高中英語必修二 Section Ⅳ Discovering Useful Structures-過去分詞作表語和狀語

1、Section Discovering Useful Structures過去分詞作表語和狀語一、過去分詞作表語1.基本用法合作探究From now on I will not be much too discouraged at failures.從現(xiàn)在開始，對于失敗我不會太氣餒。On the first day of new term, we remained seated, excited, waiting for our new teacher turning up.在新學期的第一天，我們興奮地坐在教室里，等待著新老師的到來。自主發(fā)現(xiàn)1過去分詞可放在連系動詞be,_remain,_ge

2、t, feel, seem, look, become等之后作表語，構(gòu)成“主系表”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示主語所處的狀態(tài)。名師提醒很多作表語的過去分詞已經(jīng)具備了形容詞的性質(zhì)，如：tired, amused, pleased等。2.過去分詞作表語時與被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別合作探究The window is broken.窗戶破了。(狀態(tài))The window was broken by Tom.窗戶被湯姆打破了。(動作)自主發(fā)現(xiàn)2過去分詞作表語表示主語的狀態(tài)，常常在be，get，remain等系動詞后；而被動語態(tài)則表示被動的動作，通常由助動詞be(有時也用get)構(gòu)成，后面可由by引出動作的執(zhí)行者。名師提醒(1)被動

3、語態(tài)常由much，greatly等副詞修飾，而系表結(jié)構(gòu)常由very，quite，rather，too，so等副詞修飾。(2)當句中含有時間、地點或方式狀語時多半是被動語態(tài)。3.現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別合作探究At this very moment, my parents came back and were quite surprised to see all the rooms tidy and floors shining.就在這時，我的父母回來了，他們十分吃驚地看到所有屋子很整潔，地板光亮。His words were discouraging, which made many p

4、eople discouraged.他的話令人泄氣，使得很多人灰心喪氣。自主發(fā)現(xiàn)3英語中某些動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞多用來修飾物，意義為“令人”而其過去分詞多用來指人、人的聲音或表情等，表示主語處于某種狀態(tài)中。二、過去分詞作狀語1.過去分詞作狀語的功能和位置合作探究Built many centuries ago, the temple looks rather bad.寺廟建于幾個世紀之前，看起來很糟糕。Discussed many times, the problem was settled.經(jīng)過多次討論后，這個問題終于得到解決。He rushed in，followed by his classm

5、ates.他闖了進來，后面跟著他的同學們。自主發(fā)現(xiàn)4(1)過去分詞作狀語，其邏輯主語常常就是句子的主語，且主語是過去分詞所表示的動作的承受者，即過去分詞所表示的動作與句子的主語構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系。(2)過去分詞作條件、原因及時間狀語時，通常放于句首；作伴隨狀語時，通常放于句末；作方式狀語時，一般放于句末，有時也放于句首；作讓步狀語時，一般放于句首，有時也可放于句末。名師提醒過去分詞的邏輯主語和句子的主語不一致時，需要加上自己的主語，構(gòu)成獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。He was listening attentively，his eyes fixed on the blackboard.他專心聽講，眼睛緊盯著黑板。

6、2.過去分詞作狀語的種類合作探究Asked what had happened(When he was asked what had happened)，he lowered his head.當被問到發(fā)生了什么事情的時候，他低下了頭。Absorbed in painting(As he was absorbed in painting), John didnt notice evening approaching.由于在全神貫注地畫畫，約翰沒有察覺到夜幕降臨了。Given another hour(If I am given another hour)，I can also work out

7、 this problem.如果再給我一個小時，我也能把這道題算出來。Beaten by the opposite team(Though we were beaten by the opposite team)，we didnt lose heart and encouraged each other.雖然被對方的隊打敗了，但我們并沒有灰心并且相互鼓勵。The woman scientist entered the lab，followed by her assistants.這位女科學家進入了實驗室，后面跟著她的助手。自主發(fā)現(xiàn)5(1)表示時間；相當于when, while等引導的時間狀語從

