黑龍江省大慶市鐵人中學(xué)2019-2020學(xué)年高二英語下學(xué)期第一次月考學(xué)試題含解析

1、黑龍江省大慶市鐵人中學(xué)2019_2020學(xué)年高二英語下學(xué)期第一次月考學(xué)試題含解析黑龍江省大慶市鐵人中學(xué)2019_2020學(xué)年高二英語下學(xué)期第一次月考學(xué)試題含解析PAGE PAGE - 45 -黑龍江省大慶市鐵人中學(xué)2019_2020學(xué)年高二英語下學(xué)期第一次月考學(xué)試題含解析黑龍江省大慶市鐵人中學(xué)20192020學(xué)年高二英語下學(xué)期第一次月考學(xué)試題（含解析）第I卷 選擇題部分一、完形填空（一）（共20小題；每小題1。5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文,掌握其大意，然后從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Almost everyone around us uses a ph

2、one。 Phones provide a simple and efficient way to conduct work or _1_ with social arrangements from day to day. Several times in the course of a work day， you may be _2_ by your workmates, students or friends by means of phone。 If you want a/an _3_ with your department head， you will _4_ call him an

3、d arrange a time with him。 If you are unable to _5_ your appointment， or if you find you have to be _6_ for it， you will phone and change the _7_. In this way, no one _8_ time waiting for someone who is not coming. If you want to buy something, you will “l(fā)et your _9_ do the walking”. That is， you ca

4、ll ahead to make sure the store has what you _10_。 If it is an expensive item， you might call several stores to _11_ prices so that you can buy the cheapest one。 If you want to _12_ a train or plane, after finding out the prices, you can call to _13_ the ticket; if you want to shop for clothes after

5、 work, you might call to ask how _14_ the store is open before you travel all the way there.Phones are easily _15_。 In streets, you can see public phones in which you feed coins to make a call。 Phones have _16_ answering services; if you are not at home or in the office, or dont wish to be _17_, you

6、 switch on a machine， which will answer the call for you。 A pre-recorded message will say to the _18_, “Im sorry， Im not available at the moment。 Please leave your name and number and I will call you _19_ as soon as possible. Its more efficient to _20_ ones name and number than to waste their time c

7、alling again and again。1。 A。 dealB。 communicateC。 shareD. talk2。 A. suggestedB. remindedC. connectedD. ignored3。 A. prizeB. promiseC. dealD. appointment4。 A。 neverB。 usuallyC. seldomD。 frequently5。 A。 keepB. makeC. breakD。 take6。 A. intendedB。 preparedC. lateD。 ready7。 A。 mindB. placeC. planD. idea8

8、. A。 arrangesB。 takesC。 killsD. wastes9. A. feetB. fingerC. headD。 legs10。 A。 needB. hateC。 haveD. think11. A。 payB. cutC。 raiseD. compare12. A。 makeB。 takeC. missD。 get13. A。 chooseB. offerC。 bookD. ask14。 A. lateB. fastC。 soonD。 early15. A. suitableB. usableC。 enjoyableD。 available16。 A. properB。

9、automaticC. artificialD。 free17. A。 noticedB. upsetC. disturbedD. worried18。 A。 sellerB. visitorC. speakerD。 caller19。 A. onB. backC。 upD。 at20. A。 leaveB。 signC. rememberD. write【答案】1. A 2。 C 3。 D 4. B 5. A 6。 C 7。 C 8。 D 9。 B 10. A 11。 D 12。 B 13。 C 14。 A 15。 D 16。 B 17。 C 18。 D 19. B 20. A【解析】這是一

10、篇說明文。文章主要講述了電話給人們的工作和生活帶來的便利?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：手機(jī)提供了一種簡單而有效的方式來進(jìn)行工作或處理日常的社交安排。A. deal應(yīng)對，處理；B. communicate交流，溝通；C. share分享，分擔(dān)；D。 talk談話。deal with sth.“處理某事”.故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析.句意：在一天的工作中，你可能會好幾次通過電話與同事、學(xué)生或朋友聯(lián)系.A. suggested建議；B。 reminded提醒；C. connected聯(lián)系；D。 ignored忽略。根據(jù)后文“by your workmates， students

