中考英語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)知識(shí)11常見(jiàn)習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)素材

1、中考英語(yǔ)考點(diǎn) 11 常見(jiàn)用語(yǔ)（一） 知識(shí)概要由于英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的語(yǔ)言與中國(guó)的語(yǔ)言有許多不同之處，所以造成了許多同學(xué)在做選擇或書(shū)寫(xiě)，或與人交談中造成誤用中國(guó)方式來(lái)對(duì)英語(yǔ)的問(wèn)句作解答。例如一個(gè)小十分好看，可愛(ài)，外國(guó)人見(jiàn)到時(shí)會(huì)講： You are so beautiful這時(shí)的答語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是nk you如果外國(guó)人發(fā)現(xiàn)你的英語(yǔ)不錯(cuò)，他們會(huì)講： You r English is very good這時(shí)常常會(huì)說(shuō)：不，我說(shuō)的不好。這純是一種禮貌的答語(yǔ)，但是不符合英語(yǔ)。它正確的答語(yǔ)應(yīng)是nk you雖然交際英語(yǔ)有一些規(guī)律可講，但更重要的是學(xué)習(xí)外國(guó)的生活，了解他們的文化背景，歷史淵源，這樣才能真正的學(xué)好一門(mén)外語(yǔ)。（二）正誤

2、辨析誤- What can I do for you?- Yes，please help me- What can I do for you?正- Id like to buy a sweater析 What can I do for you? 這一問(wèn)語(yǔ)實(shí)際上用于的情景很多，要根據(jù)具體情況而定。如在商店中售貨員講這句話應(yīng)譯為：您想要點(diǎn)什么?在其他場(chǎng)合也可以被譯為：我能為您做些什么?它的答語(yǔ)應(yīng)是直接講出想讓對(duì)方提供的幫助。誤 - Which colour do you like?- Sorry， I dont like正 - Which colour do you like?- I prefer

3、 blue析 由 which 來(lái)提問(wèn)的問(wèn)句是要回答具體的選擇，而不能泛指，泛泛的回答。如 Yes，I like it誤 Do you like to come with us tonight?正 Would you like to come with us tonight?析 Do you like 問(wèn)的是對(duì)方的，如： Do you like swimming? Do you like collectingsts? 而 would you like 則是的邀請(qǐng)、提議。邀請(qǐng)的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)法還有如下幾種：Shall we go?走吧!Lets go? 讓走吧!How abouving a cup of

4、 tea? 喝杯茶如何?What about a cup of coffee喝杯咖啡如何?Why not buy it? 為什么不買(mǎi)呢?其肯定答語(yǔ)一般為 Certainly， Yes， O， With pleasure誤 Sorry， Ive kept you waitingNoall正 Sorry， Ive kept you waitingNever mind析 介意不介意這一問(wèn)法與答語(yǔ)在中英文中有所不同。如：- Do you mind my smoking here?- Yes，t please No， of course not Yes， take it please No， you c

5、ant take it這時(shí)正確的選擇應(yīng)是 B。 其意為：不介意，當(dāng)然不。而 A 選項(xiàng)則自相了，它應(yīng)譯為：是的我介意，請(qǐng)抽吧。而 D 選項(xiàng)是：不介意，你不能抽。當(dāng)方爭(zhēng)求意見(jiàn)時(shí)，可以有以下問(wèn)法：Do you mind if I open the door?Would you minding the letter for me其答語(yǔ)如果是同意應(yīng)為： Certainly not，noall而不同意時(shí)應(yīng)為Yes， 或 Im sorry誤 Whatst man?He is Mike正 Whatst man?He is a teacher正 Whost man?He is Mike(He is Mikes

6、father)析 由 what 提問(wèn)是問(wèn)的職業(yè)，由who 提問(wèn)問(wèn)的是或。誤 - How much are they?- Half a kilo， please正 - How many bananas do you want?- Half a kiloPlease析 How much are they? 問(wèn)的是價(jià)格而不是實(shí)際物品的多少。誤 Im sorry， but is this the way to the park?正 Excuse me， but is this the way to the park?析 Im sorry 是對(duì)已經(jīng)做錯(cuò)了的事方道歉時(shí)的開(kāi)始語(yǔ)。而 Excuse me是在打

