功能翻譯論講座_第1頁(yè)
功能翻譯論講座_第2頁(yè)
功能翻譯論講座_第3頁(yè)
功能翻譯論講座_第4頁(yè)
功能翻譯論講座_第5頁(yè)
已閱讀5頁(yè),還剩54頁(yè)未讀, 繼續(xù)免費(fèi)閱讀

下載本文檔

版權(quán)說(shuō)明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請(qǐng)進(jìn)行舉報(bào)或認(rèn)領(lǐng)

文檔簡(jiǎn)介

1、功能翻譯論講座第1頁(yè),共59頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,14點(diǎn)48分,星期一1.What is functionalist translation theory? 定義1:功能翻譯理論,又稱(chēng)“功能目的論”(Skopos theory,Skopos 是希臘詞,意為“aim”或“purpose”),核心是: 根據(jù)譯文語(yǔ)境,原文中的哪些內(nèi)容或成分可以保留,哪些需調(diào)整或改寫(xiě),該由譯文的預(yù)期功能確定。 (方夢(mèng)之主編:譯學(xué)詞典,上海外語(yǔ)教育出版社,第29頁(yè)) 定義2:Skopos theory (pluralSkopos theories) is the idea that translating and

2、 interpreting should primarily take into account the function of both the source and target text. (Paul Kussmaul, Training The Translator, 1995, John Benjamins Publishing Co, p. 149) 功能目的理論與變譯 Skopos Theory and Adaptation第2頁(yè),共59頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,14點(diǎn)48分,星期一定義3:德國(guó)翻譯學(xué)者Nord將其定義為:“Functionalist means focusin

3、g on function or functions of texts and translation. (Nord,1997)”。 翻譯的“功能主義”就是將關(guān)注點(diǎn)放在文本領(lǐng)域發(fā)生的一種或多種功能,以傳達(dá)信息為目的,而較少關(guān)注翻譯的情感意義和美學(xué)意義。狹義而言,它特指以德國(guó)“功能主義目的論”為核心的功能派翻譯理論。廣義而言,凡是用功能主義研究方法而產(chǎn)生的多種理論都屬于功能翻譯理論范疇。定義歸納第3頁(yè),共59頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,14點(diǎn)48分,星期一For example:漢語(yǔ):專(zhuān)賣(mài)店 (不同的專(zhuān)賣(mài)店有不同的英語(yǔ)詞)女裝專(zhuān)賣(mài)店-Boutique 海爾專(zhuān)賣(mài)店-Haier Outlet福特汽車(chē)

4、專(zhuān)賣(mài)店-Ford Car Exclusive AgencyFunctions Determines Translation第4頁(yè),共59頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,14點(diǎn)48分,星期一 “功能目的論”源于行為理論,認(rèn)為翻譯是一種在既定場(chǎng)合發(fā)生的目的行為,是言語(yǔ)和非言語(yǔ)交際符號(hào)向另一種語(yǔ)言的轉(zhuǎn)換。翻譯的成功與否決定于欲達(dá)到的目的是否完成,講究翻譯目的不是對(duì)等,而是目的的完備性,是譯文在譯語(yǔ)環(huán)境中預(yù)期達(dá)到的一種或幾種功能。”(Nord,2001)定義歸納第5頁(yè),共59頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,14點(diǎn)48分,星期一 功能目的論認(rèn)為,對(duì)等翻譯只是翻譯多種形式的一種,每個(gè)文本為某個(gè)目的所產(chǎn)生,并應(yīng)該服

5、務(wù)于該目的。譯文的接受者是決定翻譯目的的重要因素之一。根據(jù)不同情況有不同的目的法則。這些法則來(lái)自翻譯要求,它是由發(fā)起人( initiator)(也可能是譯者本人)給定的。任何翻譯都是面對(duì)意向受眾,翻譯的要求和目的規(guī)定著需要什么樣的翻譯,而原文只是一種信息源。定義歸納第6頁(yè),共59頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,14點(diǎn)48分,星期一 中國(guó)改革報(bào)第二版一篇介紹張家界國(guó)家森林公園的原文和譯文片斷,原文的信息被歪曲,翻譯目的就達(dá)不到。請(qǐng)看:漢語(yǔ): 張家界國(guó)家森林公園簡(jiǎn)介湖南張家界國(guó)家森林公園是1982年經(jīng)國(guó)務(wù)院批準(zhǔn)成立的中國(guó)第一個(gè)國(guó)家森林公園。1992年因奇特的石英砂巖大峰林質(zhì)地貌被聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織列入世

