英漢轉(zhuǎn)換翻譯

1、翻譯技巧 -詞類轉(zhuǎn)換法1Those small factories are also lavish consumers, and wasters, of raw materials.原譯：那些小廠還是原材料的消費(fèi)者和浪費(fèi)者。改譯：那些小廠還極大地消耗和浪費(fèi)了原材料。2This watch never varies more than a second in a month.這塊表一個月的誤差從不超過一秒鐘。Bright warm days follow clear cool nights.白日明媚溫暖，夜晚清澈涼爽。3在翻譯過程中， 如果絕對地按照原語的詞性進(jìn)行翻譯，有時譯文會顯得晦澀或不符合

2、譯語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。這時， 我們可以對原語的詞性進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換翻譯。英譯漢中常見的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換有以下幾個方面。4一、 轉(zhuǎn)譯成動詞 (Converting into verbs)1. 名詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成動詞（ n.-v. ）英語中具有動作意義的名詞，漢譯時往往可轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞。Families upstairs have to carry pails to the hydrant downstairs for water. 住在樓上的人家得提著水桶去樓下的水龍頭打水。(5 verbs)They went on strike in demand of a 40 percent wage increase. 他們舉行罷工，要

3、求工資增加40%。Give me liberty or give me death. 不自由， 毋寧死。He is an enemy to reform. 他反對改革。5 I am afraid I cant teach you English. I think my daughter is a better teacher than I. 恐怕我教不了你英語，我想我女兒比我教得好。 The operation of a computer needs some knowledge of English. 操作電腦需要一些英語知識。2. 介詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成動詞（prep.-v.）The road to

4、development is long but we are firmly on it.發(fā)展的道路雖然漫長，可我們已堅(jiān)定地走上了這條路。He is walking in the park with an umbrella in his hand. 他在公園散步，手里拿著一把傘。6It is our goal that the people in the undeveloped areas will be finally off poverty. 我們的目標(biāo)是使不發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)的人民最終擺脫貧困。The company has advertised in the newspaper for elect

5、ronic experts. 公司在報(bào)上登廣告招聘電子方面的專家。A force is needed to move an object against inertia.為使物體克服慣性而運(yùn)動，就需要一個力。7“Coming!” Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the verandah, and into the porch. “來啦！”她轉(zhuǎn)身蹦跳著越過草地，跑上小徑，跨上臺階，穿過涼臺，進(jìn)了門廊。Party officials worked long hours on meager food,

6、 in cold caves, by dim lamps. 黨的干部每天長時間工作，吃的是粗茶淡飯，住的是冰冷的窯洞，點(diǎn)的是黯淡的油燈。8The work at the weather observation stations goes on regularly without any interruption, in spite of any weather conditions.不管天氣情況如何，氣象觀察站的工作都正常進(jìn)行，毫不間斷。Metals can be welded by means of heat produced by a current.金屬可以用電流產(chǎn)生的熱來進(jìn)行焊接。93

7、 形容詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成動詞（adj.-v.）Doctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life. 醫(yī)生說他們不敢肯定能否救得了他的命。Dont be afraid of those who might have a better idea or who might even be smarter than you are. 不要恐懼那些想法可能比你高明，或者那些可能比你更聰明的人。Is Mr. Smith familiar with the performance of the laboratory equipment? 史密

8、斯先生熟悉實(shí)驗(yàn)室設(shè)備的性能嗎？Both of the substances are soluble in water. 兩種物質(zhì)都能溶于水。10 4. 副詞轉(zhuǎn)譯為動詞（adv.-v.）What film will be on this evening? 今晚放映什么影片？That book will be out pretty soon. 那本書不久就要出版了。In those years the republicans were in. 那些年是共和黨執(zhí)政。Double windows were fixed to keep the cold out. 安裝雙層窗御寒。動名詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成動詞（ger

9、und-v.） The origin of this particular culture is far from clearing. 這種奇特的文化根源遠(yuǎn)沒有弄清楚。11二轉(zhuǎn)譯成名詞 (Converting into Nouns) 當(dāng)英語動詞的意義不易用漢語動詞表達(dá)，或不能表達(dá)得很準(zhǔn)確時，可以把動詞轉(zhuǎn)譯為名詞。1. 動詞轉(zhuǎn)移為名詞 （v.-n.）The mountaineers set up another camp the third day when 6,500 ft. was read from the altimeter(高度表). 登山運(yùn)動員第三天建立了另一座營地，當(dāng)時高度表的讀數(shù)

10、為6500英尺。Harry aims to become a computer expert. 哈里的目標(biāo)是成為計(jì)算機(jī)專家。Your work is characterized by lack of attention to detail. 你工作的毛病是不注意細(xì)節(jié)。（粗心大意）The machine weighs about five hundred kilograms. 這臺機(jī)器的重量是500公斤。12*When light falls on certain things, it bounces back, which we say the light is reflected. 光照到某

11、種物體上會彈回來，這種情況我們稱之為光受到反射。注意： 如果英語動詞譯成漢語動詞時跟前后的修飾語不好搭配；或搭配起來不符合漢語習(xí)慣，可以把動詞譯成名詞，再在名詞前加上與之搭配的動詞。*The youths always dream fondly of their future. 年輕人對前途總是懷有美好的夢想。*Independent observers have commented favorably on the achievements you have made in this direction. 有獨(dú)立見解的觀察家們對你們在這方面所取得的成就給予了很高的評價。132. 形容詞轉(zhuǎn)譯為