11、or friends by means of phone”可知,應(yīng)是通過手機(jī)與這些人取得聯(lián)系。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：如果你想和你的部門主管見個面，你可以打電話和他安排時間。A. prize獎品，獎金；B. promise承諾；C。 deal達(dá)成協(xié)議，達(dá)成交易;D。 appointment任命，預(yù)約.根據(jù)后文“If you are unable to _5_ _ your appointment,”可知,要與部門主管預(yù)約見面.故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析.句意:如果你想和你的部門主管見個面，你可以打電話和他安排時間。A. never從不；B。 usually通常

12、；C。 seldom很少，幾乎不；D. frequently頻繁地，經(jīng)常地。根據(jù)句意和語境可知，此處副詞強(qiáng)調(diào)“一般情況，一般而言”的做法是打電話預(yù)約時間。B項(xiàng)usually意為“通常符合語境。故選B項(xiàng)。【5題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：如果你不能按時赴約，或者你發(fā)現(xiàn)你不得不遲到，你將打電話改變計(jì)劃.A。 keep保持，遵守；B。 make使讓;C. break打破；D。 take帶走。根據(jù)句意和語境可知,此處應(yīng)是keep the appointment意為“赴約.故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:如果你不能按時赴約，或者你發(fā)現(xiàn)你不得不遲到，你將打電話改變計(jì)劃。A。 intend

13、ed故意的,有意的；B. prepared準(zhǔn)備好的;C。 late晚的，遲到的;D。 ready準(zhǔn)備好。根據(jù)后文“you will phone and change”可知,遲到了會打電話更改預(yù)約見面事項(xiàng)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析.句意：如果你不能按時赴約,或者你發(fā)現(xiàn)你不得不遲到，你將打電話改變計(jì)劃。A。 mind理智,精神；B. place地點(diǎn)；C。 plan計(jì)劃；D。 idea主意.根據(jù)前文要見面需要提前預(yù)約可知，做事情或見面都是需要計(jì)劃安排的。故選C項(xiàng)。【8題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析.句意：這樣，就沒有人會浪費(fèi)時間去等待一個不來的人。A。 arranges安排;B。 takes

14、帶走；C。 kills殺死；D. wastes浪費(fèi)。根據(jù)句意和語境可知，前文提及不能按時赴約可以打電話通知對方,因此就不會有人浪費(fèi)時間等待一個不能到來的人了.故選D項(xiàng).【9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:如果你想買東西,你會“讓你的手指走路”.A。 feet腳；B。 finger手指;C. head頭；D. legs腿。根據(jù)后文“you call ahead to make sure (你提前打電話確定）”可知,本句應(yīng)指先動手打電話。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析.句意：也就是說，你需要提前打電話確認(rèn)商店有你想要的東西。A。 need需要；B. hate厭惡；C. have擁有；D。

15、 think思考。根據(jù)句意和語境可知，為了確定商店是否有存貨,你需要提前打電話。故選A項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：如果這是一件昂貴的物品，你可以打電話給幾家商店比較價格，這樣你就可以買到最便宜的。A。 pay支付；B。 cut切，剪；C。 raise舉起,升起;D。 compare對比，比較。根據(jù)前文“If it is an expensive item”可知，如果嫌貴可以“價比三家而買到最便宜的.故選D項(xiàng).【12題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:如果你想乘火車或飛機(jī)，在了解價格后，你可以打電話訂票；如果你想在下班后去買衣服,你可以在去之前先打個電話問問商店開到幾點(diǎn).A. make

16、使得，制造;B. take帶走，搭乘;C。 miss錯過，思念;D. get得到。根據(jù)后文“a train or plane”可知，應(yīng)是搭乘火車或飛機(jī)。故選B項(xiàng).【13題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析.句意:如果你想乘火車或飛機(jī)，在了解價格后,你可以打電話訂票；如果你想在下班后去買衣服，你可以在去之前先打個電話問問商店開到幾點(diǎn)。A。 choose選擇;B. offer提供;C. book預(yù)定;D。 ask詢問。根據(jù)前文“after finding out the prices”可知，查明價格后就可以電話訂票了.故選C項(xiàng).【14題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：如果你想乘火車或飛機(jī)，在了解價格后，你可以打