6、界遺產(chǎn)名錄。原譯文: The Short Guide To Zhangjiajie National Forest ParkZhangjiajie was approved as the first national Forest park of China in 1982, by the state Congress of China and was listed in the Directory of World Heritage by UNESCO for its quartzite sandstone landform in 1992.翻譯的要求與目的經(jīng)常未達(dá)到第7頁(yè),共59頁(yè),202

7、2年,5月20日,14點(diǎn)48分,星期一 譯文的劃線部分都有誤。這樣的英語(yǔ)譯文對(duì)張家界國(guó)家公園的旅游必然帶來(lái)多少不良影響。連“國(guó)務(wù)院”這樣的重要名稱(chēng)也亂一通。 “中國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院” (the State Council) 錯(cuò)譯成 the state Congress,世界遺產(chǎn)名錄( World Heritage List)錯(cuò)譯成 the Directory of world heritage第8頁(yè),共59頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,14點(diǎn)48分,星期一 Nord認(rèn)為,功能翻譯理論學(xué)派,除了“功能目的論”以外,還應(yīng)包括持有相同觀點(diǎn),認(rèn)同翻譯中功能作用的其他流派,雖然他們并沒(méi)有稱(chēng)自己是功能翻譯學(xué)派。(No

8、rd,1997)可見(jiàn),凡是以語(yǔ)言功能研究為出發(fā)點(diǎn)的翻譯理論,都可置于功能翻譯理論的框架內(nèi)。其中頗具影響的有英國(guó)翻譯學(xué)家Newmark 的“功能分類(lèi)說(shuō)”和美國(guó)翻譯學(xué)家Nida的“功能對(duì)等論”。功能翻譯理論強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)言的功能作用,對(duì)以傳達(dá)信息為主的商貿(mào)類(lèi)文本翻譯具有較強(qiáng)的指導(dǎo)意義。“功能翻譯理論” 與“功能目的論”第9頁(yè),共59頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,14點(diǎn)48分,星期一 商務(wù)部副部長(zhǎng)在國(guó)務(wù)院新聞發(fā)布會(huì)上講話節(jié)選 多雙邊經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系及區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)合作進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。 中國(guó)與世界上絕大多數(shù)國(guó)家(地區(qū))保持著良好的經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系,與主要經(jīng)濟(jì)體及周邊國(guó)家(地區(qū))、發(fā)展中國(guó)家的經(jīng)貿(mào)合作進(jìn)一步深化。 Further prog

9、ress has been made in bilateral and multilateral economic and trade relations as well as regional economic cooperation. China has maintained excellent economic and trade links with the overwhelming majority of countries (regions) and its economic and trade cooperation with major economies and its ne

10、ighboring countries (regions) has been further deepened. 第10頁(yè),共59頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,14點(diǎn)48分,星期一信息不對(duì)等 原文的主題已知:中國(guó)多雙邊經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系及區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)合作進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。譯文的主題完全丟失 Further progress has been made in bilateral and multilateral economic and trade relations as well as regional economic cooperation.改譯:China has made more progress in

11、 bilateral and multilateral economic and trade relations as well as regional economic cooperation.第11頁(yè),共59頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,14點(diǎn)48分,星期一信息不對(duì)等 中國(guó)與世界上絕大多數(shù)國(guó)家(地區(qū))保持著良好的經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系,與主要經(jīng)濟(jì)體及周邊國(guó)家(地區(qū))、發(fā)展中國(guó)家的經(jīng)貿(mào)合作進(jìn)一步深化。 China has maintained excellent economic and trade links with the overwhelming majority of countries (reg

12、ions) and its economic and trade cooperation with major economies and its neighboring countries (regions) has been further deepened.第12頁(yè),共59頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,14點(diǎn)48分,星期一 The functional approach has a great affinity with Skopos theory. The function of a translation is dependent on the knowledge, expectati

