倫敦塔橋中英文簡(jiǎn)介課件

1、Tower BridgeTower Bridge(built 18861894) is a combinedbasculeandsuspension bridgeinLondon, England which crosses theRiver Thames. It is close to theTower of London, from which it takes its name, and has become aniconic symbolof London.塔橋（內(nèi)置18861894）是倫敦的一個(gè)組合式結(jié)構(gòu)，懸索橋，英格蘭橫跨泰晤士河。它靠近倫敦塔而得名，并已成為倫敦的一個(gè)標(biāo)志性的符號(hào)

2、。A Special Bridge or Subway Committee was formed in 1877, chaired by Sir Albert Joseph Altman, to find a solution to the river crossing problem. It opened the design of the crossing to public competition. Over 50 designs were submitted, including one from civil engineer Sir Joseph Bazalgette. The ev

3、aluation of the designs was surrounded by controversy, and it was not until 1884 that a design submitted by Sir Horace Jones, the City Architect (who was also one of the judges),3 was approved.Jones engineer, Sir John Wolfe Barry, devised the idea of a bascule bridge with two bridge towers built on

4、piers. The central span was split into two equal bascules or leaves, which could be raised to allow river traffic to pass. The two side-spans were suspension bridges, with the suspension rods anchored both at the abutments and through rods contained within the bridges upper walkways瓊斯的設(shè)計(jì)是一座244米長(zhǎng)的開啟橋

5、，橋有兩個(gè)橋塔，每個(gè)塔高65米。橋的中部長(zhǎng)61米，分為上下2層。上層高而窄，可作為人行道。下層是主通道，分為兩扇橋段，每扇可以豎起到83度來(lái)讓河流交通通過(guò)。這兩扇橋段各重上千噸，它們的軸位于它們的重心上來(lái)減小它們起升時(shí)所需要的力，它們可以在一分鐘內(nèi)升起。一開始這個(gè)升降裝置是液壓的，為此它有六個(gè)水庫(kù)來(lái)產(chǎn)生高壓水。蒸汽機(jī)把水從水庫(kù)泵入液壓裝置。今天橋是用電動(dòng)機(jī)來(lái)升降的，但過(guò)去的蒸汽機(jī)機(jī)構(gòu)依然保留可供參觀Construction started in 1887 and took eight years with five major contractors and employed 432 cons

6、truction workers. E W Crutwell was the resident engineer for the construction.Construction1886年倫敦塔橋開建，建造共歷時(shí)8年，5個(gè)主要建筑公司和共432建筑工人參與工程Two massive piers, containing over 70,000 tons of concrete, were sunk into the riverbed to support the construction. Over 11,000 tons of steel provided the framework for

7、 the towers and walkways. This was then clad in Cornish granite and Portland stone, both to protect the underlying steelwork and to give the bridge a pleasing appearance兩座堅(jiān)固的橋墩共使用了70,000噸水泥，橋塔和橋身共用了1.1萬(wàn)噸鋼鐵。橋塔和橋身的鋼鐵骨架外鋪設(shè)花崗巖和波特蘭石來(lái)保護(hù)骨架和增加美觀 Now visitors can walk through in the tower bridge, not be charged.Visit the tower bridge from the north side of the bridge take the elevator up, watching the bridge for structural engineering, and then from the bridge at high channel across the Thames, river Thames and enj