17、電話訂票；如果你想在下班后去買衣服,你可以在去之前先打個電話問問商店開到幾點(diǎn)。A。 late晚的;B. fast快的；C。 soon不久;D. early早的。根據(jù)前文“if you want to shop for clothes after work”可知，下班之后再買衣服的話應(yīng)打電話詢問商店?duì)I業(yè)到多晚的時間.故選A項(xiàng).【15題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析.句意:電話很容易找到。A。 suitable合適的；B. usable （指某物) 可用的,能用的；C。 enjoyable令人愉快的；D。 available可獲得的，有空的。根據(jù)后文“In streets， you can see pu

18、blic phones in which you feed coins to make a call。（在街上，你可以看到公共電話，你可以用它給硬幣打電話)”可知，如果要用電話的話,電話很容易找到。故選D項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：電話有自動應(yīng)答服務(wù);如果你不在家或在辦公室,或不希望被打擾,你可以打開一個機(jī)器，它會為你接聽電話。A。 proper合適的；B。 automatic自動的；C. artificial假的,人工的；D。 free自由的，免費(fèi)的。根據(jù)后文“you switch on a machine, which will answer the call for yo

19、u（你打開機(jī)器，它會為你接電話)”可知，電話可以自動接聽。故選B項(xiàng).【17題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:電話有自動應(yīng)答服務(wù)；如果你不在家或在辦公室，或不希望被打擾,你可以打開一個機(jī)器，它會為你接聽電話.A。 noticed注意的；B。 upset難過的； 沮喪的；C。 disturbed不安的，焦慮的；D. worried擔(dān)心的;擔(dān)憂的。根據(jù)后文電話可以自動接聽，因此此句在講述“不想被打擾”。故選C項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:預(yù)先錄制的信息會告訴打電話的人。A。 seller賣方，售貨員；B。 visitor參觀者，訪問者；C. speaker演講者，揚(yáng)聲器,說話者；D. c

20、aller訪客,打電話者。根據(jù)句意和語境可知,這里的留言是為打電話的人準(zhǔn)備的.故選D項(xiàng).【19題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：請留下您的姓名和電話號碼，我會盡快給您回電話的。 A。 on 在上面；B。 back回應(yīng),回復(fù)；C. up向上；D。 at處于狀態(tài)；在方面.固定短語：call sb. back“給某人回電話”。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:留下對方的姓名和電話號碼比浪費(fèi)時間一遍又一遍地打電話要有效得多.A。 leave離開，留下；B。 sign簽名,簽署；C。 remember記得，記住;D. write書寫。根據(jù)后文可知，留下姓名和電話比起浪費(fèi)時間一遍又一遍打電話要

21、有效率的多。故選A項(xiàng)。二、閱讀理解（共兩小節(jié)，20小題； 每小題 2分, 滿分40分）第一節(jié)：閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng).ATwo European Summer Must “SeasWhen you think of summer, the beach, clear water, sunny skies， and relaxing days are a few things that come to mind， and two of the best places to experience these summer feels are two gorg

22、eous European bodies of water: the Mediterranean Sea and the Adriatic Sea! These two incredible Seas hold some of my favorite travel memories, and I would revisit each one in a heartbeat！The Mediterranean SeaThe Mediterranean Sea can be accessed from various European countries as well as a few North

23、 African countries。 And while many think of visiting Ibiza, Malta， or the Greek islands to experience the Mediterranean， my Mediterranean beach days came while visiting the seaside city of Marseille in the South of France！ Marseille was a lovely city with easy access to the Sea, also with pretty san

24、dy beaches。 The gorgeous crystal clear blue water made it unlike any beach day in America！ Not only were the beaches amazing, but the city of Marseille was adorable and filled with numerous cute shops and seaside restaurants. And the Mediterranean.style food was delicious！The Adriatic SeaThe Adriati

25、c Sea is equally as stunning and surely worth a visit！ The Croatian coast has numerous beach clubs, some private and some public， that tourists are able to visit and you can experience the beauty of the Adriatic Sea there! Zrce Novalja, a Croatian seaside town I visited, was impressively featured by