13、ons, values and norms of the target readers, who are again influenced by the situation they are in and by the culture. These factors determine whether the function of the source text or passages in the source text can be preserved or have to be modified or even changed. How are functions involved?第1

14、3頁(yè),共59頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,14點(diǎn)48分,星期一 1971年德國(guó)的萊斯(K. Reiss)首先提出“把翻譯行為所要達(dá)到的特殊目的”作為翻譯評(píng)價(jià)的新模式。 1984年她在與費(fèi)米爾(H. J. Vermeer)合寫(xiě)的General Foundation of Translation Theory一書(shū)中聲稱(chēng):譯者在整個(gè)翻譯過(guò)程中的參照系不應(yīng)是“對(duì)等”翻譯理論所注重的原文及其功能,而應(yīng)是譯文在譯語(yǔ)文化環(huán)境中所預(yù)期達(dá)到的一種或若鐘交際功能。 20世紀(jì)90年代初,德國(guó)學(xué)者克利斯蒂安諾德(Christiane Nord)進(jìn)一步拓展了譯文功能理論。她強(qiáng)調(diào)譯文與原文的聯(lián)系,但這種聯(lián)系的質(zhì)量與數(shù)量由譯

15、文的預(yù)期功能確定。2.The Formation of Skopos Theory第14頁(yè),共59頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,14點(diǎn)48分,星期一 功能目的理論的兩項(xiàng)基本原則是: 1. 翻譯各方面的交互作用受翻譯目的所決定; 2. 目的隨接受對(duì)象的不同而變化。按照這兩項(xiàng) 原則,譯者可以為了達(dá)到目的而采用任何他自己認(rèn)為適當(dāng)?shù)姆g策略。換句話說(shuō),目的決定方式(The end justifies the means)。例如: 第15頁(yè),共59頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,14點(diǎn)48分,星期一 中國(guó)認(rèn)真履行加入世貿(mào)組織的各項(xiàng)承諾,對(duì)外開(kāi)放不斷擴(kuò)大。同時(shí)積極參加世貿(mào)組織新一輪談判,為完善多邊貿(mào)易體制發(fā)揮了

16、建設(shè)性作用。近期以來(lái),已有新西蘭、南非等9個(gè)國(guó)家正式宣布承認(rèn)中國(guó)的完全市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位,為中國(guó)與這些國(guó)家經(jīng)貿(mào)合作的開(kāi)展創(chuàng)造了更為有利的條件。 China has seriously implemented its WTO commitments and continuously opened up. At the same time, we are active in participating in the new round of WTO negotiation and playing a constructive role for the improvement of the multila

17、teral trading system. Not long ago, 9 countries including New Zealand, Singapore, and South Africa have formally declared that they recognized Chinas full market economy status, which has created more favorable conditions for the economic and trade cooperation between China and these countries.違背功能目

18、的論的翻譯第16頁(yè),共59頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,14點(diǎn)48分,星期一 中國(guó)認(rèn)真履行加入世貿(mào)組織的各項(xiàng)承諾,對(duì)外開(kāi)放不斷擴(kuò)大。 China has seriously implemented its WTO commitments and continuously opened up.認(rèn)真 - seriously? vigorously (目的決定翻譯方式)不斷擴(kuò)大 - continuously opened up?(這個(gè)翻譯方式?jīng)]有表達(dá)“對(duì)外開(kāi)放不斷擴(kuò)大” China has vigorously implemented its commitments for its entry int

19、o WTO and has kept opening wider to the outside world.第17頁(yè),共59頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,14點(diǎn)48分,星期一 (誰(shuí)?)同時(shí)積極參加世貿(mào)組織新一輪談判,為完善多邊貿(mào)易體制發(fā)揮了建設(shè)性作用。 At the same time, we are active in participating in the new round of WTO negotiation and playing a constructive role for the improvement of the multilateral trading system. C

