英美文學(xué)名詞解釋

1、Epic:Alongnarrativepoemtellingaboutthedeedsofagreatheroandreflectingthevaluesofthesocietyfromwhichitoriginated.Thestyleofepicisgrand宏偉的andelevated高尚的.JohnMiltonwrotethreegreatepics:ParadiseLost,ParadiseRegainedandSamsonAgonistes.Sonnet（十四行詩Asonnetisalyricconsistingof14lines,usuallyiniambicpentameter

2、restrictedtoadefinitionrhymeschemeRenaissancetheactivity,spirit,ortimeofthegreatrevival復(fù)5舌ofart,literature,andlearninginEuropebeginninginthe14thcenturyandextendingtothe17thcentury,markingthetransition過渡fromthemedievaltothemodernworld.theessenceoftheRenaissanceisHumanismTheRenaissancePeriodAperiodofd

3、ramaandpoetry.TheElizabethandramaistherealmainstreamoftheEnglishRenaissance.Humanism人文主義HumanismistheessenceoftheRenaissance.2itemphasizesthedignityofhumanbeingsandtheimportanceofthepresentlife.Humanistsvoicedtheirbeliefsthatmanwasthecenteroftheuniverseandmandidnotonlyhavetherighttoenjoythebeautyoft

4、hepresentlife,buthadtheabilitytoperfecthimselfandtoperformwonders.lakepoets湖畔詩人refertoThethreeromanticpoetsWordsworth,ColeridgeandSoutheywholivedintheLakeDistrictintheEnglandandwrotepoemsaboutnature.EnglishRomanticism（浪漫主義）:1）amovementinliterature,philosophy,musicandartfromlate18thcenturytoearly19th

5、centuryinEurope.2）emphasizedindividualvalues（個人價值）andaspirations（志向，抱負(fù)）abovethoseofsociety.4）thecharacteristicsofRomanticism（浪漫主義文學(xué)特色）:Passion/emotion,Individualism5）Representativewriters（代表作家）:Blake,shelley,Byron,WordsworthCriticalRealism（批判現(xiàn)實主義）1）TheCriticalRealismofthe19thcenturyflourishedinthefo

6、rtiesandinthebeginningoffifties.2）Therealistsfirstandforemost最初的setthemselvesthetaskofcriticizingcapitalistsocietyfromademocraticviewpointanddelineated描繪thecryingcontradictions矛盾ofbourgeois資產(chǎn)階級的reality.Buttheydidnotfindawaytoeradicatesocialevils.3）CharlsDickensisthemostimportantcriticalrealist.Gothi

7、cnovel（哥特式小說）:Gothicnovelisatypeofromanceverypopularlateinthe18thcenturyandatthebeginningofthe19thcentury.emphasizesthingswhicharegrotesque,violent,mysterious,supernatural,desolateandhorrifying.Withitsdescription描述ofthedark,irrational荒幺蓼的sideofhumannature.AmericanRomanticism:1.fromtheendofthe18thcen

8、turytotheoutbreakofthecivilwar.Itstartedwiththepublication出版ofWashingtonIrving,sTheSketchBookandendedwithWhitman,sLeavesofGrass2.Itwasarebellion反抗againsttheobjectivityofrationalism.Forromantics,thefeelings,intuitions直覺andemotionsweremoreimportantthanreasonandcommonsense;3.emphasisonimagination,indiv

9、idualism.backtomedievalandnaturalTheLostGeneration（迷惘的一代）：IsatermusedtocharacterizeageneralfeelingofdisillusionmentofAmericanliterarynotables名人wholiveinEurope,mostnotably著名的ParisafterFirstWorldWar.FiguresidentifiedwiththeLostGenerationincludedliterarymodernistssuchasHemingway,F.Scott,PoundAmericaRea

10、lismAsaliterarymomentrealismcameinthelatterhalfofthe19century,asareactionagainst“thelie”ofRomanticismandsentimentalism.Itexpressedtheconcernfortheworldofexperience,ofthecommonplace,andforthefamiliarandthelowPuritanisminthe16thand17thcent.,amovementforreformintheChurchofEnglandthathadaprofound深遠(yuǎn)的infl

11、uenceonthesocial,political,ethical道德的,andtheological神學(xué)的ideasofEnglandandAmericaNeo-classicismArevivalofclassicalstandardsoforder,harmony,balance,simplicity簡單andrestrainedemotion克制情感inliteratureinthe18thcentury.Symbolism象征主義：Symbolismisthewritingtechniqueofusingsymbols.Itsaliterarymovementthatarosein

12、Franceinthelasthalfofthe19thcenturyandthatgreatlyinfluencedmanyEnglishwriters,particularlypoets,ofthe20thcentury.Itenablespoetstocompressaverycomplexideaintooneimageorevenoneword.Itsoneofthemostpowerfuldevicesthatpoetsemployincreation,使用象征來寫作的一種技巧。象征主義在19世紀(jì)后半頁在法國興起，對英國作家產(chǎn)生了很大的影響，尤其是在20世紀(jì)詩歌方面。它讓詩人把非常

13、復(fù)雜的思想濃縮成一個意象甚至一個詞。它是詩人在創(chuàng)作中使用的最有力的手段。Enlightenment啟蒙運動-anintellectualmovementinEuropeinthe18thcentury;一guidingprincipleforthinkingandaction;-thebeliefineternaltruth,eternaljustice,naturalequality-acontinuation延續(xù)ofRenaissance;Transcendentalism：Itwasagroupofnewideasinliterature,religion,culture,andphil

14、osophythatemergedinNewEnglandintheearlytomiddle19thcentury2.Therearethreemajorfeatures:emphasisonspirit,ortheOversoul,asthemostimportantthingintheuniverse.stressedtheimportanceoftheindividual.ThetranscendentalistsofferedafreshperceptionofnatureassymbolicoftheSpiritorGod.自然是超靈或上帝的象征Famousauthorssucha

15、sEmerson,Thoreau(Walden)NaturalismApost-darwinmovementofthelate19thcenturythattriedtoapplythe“l(fā)aws”ofscientificdeterminism決定論tofiction.twofeatures：localcolorandRegionalism鄉(xiāng)土文學(xué).FamousauthorssuchasDreiserSisterCarrie,CraneMaggie:agirlofthestreet,LondonThecallofwild介紹作家WilliamShakespearewasanEnglishpoe

16、tofEnglishRenaissance(theactivity,spirit,ortimeofthegreatrevival復(fù))舌ofart,literature,andlearninginEuropebeginninginthe14thcenturyandextendingtothe17thcentury,markingthetransition過渡fromthemedievaltothemodernworld.)widelyregardedasthegreatestwriterintheEnglishlanguageandtheworldspre-eminent卓越的dramatist.Heproduced38plays,154sonnetsandtwolongnarrativepoems.Hisfourfamouscomedies:Muchadoaboutnothing,Asyoulikeit,TheMerchantofVenice,TwelfthNight.Hisfourfamouscomedies:Hamlet,Othello,KingLear,andMacbeth.Hisfamoustragicomedy:RomeoandJuliet.HamlettellingusaboutHamlet,theprinceofDenm