基于單片機的自動避障小車設(shè)計與實現(xiàn)

1、鄭州工業(yè)應(yīng)用技術(shù)學院本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計題 目：基于單片機的自動避障小車設(shè)計與實現(xiàn)指導老師：張朝陽 職稱：講師同學姓名：周紅宇 學號： 1102120515 專 業(yè)：電氣工程及其自動化院 （系）：機電工程學院答辯日期：年 月 日2022 年 月 日鄭州工業(yè)應(yīng)用技術(shù)學院畢業(yè)設(shè)計摘 要智能小車是一種能夠通過編程手段完成特定任務(wù)的小型化機器人,主要是在 自動化掌握領(lǐng)域,它具有制作成本低,電路結(jié)構(gòu)簡潔,程序調(diào)試便利等優(yōu)點,具 有很強的趣味性；智能小車深受廣大機器人愛好者以及高校同學的寵愛；該設(shè)計利用單片機 STC89C52RC 作為主控芯片,該芯片是一種高速、低功耗、抗干擾才能強的芯片,其最高時鐘工作頻率為

2、48MHz,用戶應(yīng)用程序空間為 8K；能夠滿意程序空間需要；驅(qū)動采納 L298N 驅(qū)動芯片,它是一種雙全橋步進電機專用芯片, 通過對其輸入端的掌握可以實現(xiàn)小車的啟動、轉(zhuǎn)向、停止等動作；為節(jié)約成本,小車由兩個直流減速電機加一個萬向輪構(gòu)成,并采納后輪驅(qū)動；采納了 E18-D50NK 紅外光電開關(guān)組成的避障傳感器來避障；由于采納了 6 節(jié)干電池供電使系統(tǒng)的抗干擾性得到加強；充分利用 STC89C52的系統(tǒng)資源, 使智能小車完善的實現(xiàn)了障礙物檢測、躲開障礙物自動巡航等功能；經(jīng)實踐驗收測試,該智能小車的電路結(jié)構(gòu)簡潔,調(diào)試便利,系統(tǒng)反映快速、敏捷,設(shè)計方案正確、可行,各項指標穩(wěn)固、牢靠；本文第一介紹了智能

3、車的進展前景,接著介紹了該課題設(shè)計構(gòu)想, 各模塊電路的挑選及其電路工作原理,最終對該課題的設(shè)計過程進行了總結(jié)與展望 , 并附帶各個模塊的電路原理圖和本設(shè)計實物圖及完整的關(guān)鍵詞： 智能小車單片機避障紅外線C 語言程序；鄭州工業(yè)應(yīng)用技術(shù)學院畢業(yè)設(shè)計Abstract Smart car is a small robot to accomplish specific tasks by programming, mainly in the field of automation control, it has low production cost, simple circuit structure,

4、debugging convenient, has the very strong interest. Smart car robot lovers as well as by the majority of College students. This design uses STC89C52RC micro controller as the main control chip, the chip is a chip of high speed, low power consumption, strong anti-interference ability, and the maximum

5、 clock frequency is 48MHz, the user application space for 8K. To meet the needs of the space program. Driven by the L298N drive chip, it is a kind of dual full bridge stepper motor dedicated chip, the input end of the control can realize the car start, stop, turn. In order to save costs, the car by

6、two DC motor and a universal wheel, and the rear wheel drive. The obstacle avoidance sensor E18-D50NK infrared photoelectric switch to obstacle avoidance. Due to the adoption of the 6 battery supplies power to the anti-interference of the system has been strengthened. To make full use of the system

7、resources of STC89C52, the perfect realization of the intelligent vehicle obstacle detection, obstacle avoidance automatic cruise function. Through the practice of acceptance testing, circuit structure of the smart car is simple, convenient debugging, the system to reflect the rapid, flexible, the d

8、esign scheme is correct and feasible, stable, reliable indicators. This paper first introduces the development prospects of the smart car, and then introduces the design idea, working principle and circuit of each module circuit, the design process of the project are summarized and prospects, with e

9、ach module circuit diagram and the design of the physical map and the integrity of the C language program. Keywords: Smart Cars Single-chip Obstacle Avoidance Infrared II 鄭州工業(yè)應(yīng)用技術(shù)學院畢業(yè)設(shè)計目 錄1 緒論 . 1 1.1 課題討論背景及意義. 1 1.2 國內(nèi)外討論現(xiàn)狀 . 1 1.3 單片機及直流電機的進展. 1 1.4 課題主要討論內(nèi)容 . 4 2 工作原理及總體設(shè)計 . 5 2.1 工作原理 . 5 2.2 總體設(shè)計 . 5 3 硬件設(shè)計 . 7 3.1 小車車體設(shè)計 . 7 3.2 電源模塊 . 7 3.3 電機驅(qū)動模塊 . 8 3.4 電機模塊 . 9 3.5 檢測模塊 . 9 3.6 最終方案 . 9 4 硬件實現(xiàn)及單元電路設(shè)計. 11 4.1 主掌握模塊 . 11 4.2 單片機的復位電路與振蕩電路設(shè)計. 11 4.3 電源設(shè)計 . 13 4.4 驅(qū)動電路 . 14 4.5 E18-D50NK光電開關(guān)避障模塊. 15 4.6 紅外光電開關(guān)傳感器的安裝