20、hina has also cordially attended the new round of WTO negotiations, playing a constructive role for improving the multilateral trade system.第18頁(yè),共59頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,14點(diǎn)48分,星期一 近期以來(lái),已有新西蘭、南非等9個(gè)國(guó)家正式宣布承認(rèn)中國(guó)的完全市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位,為中國(guó)與這些國(guó)家經(jīng)貿(mào)合作的開(kāi)展創(chuàng)造了更為有利的條件。 Not long ago, 9 countries including New Zealand, Singapore, and

21、South Africa have formally declared that they recognized Chinas full market economy status, which has created more favorable conditions for the economic and trade cooperation between China and these countries.改后半句: , creating more favorable conditions for China to have economic and trade cooperation

22、 with these countries. 第19頁(yè),共59頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,14點(diǎn)48分,星期一提示: 近期以來(lái) = not long ago? recently 宣布承認(rèn)= have declared they recognized? declared their recognition of Chinas full market economy status 新西蘭、南非等9個(gè)國(guó)家 = 9 countries including New Zealand, Singapore, and South Africa? 9 countries such as New Zealand,

23、 South Africa第20頁(yè),共59頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,14點(diǎn)48分,星期一 作為受文化制約的語(yǔ)言符號(hào),原文語(yǔ)篇和譯文語(yǔ)篇受到各自交際環(huán)境的影響,譯文功能與原文功能可相似或保持一致,也可能完全不同。根據(jù)不同的語(yǔ)境因素和預(yù)期功能,選擇最佳的處理方法,這是功能翻譯理論比以對(duì)等為基礎(chǔ)的翻譯理論或極端功能主義的翻譯理論更為優(yōu)越之處。翻譯功能理論指導(dǎo)下的翻譯方法表現(xiàn)出較大的靈活性,較高的科學(xué)性和易操作性。Gideon Toury(原特拉維夫大學(xué)教授) 把“功能目的論”看作是“譯文文本中心論”的翻版。Advantages of Skopos Theory第21頁(yè),共59頁(yè),2022年,5月2

24、0日,14點(diǎn)48分,星期一 The Skopos theory, an approach to translation put forward by Hans Vermeer and developed in Germany in the late 1970s, oriented a more functional and sociocultural concept of translation. Translation is considered not as a process of translation, but as a specific form of human action.

25、The following examples can tell us why it is an action:1. 小心滑倒 - Carefully Slide(西南大學(xué)賓館客房?jī)?nèi))2.洗澡時(shí)小心滑倒 - Pay Attention to Your Step while Taking Bath (浙江某市花園山莊客房?jī)?nèi))3.不在公共場(chǎng)合袒胸赤膊 - Do not wear clothes exposing the neck or shoulders in public places參考:1. 小心滑倒 - Caution! Wet (Slippery) Floor2.洗澡時(shí)小心滑倒 - Cau

26、tion! Wet (Slippery) Floor3.不在公共場(chǎng)合袒胸赤膊 - Dress yourself decently in public placesYou can see, the original translation and the revised are different in actions. 3.What Is Skopos Theory about?第22頁(yè),共59頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,14點(diǎn)48分,星期一 In Skopos theory, one of the most important factors determining the purpose

27、of a translation is the intended receiver or audience of the target text with their language. The theory focuses on the purpose of the translation, which determines the translation methods and strategies to be employed in order to produce a functionally adequate result. For example: 航友賓館 - Hang You

28、Hotel (上海虹橋機(jī)場(chǎng))(航友,就是“航空之友”,翻譯就是傳遞這個(gè)信息) Vermeer regards it as an “offer of information” for the target audience. From this view, the status of the source is clearly much lower in Skopos theory than the equivalence theory.第23頁(yè),共59頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,14點(diǎn)48分,星期一 The main idea of Skopos theory is that translat

29、ors should hold the thought from the perspective of the target readers during translation. Therefore, translators should bear in mind what the function of translation text is, what the target readers demand is and even what communicative situation is. Finally, the choice of translation strategies is

30、 decided by the purpose of the translation text, in order to achieve a better function text. 第24頁(yè),共59頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,14點(diǎn)48分,星期一 嚴(yán)禁攜帶易燃易爆物品進(jìn)站乘車(chē)1. No carrying combustibles and explosive in metro (上海百盛附近的地鐵站) 2. Bring combustibles and explosives into the station and on board is strictly prohibited. (上海中山