7、擾對(duì)方之前表達(dá)歉意的話。誤 - Have a good time tonight!- You are the same正 - Have a good time tonight!- The same to you析 The same to you 是表達(dá)我也祝您有個(gè)愉快的夜晚，它是美語(yǔ)中的用法。誤 - Whats the problem?- Ive got a headache正 Whats wrong with you?Ive got a headache析 Whats wrong with you? 是詢問(wèn)對(duì)方身體狀態(tài)如何，而 Whats the problem?是問(wèn)對(duì)方遇到了什么麻煩。誤

8、- Now， Im backCan I play?- PerhapsYoud better do your正 - Now， Im backCan I play?- Im afraid notYoud better do your析 Perhaps 是表示對(duì)一種拿的事態(tài)的推論，如： Am I right? Perhaps而Im afraidnot則表達(dá)一種不同意的態(tài)度。 be afraid 的幾種用法有：Im afraidt you are right其后直接加賓語(yǔ)從句。- Will you come to my birthday party?- Im afraid notI have to g

9、o to see my fatherHe is in hospital其后not，表示否定。- Sorry， I dont want to go there alone， Im afraid of the dog其后名詞，表示對(duì)，某物的害怕。Mary is afraid of making mistakeshe exam其后 of 動(dòng)名詞，表示害怕做某事。Mary is afraid to see the teacher because she didnt do wellhe exam其后 不定式，表示不敢去做某事。誤 - How soon will you be ready?- Two da

10、ys正 - How soon will you be ready?-wo days析 此題關(guān)鍵是要根據(jù)情景，身臨其境，要注意的是對(duì)方問(wèn)了什么，就應(yīng)答什么?；虼鹆耸裁淳蛻?yīng)問(wèn)什么。 How soon 問(wèn)的是還有多久才能作完，這時(shí)要用wo days， 即在兩小時(shí)之內(nèi)即可以作完。如用 How long 提問(wèn)，則答語(yǔ)可以用 two days。誤 - Would you mind if I have some time off?- I dont mind- Monday and Tuesday of nextk正 - Would you mind if I have some time off?- Whe

11、n exactly- Monday and Tuesday of nextk析 有的是復(fù)雜的，稍有不慎就有可能，而且英語(yǔ)中如了是不容易找出錯(cuò)來(lái)的。 I dont mind 是可以用來(lái)回答 Would you mind這一提問(wèn)的，但如仔細(xì)看一看則要選用的不是陳述句而是疑問(wèn)句。根據(jù)下面一句的答語(yǔ)來(lái)判定要用 when exactly?會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)什么時(shí)間，這樣才能與下句中具體的時(shí)間相符合。誤 Supe your name is TomThe phone rings and you pick it upTheword you saywill probably be Who are you?正 Supe yo

12、ur name is TomThe phone rings and you pick it upTheword you saywill probably be o? This is Tom speaking?析 在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中，用法實(shí)際上在某種情況，或某種意義上講比語(yǔ)法更為重要。如果只從句子的角度上去分析，它們可能都是對(duì)的。比如，當(dāng)你拿起時(shí)，如果你想知道對(duì)方是誰(shuí)，可以問(wèn)Whost(speaking)?但不要講Who are you?如果你想先介紹一下自己可以講This is speaking而不要講Im也不要講My name is 就語(yǔ)法而論，Who are you? I m My name i

13、s 并不錯(cuò)，也是英語(yǔ)中可用的句子，但就打這一場(chǎng)合，就不宜用了。誤 - Do you think its going to rain over thekend?- I dont hope so正 - Do you think its going to rain over thekend?- I hope not析 由于初學(xué)者對(duì)實(shí)際英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)中表達(dá)感情意愿的答語(yǔ)不熟悉，如在肯定答語(yǔ)中 I thinksoI hope soI beve so是相同的，但在否定句中卻常用 I dont think so但 I dontbeve so和 I dont hope so則意為：我不信此事和我不希望此事發(fā)生。而