8、句。(2)表示原因；相當于because, since, as等引導的原因狀語從句。(3)表示條件；相當于if引導的條件狀語從句。(4)表示讓步；相當于although, though, even if, even though等引導的讓步狀語從句。(5)表示方式或伴隨。3.過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時的區(qū)別語法邏輯關(guān)系時間概念過去分詞作狀語句子主語與分詞表示的動作之間存在邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。發(fā)生于謂語動詞所表示的動作之前或表示一種狀態(tài)，與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生或存在?，F(xiàn)在分詞作狀語句子主語與分詞表示的動作之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。一般式(doing)所表示的動作與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)

9、生或幾乎同時發(fā)生；完成式(having done)所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前。Seen at a distance, the painting seems much more beautiful.從遠處看，這幅畫似乎要漂亮得多。(see與句子的主語是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系)Not knowing how to work out the difficult physics problem, he asked the teacher for help.由于不知道如何解這道物理難題，他向老師求助。(know與句子的主語是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系)鞏固內(nèi)化1用所給動詞的適當形式填空There wer

10、e many people waiting at the bus stop，and some of them looked very anxious and disappointed (disappoint).Yanan，a city，which is_located (locate) in northern Shanxi Province，has seen great progress in its tourism industry over the past few years.While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted (promo

11、te), Henry did his best to perform his duty.鞏固內(nèi)化2對比填空The frightened look on her face suggested that she was frightened,_for the scene was frightening.(frighten)The news was exciting and they were all excited at it.(excite)The news was encouraging and we all felt encouraged.(encourage)The film was mo

12、ving and the audience were all moved to tears.(move)鞏固內(nèi)化3用所給詞的適當形式填空Raised (raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.Children, when accompanied (accompany) by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.Founded (found) in the early 20th century,

13、 the school keeps on inspiring childrens love of art.Translated (translate) into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.鞏固內(nèi)化4同義句轉(zhuǎn)換When it is seen from the top of the hill, the town looks more beautiful.Seen_from_the_top_of_the_hill,_the town looks more beautiful.Bec

14、ause they were deeply moved by the film, the children began to cry.Deeply_moved_by_the_film,_the children began to cry.If we were given more time, we could do it much better.Given_more_time,_we could do it much better.The president of the company came to the factory, and he was followed by some work

15、ers.The president of the company came to the factory, followed_by_some_workers.鞏固內(nèi)化5對比填空When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed, telling (tell) me stories till I fell asleep.Where is Jimmy?Just now I saw him sitting under the tree，absorbed (absorb) in his video games.補全句子1.So_pleased_to_l

16、earn_that there will be a Chinese painting exhibition at the local gallery, I am writing to you in the hope of being accepted as a volunteer.十分高興得知在當?shù)孛佬g(shù)館有一場中國繪畫展覽，我給您寫信希望能被接受為志愿者。2.I_am_convinced_that with our joint efforts we can undoubtedly get good results.我確信在我們共同努力下，我們一定會取得好的結(jié)果。3.Moreover，the_s

17、cenery_along_the_river_is_amazing,_with many wellknown sightseeing spots.另外，沿江風景令人嘆為觀止，擁有很多著名的觀光景點。4.I know you_are_worried_about_your_study and dont know how to adapt yourself to the new environment.我知道你在擔心你的學習，不知道怎么樣融入新的環(huán)境中。5.We_always_become_puzzled when we go to a new environment because we dont

18、 know anything about the people around us.當進入一個新的環(huán)境時，我們總是變得困惑，因為我們不了解周圍的任何人。6.Given_another_five_minutes，I could finish writing the letter.再給5分鐘，我就會寫完這封信。7.Encouraged_by_her_words,_he works harder.被她的話鼓舞著，他更加努力地工作。8.Laughed_by_many_people,_he continued his study.盡管被很多人嘲笑，他繼續(xù)進行他的研究。9.He came in，followed_by_his_daughter.他走進來，后面跟著他的女兒。.用所給動詞的適當形式完成下面短文1.Observed(observe)on January