31、公園地鐵站內(nèi))3. Inflammable explosive and dangerous articles are forbidden.(杭州火車(chē)站內(nèi))4. Hazardous goods are strictly prohibited taken into on train. (上?;疖?chē)站內(nèi))四種譯法,哪個(gè)實(shí)現(xiàn)了功能?第25頁(yè),共59頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,14點(diǎn)48分,星期一No Entry of Hazardous Goods into the Station or on the TrainAnother example may tell us more:原文:女生宿舍,男生莫入譯

32、文:Female Students OnlyPurposes Determine Translation Strategies第26頁(yè),共59頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,14點(diǎn)48分,星期一 The three main rules are: skopos rule, coherence rule and fidelity rule. 1.Skopos Rule (目的規(guī)則) The top-ranking rule for any translation is thus the skopos rule, which means that a translation action is det

33、ermined by its skopos; that is, the end justifies the means” by Reiss and Vermeer. Vermeer also stresses on many occasions that the skopos rule is a general rule, and translation strategies and methods are determined by the purpose and the intended function of the target text. Three Rules of Skopos

34、Theory第27頁(yè),共59頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,14點(diǎn)48分,星期一Careful Motion Gate Watch For the Mobile Gate第28頁(yè),共59頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,14點(diǎn)48分,星期一2.Coherence Rule (連貫規(guī)則)The coherence rule states that the target text must be interpretable as coherent with the target text receivers situation. In other words, the target text must be

35、 translated in such a way that it is coherent for the target text receivers, given their circumstances and knowledge. In terms of coherence rule, the source text is no longer of most authority but only part of the translation beliefs. It is only an offer of information for the translator, who in tur

36、n picks out what he considers to be meaningful in the receivers situation.Three Rules of Skopos Theory第29頁(yè),共59頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,14點(diǎn)48分,星期一3. Fidelity Rule(忠實(shí)規(guī)則) Translation is a preceding offer of information. It is expected to bear some relationship with the corresponding source text. Vermeer calls thi

37、s relationship intertextual coherence or fidelity. This is postulated as a further principle, referred to as the fidelity rule by Reiss and Vermeer in 1984. The fidelity rule merely states that there must be coherence between the translated version and the source text Three Rules of Skopos Theory第30

38、頁(yè),共59頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,14點(diǎn)48分,星期一4.The Relationship among the Rules Fidelity rule is considered subordinate to coherence rule, and both are subordinate to the skopos rule. If the skopos requires a change of function, the criterion will no longer be fidelity to the source text but adequacy or appropriate

39、ness with regard to the skopos. And if the skopos demands intra-textual incoherence, the standard of coherence rule is no longer vivid.(忠實(shí)規(guī)則服從連貫規(guī)則,兩者又都服從目的規(guī)則)Relationship among the Rules第31頁(yè),共59頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,14點(diǎn)48分,星期一No Littering 第32頁(yè),共59頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,14點(diǎn)48分,星期一 Skopos theory reflects a general shi

40、ft from predominantly LINGUISTIC and rather formal translation theories to a more functionally and socioculturally oriented concept of translation. This shift drew inspiration from communication theory, action theory, text linguistics and text theory, as well as from movements in literary studies to

41、wards reception theories(接受理論). Apart from Hans Vermeer, the founder of skopos theory, other scholars working in the paradigm include Margret Ammann (1989/1990), Hans Hnig and Paul Kussmaul (1982), Sigrid Kupsch-Losereit (1986), Christiane Nord (1988) and Heidrun Witte (1987a).Skopos Theory Is a The

42、orical Shift第33頁(yè),共59頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,14點(diǎn)48分,星期一 Skopos theory takes seriously factors which have always been stressed in action theory, and which were brought into sharp relief with the growing need in the latter half of the twentieth century for the translation of non-literary text types. 第34頁(yè),共59頁(yè),20

43、22年,5月20日,14點(diǎn)48分,星期一 In the translation of scientific and academic papers, instructions for use, tourist guides, contracts, etc., the contextual factors surrounding the translation cannot be ignored. These factors include the culture of the intended readers of the target text and of the client who h