14、I bevenot和 I hope not則為：可能不會(huì)發(fā)生吧!誤 - Is anybody there?- No， Bob and Tom have asked for leave正 - Is everybody there?- No， Bob and Tom have asked for leave析 許多學(xué)生在寫(xiě)作和選擇答語(yǔ)或問(wèn)句時(shí)總要語(yǔ)法，而不是用語(yǔ)在先。所以總是要拘泥疑問(wèn)句中的不定代詞，用 anybody。 但是 Is anybody there? 在英語(yǔ)中為：這里有人嗎?而 Is everybody there?為：全都到齊了嗎?所以首先要考慮的是其答語(yǔ)。 No， Bob andT

15、om have asked for leave誤 - Your handwriting is very good!- No， my handwriting is very poor正 - Your handwriting is very good!-nk you析遇到別人稱贊，總是以謙遜為美德。但英美人則往往認(rèn)為自信是美德。所以當(dāng)別人夸獎(jiǎng)你或贊美你時(shí)，就應(yīng)說(shuō)：nk you見(jiàn)面時(shí)常講 Where are you又比如going? 或 Have you had your breakfast yet?而英美人則認(rèn)為你過(guò)多的干預(yù)別人的私生活了。而他們見(jiàn)面時(shí)往往問(wèn)一些無(wú)關(guān)緊要的話，如：o! How ar

16、e you going? (你過(guò)得怎樣)Morning! 等。而 good morning和How do you do則被認(rèn)為是較正規(guī)的問(wèn)候語(yǔ)，在日常生活中則十分少見(jiàn)。誤 When you have had dinner win American friend and want to leave you may say：Excuse meIll go正 When you have had dinner win American friend and want to leave you may say：Excuse meI have to go問(wèn)題。如果在這樣的場(chǎng)合你講 Ill析 這兩句答語(yǔ)都是

17、正確的，其關(guān)鍵不是語(yǔ)法，而是go朋友們會(huì)迷惑不解，而 I have to go則表示由于外界的特殊原因而造成的你要離去，而你本人則十分不愿做此事。誤 - Would you like to come to dinner tonight?- Id like to， and Im too busy正 - Would you like to come to dinner tonight?- Id like to， but Im too busy析 Im too busy與 Id like to在意義上正好相反。所以要用轉(zhuǎn)折連詞。這里考查了對(duì)詞義合乎邏輯的表達(dá)能力。所以要強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)言環(huán)境，更要強(qiáng)調(diào)在語(yǔ)言的

18、基礎(chǔ)上的詞語(yǔ)辨析。誤 - Wheres Deter?- Deter will come with us tonight but he isnt very sure yet正 - Wheres Deter?- Deter may come with us tonight but he isnt very sure yet析 由于 but 所引出的句子可以看出 Deter 的來(lái)與不來(lái)是十分不確定的，所以應(yīng)用 may來(lái)表達(dá)一個(gè)不肯定的事件。誤 - Hi， havent seen you for ages! You look fine!- GreatYou look well too正 - Hi， h

19、avent seen you for ages! You look fine!-nksYou look well too析 要注意的是 Great 在口語(yǔ)中多表示驚嘆，而nks 則表示感謝對(duì)方的稱贊。 所以對(duì)情景談話要有準(zhǔn)確的判定，要根據(jù)情景，身臨其境，上下對(duì)照，周密思考，弄合，注意英美人的風(fēng)俗，注重語(yǔ)義上的詞語(yǔ)辨析，并要進(jìn)行大量的語(yǔ)言實(shí)踐練習(xí)，擴(kuò)大實(shí)際交際能力。（三） 例題1- Would you like to have some rice?- AYes， I like BYes， please Cof course DYes， I have B.析 當(dāng)對(duì)方對(duì)你發(fā)出邀請(qǐng)的問(wèn)語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果你想接