26、 the rather rocky beach in place of sand。 The rocks were small and smooth, making swimming in the sea and wading in the water just as easy as sandy beaches! Plus, the locals in Croatia are also extremely friendly， making the experience even more memorable.21。 The writers trip to the two seas was ful

27、l of _。A。 unbearable hardshipsB. various adventuresC. wonderful experiencesD. funny events22。 From which place did the writer get to the Mediterranean Sea?A Ibiza.B. Malta。C。 The Greek islands。D。 Marseille.23。 What makes Zrce Novalja so special？A. Its beach clubs.B. Its beautiful sea。C. Its rocky be

28、ach.D. Its friendly locals?！敬鸢浮?1。 C 22. D 23。 C【解析】【分析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文中介紹了作者最喜歡的兩個歐洲的海域,并分享了他在那里的旅游經(jīng)歷.【21題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的“These two incredible Seas hold some of my favorite travel memories(這兩個不可思議的海域留有我最喜歡的旅游記憶)”可知，作者在這兩片海域的旅游滿是美好的經(jīng)歷。故選C.【22題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的“my Mediterranean beach days came while visiting

29、 the seaside city of Marseille in the South of France（在地中海海灘的那些天是我在法國南部參觀一個海邊城市Marseille經(jīng)歷的）”可知，作者是從Marseille去的地中海。故選D?！?3題詳解】由第三段中“Zrce Novalja， a Croatian seaside town I visited, was impressively featured by the rather rocky beach in place of sand。（Zrce Novalja是一個克羅地亞的海邊城市，它的主要特色是它的海灘不是沙子的而是石頭的）”可

30、知，石頭的海灘使得Zrce Novalja如此特別。故選C?！军c(diǎn)睛】這是一篇應(yīng)用文閱讀。高考全國卷閱讀理解中一般都會考一篇應(yīng)用文，考查學(xué)生快速提取信息的能力。應(yīng)用文一般都帶有小標(biāo)題或者黑體字。本文屬于帶有小標(biāo)題的應(yīng)用文.應(yīng)用文中出題一般有兩個規(guī)律:兩個小題一般不會在同一段落；巧用小標(biāo)題定位。例如本文第一題、第二題、第三題的答案分別位于三個不同的段落內(nèi)。同學(xué)們要巧用應(yīng)用文中的解題技巧，提高自己的解題速度，不能在應(yīng)用文上用掉太多時間.BMy love for libraries blossomed when I joined the public library。 From the age of

31、8 I was allowed to walk from my home to the downtown library， housed above the police station。 Once the librarian gave me my first membership card， I could enjoy a range of books, which started with Little House in the Big Woods。 I was addicted instantly, and this love of libraries and reading would

32、 change my life， allowing me to one day create a safe space for highschool kids， too.By the time I was in high school, I could read the authors that we were studying in class, including Charles Dickens， Mark Twain and Emily Bronte。 During the summer months, I got caught up in Gone with the Wind。When

33、 I studied English literature at university, I thought it was time to build my own library. For the next 40 years, I continued to collect books。 Until one day， I realized that all my books had become a part of the house， like wallpaper。Toward the end of my teaching career, I became a teacher-librari

34、an at my old high school， where I had first learned English literature. This position enabled me to regain my love and appreciation for libraries. I had a generous budget for my classes, so I searched for novels that would interest my teenage audience and hopefully spark a love of books. Fantasy, sc

35、ience-fiction， graphic novels I bought almost any type of books that my students wanted to read. I bought sofas and comfortable chairs， turning the library into a safe public space, for everyone.In doing so, I realized that the library isnt just a place to do research. They are， in fact, places that

36、 offer an opportunity to connect with the past， present and future。 All that is required is a tiny bit of curiosity。 Libraries are places that should be full of life。 They help us adjust to the world, and their doors must be kept open to everyone for free！24. What inspired the author to set up a lib

37、rary for students?A。 Some well-known classics。B。 His early experience of reading。C。 The suggestion of a librarian。D. The book: Little House in the Big Woods.25。 When did the author begin to build his own library？A. In primary school。B. In high school.C. During university years。D. After leaving colle