44、as commissioned it, and, in particular, the function of the text is to perform in that culture for those readers. Skopos theory is directly oriented towards this function.第35頁(yè),共59頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,14點(diǎn)48分,星期一 Translation is viewed not as a process of transcoding, but as a specific form of human action. L

45、ike any other human action, translation has a purpose. Skopos must be defined before translation can begin; in highlighting skopos, the theory adopts a prospective attitude to translation, as opposed to the retrospective attitude adopted in theories which focus on prescriptions derived from the sour

46、ce text. In addition to its purpose, any action has an outcome. The outcome of translational action is a translatum (Vermeer 1979:174), a particular variety of target text.Translation is an action第36頁(yè),共59頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,14點(diǎn)48分,星期一 According to skopos theory, translation is the production of a function

47、ally appropriate target text based on an existing source text, and the relationship between the two texts is specified according to the skopos of the translation. One practical consequence of this theory is a reconceptualization of the status of the source text. It is up to the translator as the exp

48、ert to decide what role a source text is to play in the translation action. The translator is required to act consciously in accordance with the skopos, and skopos must be decided separately in each specific case. A functionally appropriate target text第37頁(yè),共59頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,14點(diǎn)48分,星期一 “變譯理論”是黃忠廉教授200

49、2年在其專(zhuān)著變譯理論(中國(guó)對(duì)外翻譯出版公司)中首次提出的。改書(shū)第五章第三節(jié)中的定義是:“所謂變譯,指譯者根據(jù)特定條件下特定讀者的特殊需求,采用增、減、編、述、縮、并、改等變通手段攝取原作有關(guān)內(nèi)容的翻譯活動(dòng)”。 (黃忠廉,1965年生于湖北,黑龍江大學(xué)(俄漢)翻譯學(xué)教授/博士,博導(dǎo),兼任華中師范大學(xué)翻譯學(xué)博導(dǎo)。1987、1990、2005年分獲華中師大、武漢大學(xué)、華中師大文學(xué)學(xué)士、碩士和博士學(xué)位,1999-2000公派赴白俄羅斯語(yǔ)言大學(xué)翻譯系訪問(wèn),05年進(jìn)入黑龍江大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)言文學(xué)博士后流動(dòng)站,07年入選“2007年教育部新世紀(jì)優(yōu)秀人才支持計(jì)劃”。現(xiàn)為教育部重點(diǎn)研究基地黑龍江大學(xué)俄語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言文學(xué)研究中

50、心主任。) 變譯理論Translation Variation Theory 第38頁(yè),共59頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,14點(diǎn)48分,星期一 學(xué)術(shù)專(zhuān)著有翻譯本質(zhì)論、翻譯變體研究、變譯理論、俄漢翻譯開(kāi)發(fā)教程、科學(xué)翻譯學(xué); 合著或參編有中國(guó)科學(xué)翻譯史、翻譯名家研究、俄漢成語(yǔ)雙解詞典等七部; 合譯知識(shí)分子與革命等三部; 主編翻譯理論與實(shí)務(wù)叢書(shū)科學(xué)翻譯研究卷(共十本,由中國(guó)對(duì)外翻譯出版公司)。 、科學(xué)翻譯學(xué)、翻譯變體研究、譯文觀止等(中國(guó)對(duì)外翻譯出版公司2000、2002、2004、2007年);翻譯本質(zhì)論、俄漢翻譯開(kāi)發(fā)基礎(chǔ)(華中師范大學(xué)出版社2000、2007年)。其中科學(xué)翻譯學(xué)2007年入選中國(guó)