20、受則講 Yes， please如不想接受則用No，nks2- Nice to see you- AGood morning BHappy to meet you， tooCNice to see you， too DPleased to meet you， too C.析 雖然 A、B、D 三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都可以作為某種問(wèn)候語(yǔ)的答語(yǔ)，但英語(yǔ)中問(wèn)候語(yǔ)的答語(yǔ)多用重復(fù)對(duì)方的話，以表達(dá)同樣的心情。3- Would you please give me some water?- AYes， I would BCertainly CNo，nks DYes， please B.析 當(dāng)對(duì)方發(fā)出十分禮貌的請(qǐng)求幫助的問(wèn)語(yǔ)

21、時(shí)，一般的回答是肯定的。而 Yes， please為是的，您請(qǐng)做某事吧。這一含意顯然不對(duì)。4-nk you very much for helme- AYouree BIt doesnt matterCNo need DDont sayt A.析 Youree 譯為中文為：不用謝。而It doesnt matter 則為：沒(méi)關(guān)系。5-o， LucyHow are you?- And you?AFine，nks BYes， I amCGlad to meet you DGood afternoon A.析 在正常交往中一定要避免所問(wèn)非所答。所以對(duì) How are you? 的答語(yǔ)應(yīng)為很好，謝謝!

22、6- Help yourself to some meat- AIt sounds nice BYes， pleaseCYes， Lets help each other Dnk you D.析 Help yourself to some meat 你自己拿些肉吃吧。其意為主人勸客人不要客氣，像在家里一樣。7- Oh， I am not feeling wellIve got a cold- AFine， How are you? BNever mindTake careCWell， I m sure to getl soon DIm sorry to heart D.用語(yǔ)，而 B、C 則析

23、這是、英國(guó)的人常講的答語(yǔ)。8- Meimei you speak English very well- ANo， I dont think so Bnk you very muchCNot good enough Dts B.9- Kate， could you answer theephone， please?- , MumIll get itAYes， I could BNo，nksCOKDYes， but I have no time C.析 要注意 could 用于口語(yǔ)中是為了的口氣委婉，但它不是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，也不是助動(dòng)詞，而應(yīng)看作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。所以在答語(yǔ)中則不應(yīng)這樣用。10- Could y

24、ou look aftolly for me while were away?- ANo，nksBWith pleasureCIm not afraidDIm sure you will B.析 With pleasure是英語(yǔ)中的一句十分客氣的答語(yǔ)，用在當(dāng)對(duì)方因你的幫助或你的許諾向你道謝時(shí)，表達(dá)自己十分樂(lè)意為對(duì)方效力的口氣。11-o! Could I speak to the headmaster， please?- AHold on， please Bts the headmaster， pleaseCWho are you ? please DSorryIm not the headma

25、ster A.析 hold on， please是指請(qǐng)對(duì)方等一等不要將放下的用語(yǔ)。如果要講我就是的話不能用t， 而要用 this， 在用語(yǔ)中t 指對(duì)方， this 指自己。12- Happy birthday!- Ank you BThe same to youCGood luck DCongratulations A.析 the same to you是同樣祝賀對(duì)方的意思，不能用于生日這一祝賀語(yǔ)，除非兩人的生日在同一天。13- Im sorry I dont know the way， eitherYoud better asktman for help- AGood night Bts n

26、othingCVery well Dnk you all the same D.析 當(dāng)方求助時(shí)，對(duì)方為力，這時(shí)的感謝語(yǔ)則為nk you all the same意為不管如何還是要你。14- I fell and hurt my leg lastk， So I cant do anything- AIm sorry BDont worryCGood luck DBad luck D.析 如果用 A 則要用 Im sorry to heart而不能單用 Im sorry因 Im sorry 是方道歉。而 bad luck 為真是不幸啊。15- - I have got a coughAWhats

27、your trouble? BWhave you got?CWhy did you come here? DHave you got a cough? A.析 Whats your trouble? 多用于問(wèn)對(duì)方問(wèn)題、麻煩或得了什么病。這種用語(yǔ)還有Whats wrong with you?16- Would you like to go shopwith me?- AYes， Id love to Bts rightCYes， please DQuite well A.析 表示愿意作某事應(yīng)講：Id love toId like to17- Whats the weather like toda

