river, which have been heavily polluted so far.9.Many a boy and many a girl are left in the classroom doing cleaning.10.This suit of clothes really match this pair of trousers.11.Plenty of regard and congratulations is given to John who has won a Nobel Prize in literature.12.The number of friends invited were fifty but a number of them was absent for various reasons.flowshasismatchesregardsarewaswere13.The police is s