名詞詞義辨析課件

1、 名詞詞義辨析中學(xué)個(gè)性化 王安妮 名詞在高考中的考查重點(diǎn)： 一般在單項(xiàng)選擇以及完型填空和短文改錯(cuò)中出現(xiàn)，絕大多數(shù)是考查名詞詞義辨析，名詞和表示數(shù)量詞結(jié)合的考查，以及主謂一致的考查以及在具體語(yǔ)境中的理解和應(yīng)用也將占有一席之地。 解題方法：1. 熟記近義名詞的辨析2. 熟記常見(jiàn)的不可數(shù)名詞，單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞，形單義復(fù)的名詞和集合名詞表示單復(fù)數(shù)的情況，如：advice, furniture, equipment; means, works (工廠), series; police, cattle；family, audience等等3. 掌握名詞的抽象化和具體化4. 掌握名詞的所有格5. 注意(復(fù)合

2、)名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)可單可復(fù)6. 熟記名詞與動(dòng)詞的固定搭配使用 1. clothes,cloth,clothing clothes: 統(tǒng)指各種衣服，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞永遠(yuǎn)是復(fù)數(shù)cloth: 指布，為不可數(shù)名詞(指某特殊用途的布時(shí)可數(shù) clothes)clothing: 服裝的總稱(chēng)，指一件衣服apieceof,anarticleofe.g. Most of our clothes are made of cloth. Customers are quite satisfied with our table clothes. Food and clothing are being trained to the q

3、uake-hit areas. This shop sells articles of mens clothing. 2. sound,voice,noise sound: 自然界各種各樣的聲音voice: 人的嗓音noise: 噪音e.g. Ihatetheloudnoiseoutside. We couldnt hear a sound here. 3. family,house,home home: 家，住所，強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)，居住的環(huán)境和地方house: 房子，住宅，建筑物本身family: 家庭，家庭成員 e.g. The two guys were seen . He post a

4、photo of his family which was suspected to be a fake one. 5. approach，means，method，wayapproach-原指接近某人或某物, 也可指對(duì)待或處理的方式或方法 1)approach to a place 2)approach to a task/problem/situationmeans-用于抽象意義, 可指為達(dá)到某目的而采用的方法、計(jì)劃、 政策、策略等, 尤指整套的方法, 1)means of doing sth. 2) do sth. by means of 3)by all means 4)by no m

5、eans 用于具體意義, 常指為達(dá)到某一目的所使用的工具、材料、機(jī) 器、用具、車(chē)船等 1)means of transportation method-指具體的、系統(tǒng)的、有步驟的方法, 強(qiáng)調(diào)條理性及高效率 1)teaching method/design method 2)the method of doing/to do sth.way-意為 “方式, 方法”, 可指具體的方法, 也可指抽象的方法, 多指 一 般的思想、行動(dòng)、辦事的方法, 也可指?jìng)€(gè)人特殊的方法、方式等 1) a way of doing/to do sth. 6. access，passage，way，approachacc

6、ess-指擁有某物，可以使用和利用某物approach-含有取得，獲得某物的過(guò)程 的意思waythe way to do/of doing方法passage走廊，通道【2009 浙江】The system has been designed to give students quick and easy _ to the digital resources of the library.A. access B. passage C. way D. approach 7. in terms of，in need of， in favor of，in praise of【2011 湖北卷,30】W

7、hen asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer to see him step aside _ younger men.A. in terms of B. in need ofC. in favor of D. in praise of 8. a number of ，amount of ， a quantity of ，an average ofa number of -許多 后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)amount of -一般加不可數(shù)名詞表數(shù)量, a quantity of- 既可以加

8、可數(shù)也可以加不可數(shù)an average of-表示平均數(shù)量 【2010 江西】Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving license reached 200,000, a (n) _ of 40,000 per year.A average B number C amount D quantity out of shape 變形out of date -過(guò)時(shí)out of order -混亂out of balance -失衡10. out of shape, out of date, out of order,

9、 out of balance 【2006 廣東】You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of_.A. date B. shape C. order D. balance 11. exchange，bargain，trade，businessexchange交易，交換，兌換，交易所bargain交易，契約，協(xié)議，便宜貨trade貿(mào)易，交易business商業(yè)，生意，事情 12. atmosphere，state，situation，surroundingatmosphere氣氛，氛圍，大氣，大氣層state狀態(tài)，情形，國(guó)家

10、，州situation情形，形勢(shì)，局面surrounding環(huán)境，周?chē)氖挛?【2008 湖北】The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly_A. atmosphere B. state C. situation D. phenomenon 13. out of touch, out of sight, out of reach, out of distanceout of touch不聯(lián)系，不接觸out of sight看不見(jiàn)，在視野之外out of reach手夠不著，拿不到out of dista

11、nce遠(yuǎn)離=far away 【2011 四川卷,13】Always remember to put such dangerous things as knives out of childrensA. touch B. sight C. reach D. distance sight-“景色”是可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，往往指眼見(jiàn)的景色，如供人游覽的“景”和“名勝”，但尤指人工制成的景。 One of the beautiful sights is the castle.那城堡是美景中的一個(gè)。scenery-不可數(shù)名詞，含不管是否映入眼簾的風(fēng)景。指某地總的自然風(fēng)景或景色，尤指美麗的鄉(xiāng)間景色。 The ro

12、ad passes through the most charming scenery. scene場(chǎng)面，情景，現(xiàn)場(chǎng) scene of the crime 犯罪現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。view-從一個(gè)特定點(diǎn)觀看到的景物, (尤指美麗的鄉(xiāng)村的自然)風(fēng)景/光、景色。多指從某一位置(如某一高處、遠(yuǎn)處、通過(guò)窗戶(hù)等某個(gè)角度所看見(jiàn)的)景物、風(fēng)景The mountain hotel offered magnificent views. You can get a wonderful view at the top the hill. 14. sight，scenery, scene, view 【2007 安徽】The pr

13、actice of hanging clothes across the street is a common _ in many parts of the city.A. look B. sign C. sight D. appearance【答案】C【考點(diǎn)定位】本題考查名詞辨析?！窘馕觥縮ight 風(fēng)景;look 表情，樣子;sign 跡象, 現(xiàn)象;appearance 出現(xiàn), 顯露。 【2007 陜西】He and his wife are of the same_ ;they both want their son to go to college.A.soul B.spirit C.

14、heart D.mind 16. Power，strength, force, energypower權(quán)力，權(quán)勢(shì)strength力氣，優(yōu)勢(shì)force力，武力energy精力 17.【2007 山東】I cant say which wine is best its a(n) _ of personal taste.A. affair B. event C. matter D. varietyaffair私事，事情，（關(guān)系不長(zhǎng)久的）風(fēng)流韻事 Married male supervisors were carrying on affairs with female subordinates in

15、the office. event事件，重要事情，大事 major sporting events 重大體育賽事matter問(wèn)題 a matter of time 時(shí)間問(wèn)題 18. sense和 feeling【2005 浙江】I am sure David will be able to find the library-he has a pretty good_ of direction.A. idea B. feeling C. experience D. sense 【答案】 D【解析】sense of direction指“方向感”。feeling指“感覺(jué)”，除身體外，還可指心理上的感覺(jué)。idea是“想法，意見(jiàn)”，experience意思是“經(jīng)歷”。 19. content，contest, concep