38、ge.26。 What does the author intend to tell us in paragraph 4？A. What his career was like。B。 Where he stored his books.C. Why school kids loved reading。D。 How he improved the school library.27. Which of the following is the best title for the text？A. A private libraryB. Read with curiosityC。 A librar

39、ians lifeD. More than just books【答案】24. B 25。 C 26。 D 27。 D【解析】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文.通讀全文可知,作者從小就喜歡圖書館和閱讀,后來作者收集書籍建立了自己的圖書館。作者認(rèn)為圖書館不只是人們學(xué)習(xí)和讀書的場所，它應(yīng)該促使人們具有好奇心來了解和認(rèn)識世界.【24題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“and this love of libraries and reading would change my life， allowing me to one day create a safe space for highschool kids，

40、 too?？芍?對圖書館和閱讀的熱愛將改變我的生活，讓我產(chǎn)生了有一天為高中生創(chuàng)造一個安全的空間的想法。因此作者早期的閱讀經(jīng)歷促使作者產(chǎn)生了為學(xué)生建立圖書館的想法。故選B?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“When I studied English literature at university, I thought it was time to build my own library.可知，當(dāng)作者在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)英語文學(xué)時，作者認(rèn)為是時候建立自己的圖書館了。即作者在大學(xué)期間開始建立自己的圖書館。故選C。26題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“I searched for novels

41、that would interest my teenage audience and hopefully spark a love of books. Fantasy， sciencefiction， graphic novelsI bought almost any type of books that my students wanted to read。 I bought sofas and comfortable chairs， turning the library into a safe public space， for everyone.可知，作者搜索了一些青少年感興趣的小說

42、,并希望引起人們對書本的熱愛.作者幾乎買了學(xué)生想讀的任何類型的書，包括幻想作品,科幻小說,圖畫小說。作者買了沙發(fā)和舒適的椅子,將圖書館變成了一個對每個人來說都安全的公共場所。即通過第四段我們知道了作者是如何改善學(xué)校圖書館的。故選D?！?7題詳解】標(biāo)題判斷題.通讀全文可知，作者從小就喜歡圖書館和閱讀，后來作者收集書籍建立了自己的圖書館。由“I realized that the library isnt just a place to do research。 They are， in fact， places that offer an opportunity to connect with

43、the past, present and future。 All that is required is a tiny bit of curiosity. Libraries are places that should be full of life. They help us adjust to the world, and their doors must be kept open to everyone for free!”可知，作者認(rèn)為圖書館不僅僅是一個進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)研究的地方。實(shí)際上，它們能夠提供過去，現(xiàn)在和未來相聯(lián)系的機(jī)會。人們所需要的只是一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)好奇.圖書館應(yīng)該是充滿生機(jī)的地方.它們

44、幫助我們適應(yīng)世界，它們的大門必須向所有人免費(fèi)開放！因此圖書館不只是人們學(xué)習(xí)和讀書的場所，它應(yīng)該促使人們具有好奇心來了解和認(rèn)識世界?！安粌H僅是書籍指的是圖書館,因此它符合文意，可以成為文章的最佳標(biāo)題。故選D。CThe stories we share with one another are important. They show wisdom and provide inspiration。 They are important to our development. But sometimes people choose not to tell.Consider the negative

45、effects of not sharing a story in the news： People are wondering if public health officials are holding back too much information about the recent outbreak of Ebola.There is a danger in holding back stories that ought to be told。 Bobette Buster said it like this, “The fact is， history has shown us t

46、hat stories not told can become like a dangerous genie （妖怪） left in a bottle。 When they are finally uncorked， their power to destroy is set free?！盩here are a number of reasons why we hide parts of our story: they often show our weaknesses or expose our disadvantages; they require courage and strengt

47、h to share; and of course， there are some stories that should be kept secretespecially those that embarrass someone else.Most of us have two selves: the one we display on the outside and the one we actually are on the inside。 And the better we get at hiding the stories that show our true selves， the

48、 more damage we may be causing to ourselves and to others。Honesty and openness is important： it proves we are trustworthy。 It displays we are human. We are not perfect or better. It highlights the importance of hard work and personal development。 Hard work may not allow us to overcome our disadvanta

