內(nèi)容讀寫(xiě)3quizz相關(guān)coherence and

1、Coherence and CohesionWarm-up activityRevision of thesis statement & introductionSentence ordering exercise in groupsExamine how coherence and cohesion are achieved in this text (see handout)What is Coherence? How meanings and sequences of ideas relate to each other logicallyGeneral specific;Stateme

2、nt example; Problem solution; Question answer; Claim counter-claim What is Cohesion ?Use cohesive devices (grammatical and lexical links) that connect one part of a text to anotherRepetition of key wordsUse of synonymsPronouns (it, this, etc.)Logical connectives (because, therefore, in addition, how

3、ever, etc.)Difference between coherence and cohesionHard to separate the twoCoherencethe text making sense as a whole at an ideas levelCohesiongrammatical and lexical links at a language levelHow to build incoherence & cohesionWhen sentences, ideas, and details fit or tie together clearly, logically

4、, and smoothly, the writing is coherent, and readers can follow along easily. Establish the links that readers need by using cohesive devices.Repetition of a key term or phraseThe problem with contemporary art is that it is not easily understood by most people. Contemporary art is deliberately abstr

5、act, and that means it leaves the viewer wondering what she is looking at. This helps to focus your ideas and to keep your reader on track. Synonyms Myths narrate sacred histories and explain sacred origins. These traditional narratives are, in short, a set of beliefs that are a very real force in t

6、he lives of the people who tell them. Provide some variety in your word choicesHelp the reader to stay focused on the idea being discussed Pronouns This, that, these, those, he, she, it, they, we, such Refer back to something previously mentioned. When scientific experiments do not work out as expec

7、ted, they are often considered failures until some other scientist tries them again. Those that work out better the second time around are the ones that promise the most rewards. *Make sure that what you are referring to is clear.Pronoun consistencyIf we dont have a try, how do you know the conseque

8、nce?The opinion Randy wanted to transfer to us was mainly about how to lead your life.we should enrich oneself. We should learn professional knowledge very well. When we graduate from the school and have a job interview, what the company most care about is your competence. She sets a good example fo

9、r us on how to get the most that you can out of every instant.Pronoun referencewhen confronting troubles or obstacles, we often want to avoid the pain of the consequences. These people just hope that Airship, with a longer history than airplane, is a controllable form of aerostat, whichis a “l(fā)ighter

10、-than-air” aircraft that uses buoyancy force.What does “which” stand for? Airship or aerostat?Pronoun referenceThe editor sorted some typical essays concerning several kinds of music technology. Some of them have been widely applied while others are still experimental. They introduced many interesti

11、ng examples and ideas behind them about how creative musicians and sonic scientists continuously applying new technical innovation to electronic music in a creative way.Transitional words and phrasesListing: first, second, thirdReinforcement: also, in addition, furthermoreGiving examples: for instan

12、ceSimilarity: similarly, likewiseResult/consequence: therefore, accordinglyGeneralizing: in general, on the wholeHighlighting: in particularSummarizing: in conclusion, to summarizeContrast: in contrast, on the contraryConcession: however, neverthelessTransition to new point: as far as is concerned,

13、with regard toExercise The South East of the UK often has the coldest weather in the winter. _, the North West of Scotland frequently has the mildest temperatures. Polls show that Tony Blair is the most popular Prime Minister of this century. _, there are even members of his own party who are uneasy

14、 with his approach.Essays must be handed in by the deadline； _, they will not be marked. Any problems there?Over the years, a few other uses for the light bulb have emerged. Whats more, there are a variety of light bulbs to choose from in todays market. Consequently, the discovery of different kinds

15、 of light bulb changed the way we view the world today. Any problems there?This book is written by Francis Fukuyama, a neoconservative political scientist. I read it for its science research method of politics and history. However, strictly speaking, I do not quite agree with the views in his book.

16、In a critical perspective, I would review this book as objective as possible. Whats more, I have to confess that I did not plish reading the whole book, which is too long to finish in 3 weeks with more than 500 pages.Any problems there?In particular, when it comes to lean meat powder, which is a che

17、mical added to pig feed to facilitate muscle growth and lower the fat content, people most distinctly show distrust or even phobia, despite the fact that Chinese government has adopted a full range of effective measures to prevent the abuse of it. You may say: people most distinctly show distrust or

18、 even phobia, despite the fact that scientific research has shown that appropriate use of lean meat powder would not do harm to peoples health.Or:Despite the fact that Chinese government has adopted a full range of effective measures to prevent the abuse of it, many food companies are still misusing

19、 lead meat powder.Most importantly, LogicAppropriate use of cohesive devicesActivityAnalysis of student samplesAny problems there?Organ donation in China raises some unique ethical and legal issues that need to be carefully considered. Along with the rapid development of organ transplantation, the r

20、elated legal and ethical issues are ing more and more obvious and serious. Organ donation is an important portion of organ transplantation delivery cycle. In this paper, the current situation, tendency and existing problems of organ donation in China is investigated.Any problems there?Dairy products

21、 have been promoted frequently by those advertisements as “preferred” calcium source recently. Moreover, every person is mended to ingest 300g milk everyday in Dietary Guideline for Chinese Resident1. However, several studies showed that lifetime milk and other dairy products consumption have little

22、 effect on the rate of fractures but may accelerate the deporting process of calcium2, 3.The following is taken from a lecture on cross-cultural awareness in academic writing given by Dr. Karen Ottewell, Director of English for Academic Purposes at the Language Center of University of Cambridge.Ques

23、tions to Ask Yourself as You ReviseFor paragraphs:Will your reader be able to identify quickly the topic of each paragraph? Remember each paragraph should contain only one main idea or point.Questions to AskFor sentences:Do your sentences hang together?Does the sentence begin with information famili

24、ar to the reader?Readers must feel that they move easily from one sentence to the next, that each sentence coheres with the one before and after it.Readers must feel that sentences in a paragraph are not just individually clear, but are unified with each other.Questions to AskFor paragraphs:Will your reader be able to identify quickly the topic of each paragraph? Remember each paragraph should contain only one point or one main idea.Sample Par