51、出版集團(tuán)千卷本經(jīng)典名著“中國(guó)文庫(kù)”。 黃忠廉的學(xué)術(shù)成績(jī)第39頁(yè),共59頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,14點(diǎn)48分,星期一 在國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)術(shù)期刊和學(xué)術(shù)會(huì)議上發(fā)表學(xué)術(shù)論文140余篇,其中在外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究、當(dāng)代語(yǔ)言學(xué)、現(xiàn)代外語(yǔ)、外語(yǔ)學(xué)刊、中國(guó)翻譯、解放軍外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)、中國(guó)科技翻譯、外語(yǔ)教學(xué)、語(yǔ)言與翻譯、辭書(shū)研究、修辭學(xué)習(xí)、外語(yǔ)與外語(yǔ)教學(xué)、外語(yǔ)研究、外語(yǔ)界、中國(guó)俄語(yǔ)教學(xué)、上??萍挤g、外語(yǔ)電化教學(xué)、國(guó)外外語(yǔ)教學(xué)、四川外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)、福建外語(yǔ)、外語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言文學(xué)、外語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言文學(xué)研究、俄語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言文學(xué)研究、天津外語(yǔ)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)、科技術(shù)語(yǔ)研究、華中師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)等二十余家核心期刊上發(fā)表譯學(xué)論文70篇。 學(xué)術(shù)論文第40頁(yè),共59頁(yè)

52、,2022年,5月20日,14點(diǎn)48分,星期一 19982003年間主持國(guó)家社科基金項(xiàng)目?jī)身?xiàng)(“變譯理論研究”和“漢譯詞匯規(guī)范問(wèn)題研究”),教育部基金項(xiàng)目?jī)身?xiàng)(“俄漢翻譯開(kāi)發(fā)教程”,“漢譯句法規(guī)范問(wèn)題研究”),教育部重大項(xiàng)目一項(xiàng)(“漢語(yǔ)句法機(jī)制與漢外互譯(全譯 變譯)本質(zhì)探索”)、湖北省基金項(xiàng)目一項(xiàng)(“翻譯測(cè)試研究”)、學(xué)校基金項(xiàng)目?jī)身?xiàng)(“翻譯變體研究”)?!白冏g理論研究”(99BYY009),“漢譯詞匯規(guī)范問(wèn)題研究”(02BYY012);教育部3項(xiàng):“漢語(yǔ)句法機(jī)制與漢外互譯” (全譯 + 變譯)本質(zhì)探索(02JAZJD740016),“漢譯句法規(guī)范問(wèn)題研究”(0JC40006),“俄漢翻譯開(kāi)

53、發(fā)教程”;湖北省2項(xiàng);美國(guó)舊金山大學(xué)資助項(xiàng)目一項(xiàng)。 科研項(xiàng)目第41頁(yè),共59頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,14點(diǎn)48分,星期一黃忠廉教授提出了變譯的四大特征:1.變譯是對(duì)“人”字的大寫(xiě)。變譯中直接或間接涉及到兩個(gè)“人”,一個(gè)是譯者,另一個(gè)是讀者。2.變譯是對(duì)全譯的異化,即指對(duì)同一原作通過(guò)改變其中某些要素(如內(nèi)容和形式,使其譯作最終與其完整的譯作不相似或不同。3.變譯是對(duì)原作的部分否定。是應(yīng)讀者之需對(duì)原作否定的過(guò)程,原作的肯定因素是其符合讀者要求的內(nèi)容,否定因素則是不符合讀者要求的內(nèi)容。4.變譯是對(duì)原作價(jià)值的凸顯。譯者改變的是原作的價(jià)值,突出的是使用價(jià)值。變譯的四大特征第42頁(yè),共59頁(yè),2022

54、年,5月20日,14點(diǎn)48分,星期一 變譯通俗地講是變通加翻譯,或變后翻譯,或譯后再變,或變譯交融。變譯都突出了一個(gè)“變”,都圍繞一個(gè)“變”字。宏觀上:1)異化全譯觀念已“變”; 2)否定原作信息有“變”; 3)凸顯內(nèi)容價(jià)值在“變”;微觀上:4)特殊需求決定了“變”; 5)譯者操作促成了“變”; 6)為讀者對(duì)原作施“變”; 7)攝取戰(zhàn)略規(guī)約了“變”; 8)變通手段展示了“變”; 9)信息集約結(jié)果在“變”;變譯的本質(zhì)第43頁(yè),共59頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,14點(diǎn)48分,星期一原文: Californians and New Englanders are both American. They

55、 speak the same language and abide by the same federal laws. They are very different in their ways of life. Mobility both physical and psychological has made a great impression on the culture of Californians; lack of mobility is the mark of the customs and morality of New Englanders.句群的變譯第44頁(yè),共59頁(yè),2