49、ges completely。 But with hard work， we do not have to be restricted to our mistakes.Does this mean we admit every weakness, every disadvantage， and every secret regret to everybody we meet? No， of course not。 There is a time and a place and a certain level of relationship necessary for some stories

50、to be told in an appropriate manner。28。 Whats the function of the example in Paragraph 2?A。 It reflects that people are concerning about the spread of Ebola。B. It shows the bad effect caused by sharing a story.C. It proves not sharing a story can cause trouble.D。 It concludes that one should share a

51、 story at a proper time。29. Which is close in meaning to the underlined word “uncorked in Paragraph 3?A。 freedB。 brokenC。 unfoldedD。 untouched30。 One of the reasons why people are unwilling to share experiences is that _.A。 storysharing highlights the importance of hard workB。 people are used to exp

52、osing their weaknessesC people sometimes have no courage to share their storiesD。 some stories make themselves feel sad31。 The writer aims to convince us to _.A。 be open to people close to you by sharing some secretsB. share stories appropriately for the good of others and ourselvesC。 remove the dan

53、gers that can be caused by untold storiesD。 realize the importance of being honest when making friends【答案】28. C 29. A 30。 C 31。 B【解析】這是一篇議論文.作者在文章中指出不分享本該被告知的故事會帶來麻煩并且進(jìn)一步論述了人們隱藏自己故事的一部分有很多原因.同時指出有些故事需要以適當(dāng)?shù)姆绞街v述?！?8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中There is a danger in holding back stories that ought to be told. 應(yīng)該講的故事

54、被隱瞞是危險(xiǎn)的?？芍?，第2段的例子是用來說明不分享一個故事會引起麻煩。故選C項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)下一句their power to destroy is set free. 他們的毀滅力量就釋放了.可知，劃線詞uncorked意為“打開,釋放”之意,與A選項(xiàng)freed“解放，使自由”相近。故選A項(xiàng).【30題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段There are a number of reasons why we hide parts of our story: they often show our weaknesses or expose our disadvantages； the

55、y require courage and strength to share; and of course, there are some stories that should be kept secretespecially those that embarrass someone else. 我們隱藏自己故事的一部分有很多原因：它們經(jīng)常顯示我們的弱點(diǎn)或暴露我們的缺點(diǎn)；它們需要勇氣和力量來分享;當(dāng)然，有些故事應(yīng)該保密，尤其是那些讓別人難堪的故事?？芍?其中一個原因是人們有時沒有勇氣分享他們的故事。故選C項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題.根據(jù)最后一段最后一句There is a time an

56、d a place and a certain level of relationship necessary for some stories to be told in an appropriate manner。 有些故事需要以適當(dāng)?shù)姆绞街v述，這需要時間、地點(diǎn)和一定程度的關(guān)系?？芍?作者的目的是說服我們?yōu)榱怂撕妥约旱睦孢m當(dāng)?shù)胤窒砉适隆９蔬xB項(xiàng).DPeople have been wondering why elephants do not develop cancer even though they have lifespans （壽命) that are similar to h

57、umans， jiving for around 50 to 70 years.Now scientists believe they know why。 A team at the University of Chicago， US has found that elephants carry a large number of genes that stop tumors （腫瘤） developing。 To be precise， they found 20 copies of an anti-tumor gene called TP53 in elephants. Most othe

58、r species, including humans， only carry one copy。According to the research， the extra copies of the gene improved the animals sensitivity to DNA damage, which lets the cells quickly kill themselves when damaged before they can go on to form deadly tumors?！癆n increased risk of developing cancer has s

59、tood in the way of the evolution of large body sizes in many animals，” the study author Dr Vincent Lynch told The Guardian. If every living cell has the same chance of becoming cancerous (癌變的）, large creatures with a long lifespan like whales and elephants should have a greater risk of developing ca

60、ncer than humans and mice。 But across species, the risk of cancer does not show a connection with body mass.This phenomenon was found by Oxford University scientist Richard Peto in the 1970s and later named “Petos paradox (悖論)”。 Biologists believe it results from larger animals using protection that