年5月錄屏0512閱讀理科作業(yè)

1、理科閱讀作業(yè)目錄Passage 11Passage 22Passage 14Passage 25Passage 35Passage 1（）Visual recognition involves storing andretrieving memories. Neural activity, triggered by the eye, forms an image in the brainsis matched with the retinal image in a singleoperation. Othsychologists have proed15ternalrepresenionfea

2、turesarememory systemt constitutes anernalmatched serially with an objectsAlthough some experiments showfeatures. t, as anernalrepresenion of the viewed object. When anobject is encountered again, it is matched with5objectrepresenionesfamiliar,itsitsernalrepresenionandtherebyes more holistic and the

3、s correspondingly more20recognized.Controversysurroundstherecognition proquestion of whether recognition is a parallel,one-step pros or a serial, step-by-step one.parallel, the weight of evidence seems tosupport the serial hypothesis, at least for10Psychologists of the Gestalt school mat objects are

4、 recognized as wholesainin a ionobjectsfamiliar.t are not notably simple and25parallel procedure: theernal represenThe author is primarily concerned withexplaining how the brain receives imagessynthesizing hypotheses of visual recognition(C) examining the evidenupporting the serial recognition hypot

5、hesis(D) discussing visual recognition and some hypotheses proed to explain it(E) reporting on recent experiments dealing with memory systems and their relationship to neuralactivity2.According to the passage, Gestalt psychologists make which of the following supvisual recognition?itions aboutI. A r

6、etinal image is in exactly the same forms as itsernal represenion.II. An object is recognized as a whole without any need forysiso component parts.III. The matching of an object with itsII onlyIII onlyI and III onlyII and III onlyI, II, and IIIernal represenion occurs in only one step.It can be infe

7、rred from the passagenot a neural activityt the matching pros in visual recognition isnotnotonlysible when an object is viewed for the verytimesible if a feature of a familiar object is changed in some waysible when a retinal image is receivedhe brain as a unitary whole(E) now fully understood as a

8、combination of the serial and parallel proses4. It terms of its tone and form, the passage can best be characterized as(A) a biased exition(B) a speculative study(C) a dispasate presenionan indignant deniala dogmatic explanationPassage 2（中國）Although the hormone adrenaline is known to regulate memory

9、 storage, it does not passfoundt glucose injected immediay aftertraining enhanmemory tested the next day.from the bloodo brain cells. We are facedAdditional evidence was provided by negativefindings: drugs called adrenergic antagonists, which block peripheral adrenaline receptors,15win apparent para

10、dox: how can a hormonet does not act directly on the brain have5such a large effect on brain function? Recently,disrupted adrenalines ability toregulate memoryt waswe tested thesibilityt one of thememorybutdidnotaffecthormones actions outside the brain might be responsible. Since one consequence of

11、adrenaline release in an animal is an increase in blood glucose levels, we examined theeffects of glucose on memory in rats. Weenhancements produced by glucose20not stimulated by adrenaline. These results are as they should be if adrenaline affects memory modulation by increasing blood glucoselevels

12、.101. The primary pure of the passage is to(A) reconcile two oping theories(B) compare two different explanations for a phenomenon(C) describe experimental researcht appears to support an unpopular theory(D) present evidencet may help to resolve an apparent contradiction(E) describe a hypothesiss ca

13、use a controversy2.It can be inferred from thepassaget the author would most likely describe the “additionalevidence” (line 12) provided by experiments wirevolutionarydisappoingdrenergic antagonists as(C)pleteunexpectedcorroborativeThe passage provides information about which of the following topics

14、?The mechanism by which glucose affects memory storageThe evidencet prompted scientist to test the effects of adrenaline on memory regulationThe reasont the effects of glucose on memory were tested(D) The wayst memory storage modifies the structure of the brain(E) The kinds of training used to test

15、memory enhancement in rats4. The author refers to the results of the experiment using adrenergic antagonists as “negative findings”(line 13) most likely because the adrenergic antagonists(A) failed to disrupt adrenaliffect on memorydid not affect glucoses ability to enhance memorydid not block adren

16、alines ability to increase blood glucose levelsonly partially affected adrenalines ability to enhance memory(E) disrupted bodrenalines and glucoses effect on memoryPassage 3（）The whole biosphere, like the individualanismst live insideit, exists in ahis homeosic anic compoundschemically dynamic se.sy

17、stem, a great number ofare synthesized, transformed, andedses5continuously;together,theseproconstitute the major parts of the carbon cycle.For the smooth operation of this cycle, degradation is just as important as synthesis:the green plants produce greatties of10polymers, such as cellulose, and inn

18、umerableother compounds like alkaloids, tenes, andflavonoids,t green plants cannot use assourof energy during respiration. Therelease of the carbonhese compounds for15recycling depends almost entirely on theaction of boerobic and anaerobic bacteriaand certaypes of fungi. Some bacteria andfungisess t

19、he unique and extremelyimportant biochemical asset of being able to catalyze the oxidation of numerous inert products, thereby initiating reaction sequent produce carbon dioxide and so return20much carbon to a formlife cycles once again.t actively enterso251. The passage contains informationt would

20、answer which of the following questions about thecarbon cycle?I. What are some of the compoundst are broken downhe carbon cycle?II. Why are some compoundst are involvedhe carbon cycle less reactiven others?III. What role do bacteria and fungi playI onlyII onlyIII onlyI and II onlyI and III onlyhe ca

21、rbon cycle?2.The author impst which of the following is the primary reasont degradation is asimportant as synthesis to the smooth operation of the carbon cycle?(A) Most of the polymers andunstable.anic compounds foundhe plant kingdom are chemically(B) The synthesis of someanic material deprives life

22、 proses of an energy source.(C)substan(D) Manyition permits the recycling of carbont would otherwise be fixed in certain.anisms cannot use plants as a source of food, ban feed on bacteria and fungi.(E) Bacteria and fungi could not survive if some carbon compounds were not degraded.3. The authors con

23、tention about the importance of bacteria and fungihe production of energyfor life protrue?ses would be most clearly strengthened if which of the following were found to be(A) Both aerobes and anaerobes provide souranic material.of energy through theition of(B) Most compounds containing carbon are un

24、available as energy sourbacteria and fungi.except to some(C) Bacteria and fungi break down inert material in wayst do not involve oxidation.(D) Many compounds remain inert, evenhe presence of bacteria and fungi.(E) Bacteria and fungi assisthe synthesis of manyanic compounds.Passage 1【參考譯文】視覺神經(jīng)生理心理學(xué)：比較視覺識別的完形心理學(xué)觀點(diǎn)和非完形心理學(xué)觀點(diǎn)視覺識別包括對的和恢復(fù)。由眼睛激發(fā)的神經(jīng)活動在大腦系統(tǒng)中形成一個對被觀察物體內(nèi)在表達(dá)的圖像。當(dāng)?shù)诙斡龅竭@個物體時，就同該物體內(nèi)在表達(dá)的圖像相匹配，因而識別這個物體。爭論圍繞著“識別是一步到位、同時發(fā)生的，還是一步一步、連續(xù)發(fā)生的呢?”這樣而展開完形心理學(xué)派的心理學(xué)家堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，物體的識別是整體同時發(fā)生的:系統(tǒng)中的內(nèi)在表達(dá)同視網(wǎng)膜上圖形的匹配是在單一操作中完成的。其它學(xué)派的心理學(xué)家則提出，內(nèi)在表達(dá)特征