28、y!- AIts nice for a walk BI like autumn best of allCIt will be fine tomorrow DIts rather cold today D.析 本題要注意問(wèn)的是什么，不要所問(wèn)非所答。因問(wèn)題是今天的天氣怎樣，所以只能選D18- Is Jane in ，please? I want to speak to her- Sorry， she is outYoud better Avisit herhe office Bcall her laterCsee her this afternoon Dspeak to her yourself

29、B.析 call her later 晚些時(shí)候再來(lái)。19- - Very well，nk you， and you?AHow do you do? BGood morningare you these days? DHow do you like English? C.析 本題是由答語(yǔ)來(lái)推斷問(wèn)話，所以應(yīng)熟悉英語(yǔ)的問(wèn)答： How do you do? 的答語(yǔ)應(yīng)為 How do you do?20- How is your mother?- AShe is old BShe is no bettern she wasCShe is kindhearted DShe is in her fortie

30、s B.析 How is your mother? 問(wèn)的是你媽身體如何，而 B 選項(xiàng)則是她不比以前強(qiáng)。而其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)則是所問(wèn)非所答。21-nk you very much for your help- AYouree BPlease dontCTheres no trouble DNo， no A.22Your uncle has taken you to the cinemaAfterwards younk himHe says AIt was nothing BIm glad you enjoyed itCDont say it DNo， neednt B.析 這是英語(yǔ)的答語(yǔ)，千萬(wàn)不要選A

31、，因它是中文的答語(yǔ)。23-nk you for your good present- AIts not good BNo， noCMy pleasure DNever mind C.24When someone did a good deed for you， you should say A.you are too good B.Its very kind of youC.you are very kind D.Illnk you B.25- I am very sorryI am late for dinner- A.No， you arent B.tsC.Yes，you are D.No

32、，you dont B.析ts沒(méi)關(guān)系。26- Im sorry if I hurt you- AIm sorry BIts not trueCIt doesnt matter DDont say sorry C.27- I should have gone to see the exhibition with you- AIm sorry BWhat a pityCIt doesnt matter to me Dts terrible B.析 What a pity. 真遺憾。第一句應(yīng)為該和你一起去展覽會(huì)。28- Help yourself to some fish- AYou are ver

33、y kind BYes， Im helmyselfCnk you DYes， dont worry about me C.29- Are you ready?- AIm very sorry BTry to be patientCNot yet， wait a minute DDo you have the time，please? C.析 not yet 意為還沒(méi)有完成。30- Mum， I have passed the exam- AtsBCongratulationsCYou are luck DGood luck to you B.31- I think I have to leav

34、eI hope we can get together again- ABtsCOKDI hope so， too D.32Must I wait till he comes back?ANo， you neednt BNo， you musCNo， you may not DNo， you cant A.析 must 提問(wèn)表示必須這樣做嗎?而肯定句要用 must， 表示必須做，而否定句則要用neednt 表示沒(méi)有必要做。33- I pay you the house rent right away?- Yes， you have totAShall BWay CMust DHave C.34

35、- Dont you think this colour is too bright?- AYes， I agree BYes， but I dont think soCYes， of course not DYes， whats wrong? A.35- It was cold yesterday- ASo was it BSo it wasCI beve not so DI beve not B.析 當(dāng)答語(yǔ)只是重復(fù)對(duì)方講的話時(shí)，則不用倒裝。因so it was 即為：是的，天氣昨天很冷。而當(dāng)講前面講的動(dòng)作也適合于另一個(gè)人時(shí)，則要倒裝。如： I went to the cinemayeste

36、rdaySo did I表示對(duì)方去了院，我也去了。36- What do you think of the song?- AI like music very much BI like it tooCWith pleasure DIt sounds st D.析 sound 在這里是系動(dòng)詞，為聽(tīng)起來(lái)很甜美。系動(dòng)詞后要用形容詞，而不要用語(yǔ)態(tài)。37Do you like tea or coffee? AYes， I do Bnk youCts fine DEither will do D.析 either will do為兩者哪個(gè)都可以。38I like your sweater very muchANo， its ugly BSorrynk you DYoureeC C.析 這是英美語(yǔ)言的。39He likes travelling by trainASoBI dosCI lik