56、022年,5月20日,14點(diǎn)48分,星期一 加利福尼亞人和新英格蘭人都是美國(guó)人。他們說(shuō)同樣的語(yǔ)言,遵守同樣的聯(lián)邦法律。但是,他們的生活方式卻大不相同。加利福尼亞人的文化特點(diǎn)是易變好動(dòng),包括身體上和心理上的;不好活動(dòng)是新英格蘭人的習(xí)慣和道德特征。 Californians and New Englanders are both American. They speak the same language and abide by the same federal laws. They are very different in their ways of life. Mobility both

57、physical and psychological has made a great impression on the culture of Californians; lack of mobility is the mark of the customs and morality of New Englanders.譯文1:第45頁(yè),共59頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,14點(diǎn)48分,星期一 加利福尼亞人和新英格蘭人同是美國(guó)人。說(shuō)同一語(yǔ)言,守同一法律,其生活方式卻不同;前者易變好動(dòng),后者墨守成規(guī)。 Californians and New Englanders are both Americ

58、an. They speak the same language and abide by the same federal laws. They are very different in their ways of life. Mobility both physical and psychological has made a great impression on the culture of Californians; lack of mobility is the mark of the customs and morality of New Englanders.譯文2:第46頁(yè)

59、,共59頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,14點(diǎn)48分,星期一1.相似之處:從理想中的翻譯走向現(xiàn)實(shí)中的翻譯。 功能目的論和變譯理論學(xué)者,不約而同地將目光鎖定在“現(xiàn)實(shí)的翻譯”上,從下列六方面進(jìn)行了殊途同歸的理論探索:1)對(duì)翻譯本質(zhì)的再思考;2)對(duì)原文的重新定位;3)對(duì)忠實(shí)對(duì)等觀的質(zhì)疑;4)對(duì)譯者和接受者的重視;5)對(duì)翻譯目的的強(qiáng)調(diào);6)翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和翻譯策略的多元化。 功能目的論和變譯理論的異同點(diǎn) 第47頁(yè),共59頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,14點(diǎn)48分,星期一 功能目的論者認(rèn)為,翻譯是以原文為基礎(chǔ),按照委托人的翻譯指令(包括目標(biāo)文本的具體情景、讀者要求、接受時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、媒介等)創(chuàng)作一個(gè)符合翻譯預(yù)期目的和

60、功能文本的活動(dòng),并將翻譯概念擴(kuò)大為“翻譯行動(dòng)”(translational action)。 該術(shù)語(yǔ)將翻譯研究的對(duì)象擴(kuò)大為各種類(lèi)型的跨文化傳遞。翻譯就被視為新的、原創(chuàng)信息的交流,而不是用一種公認(rèn)的形式給譯語(yǔ)讀者提供與原文“同樣的”信息。變譯理論的先行者周兆祥先生從實(shí)踐的角度,對(duì)翻譯傳統(tǒng)提出質(zhì)疑。傳統(tǒng)的翻譯觀認(rèn)為,將原文逐字逐句逐段翻譯出來(lái),才算是名正言順的翻譯,但在新的歷史階段中,根據(jù)需要而定的“改寫(xiě)、編譯、節(jié)譯、譯寫(xiě)、改編”等也是很好的翻譯方法,因此,需要根據(jù)現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的時(shí)代,轉(zhuǎn)變翻譯觀,轉(zhuǎn)變翻譯態(tài)度和方法。 “變譯理論”的提出者黃忠廉先生的理論則可以看作在上述變譯翻譯觀萌芽基礎(chǔ)上的進(jìn)一步延續(xù)

溫馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有資源如無(wú)特殊說(shuō)明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請(qǐng)下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
  • 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請(qǐng)聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁(yè)內(nèi)容里面會(huì)有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒(méi)有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒(méi)有圖紙。
  • 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文庫(kù)網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲(chǔ)空間,僅對(duì)用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理,對(duì)用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對(duì)任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
  • 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請(qǐng)與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
  • 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時(shí)也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對(duì)自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。

最新文檔

評(píng)論

0/150

提交評(píng)論