12、名詞 （adj.-n. ） 有些形容詞在翻譯時如不易或不能用適宜的漢語形容詞表達(dá)，可改用名詞表達(dá)。The day was cloudy but the sun was trying to come through. 天上有云，不過太陽就要破云而出了。Obedience is obligatory on a soldier. 服從命令是軍人的天職。Many Western people are religious. 很多西方人/西方人多數(shù)都是虔誠的教徒。In the fission(裂變) process the fission fragments are very radioactive. 在

13、裂變過程中，裂變碎片具有強(qiáng)烈的放射性。It is a fact that glass is much more soluble than quarts(石英).事實(shí)上，玻璃的可溶性比石英大得多。14They did their best to help the sick and the wounded.他們盡了最大的努力幫助病號和傷員。Both the compounds are acids, the former is strong, the latter weak.這兩種化合物都是酸，前者是強(qiáng)酸，后者是弱酸。153. 代詞轉(zhuǎn)譯為名詞 （pron. - n.）Radio waves are

14、similar to light waves except that their wavelength is much greater. 無線電波與光波相似，但無線電波的波長要長得多。The specific resistance (電阻系數(shù)) of iron is not so small as that of copper. 鐵的電阻系數(shù)不如銅的電阻系數(shù)那樣少。The result of this experiment is much better than those of previous ones.這次試驗(yàn)的結(jié)果比前幾次的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果都好得多。164. 副詞轉(zhuǎn)譯為名詞 （adv. - n

15、.）It was officially announced that the President had decided to postpone his visit to the Middle East. 官方宣布，總統(tǒng)已決定推遲出訪中東。Oxygen is one of the most important elements in the physical world, and it is very active chemically. 氧是物質(zhì)世界最重要的元素之一，其化學(xué)性能很活潑。171. 名詞轉(zhuǎn)化成形容詞 （Nouns Converted into Adjectives)This ex

16、periment was a success. 這個實(shí)驗(yàn)很成功。The pallor (蒼白)of her face indicated clearly how she was feeling at the moment.她蒼白的臉色清楚地表明了她那時的情緒。三轉(zhuǎn)譯成形容詞 （conversion into Adjectives)18They admitted the feasibility of our proposal.他們承認(rèn)我們的建議是可行的。The laws of thermodynamics are of prime importance in the study of heat.

17、熱力學(xué)理論對研究熱是很重要的。192. 副詞轉(zhuǎn)化成形容詞（Adverbs converted into Adjectives)Earthquakes are closely relating to faulting.地震與地層斷裂有密切的關(guān)系。Her speech impressed us deeply.她的講演給我們以深刻的印象。The pressure inside equals the pressure outside.內(nèi)部的壓力和外部的壓力相等。Many plants here are of modern construction.這兒的許多工廠是現(xiàn)代建筑。He is physical

18、ly weak but mentally sound.他身體雖弱，但心智健全。 (adv. - n.)How can it be proved that gases are perfectly elastic (彈性的)?如何證明氣體具有理想的彈性呢？20四轉(zhuǎn)譯成副詞 （conversion into Adverbs)1.形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化成副詞 （Adjectives Converted into Adverbs)Before 4C,water is in continuous expansion instead of continuous contraction. 水在4攝氏度以下就不斷地膨脹，而

19、不是不斷地收縮。Only when we study their properties can we make better use of the materials. 只有研究這些材料的特性才能更好地利用它們。212.名詞和動詞轉(zhuǎn)化成副詞 （Nouns and Verbs Converted into Adverbs)I have the honor to inform you that your request is granted. 我榮幸地通知您，您的請求已得到批準(zhǔn)。Rapid evaporation at the heating-surface tends to make the s

20、team wet. 加熱面上的迅速蒸發(fā)，往往使蒸汽的濕度變大。22五句子成分的轉(zhuǎn)換 （conversion of Sentence Elements)As the match burns, heat and light are given off.This sort of stone has a relative density of 2.7.火柴燃燒時發(fā)出光和熱。這種石頭的相對密度是2.7。233. Care must be taken at all times to protect the instrument from dust and damp.4. The test is inten

21、ded to reinforce what you have learnt in the past few weeks.應(yīng)當(dāng)始終注意保護(hù)儀器，不使其沾染灰塵和受潮。這次測驗(yàn)的目的是，強(qiáng)化你們過去幾周內(nèi)所學(xué)的知識。24Ex.You are a greater blockhead (傻瓜) than I had supposed you to be. 你比我所想象的要傻得多（n.adj.）Our government shows great concern for the Chinese resident abroad. 我國政府十分關(guān)心海外華僑。 (adv. adj.)His address i

22、mpressed me deeply. 他的講話給我留下很深的印象。(adv. adj.)From the front, back and both sides we kept a strict watch on the enemy. 我們在前后左右嚴(yán)密地監(jiān)視敵人。(adj. adv.)25He is the right man Im looking for. 他正是我在找的人。 (adj. adv.)The unit of weight is the gram, that of length is the meter, and that of capacity is the liter. 重量單位是克，長度單位是米，容量單位是升。(pron n.)The machine can dimensionally be changeable according to consumers need. 機(jī)器的大?。ɑ虺叽纾┛梢愿鶕?jù)用戶的需要改變。(ad. n.)All you have done is proportional to all you have achieved