《英語語言學(xué)概論》試題學(xué)生版

1、英語語言學(xué)概論優(yōu)選試題11.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutlanguageisNOTtrueA.LanguageisasystemB.LanguageissymbolicC.AnimalsalsohavelanguageD.LanguageisarbitraryWhichofthefollowingfeaturesisNOToneofthedesignfeaturesoflanguageA.SymbolicB.DualityC.ProductiveD.ArbitraryWhatisthemostimportantfunctionoflanguageWhop

2、utforwardthedistinctionbetweenLangueandParoleA.SaussureB.ChomskyC.HallidayD.AnonymousAccordingtoChomsky,whichistheidealusersinternalizedknowledgeofhislanguageA.competenceB.paroleC.performanceD.langue6.ThefunctionofthesentenceAniceday,isntitis.A.informativeB.phaticC.directiveD.performative7.Articulat

3、oryphoneticsmainlystudies.A.thephysicalpropertiesofthesoundsproducedinspeechB.theperceptionofsoundsC.thecombinationofsoundsD.theproductionofsounds8.Thedistinctionbetweenvowelsandconsonantsliesin.A.theplaceofarticulationtheobstructionofairstreamthepositionofthetonguetheshapeofthelipsWhichisthebrancho

4、flinguisticswhichstudiesthecharacteristicsofspeechsoundsandprovidesmethodsfortheirdescription,classificationandtranscriptionA.PhoneticsB.PhonologyC.SemanticsD.PragmaticsWhichstudiesthesoundsystemsinacertainlanguagePhoneticsB.PhonologyC.SemanticsD.Pragmatics11.Minimalpairsareusedto.findthephonemesofa

5、languagecomparetwowordsfindtheallophonesoflanguage12.Usually,suprasegmentalfeaturesinclude_,lengthandpitch.A.phonemeB.speechsoundsC.syllablesD.stress13.WhichisanindispensablepartofasyllableA.CodaB.OnsetC.StemD.Peak三、判斷analystcollectssamplesofthelanguageasitisused,notaccordingtosomeviewsofhowitshould

6、beused.Thisiscalledtheprescriptiveapproach.Ftranscriptionisnormallyusedbythephoneticiansintheirstudyofspeechsounds.F臺州學(xué)院考試題ArticulatoryPhoneticsstudiesthephysicalpropertiesofspeechsounds.Englishisatypicalintonationlanguage.Phonesincomplementarydistributionshouldbeassignedtothesamephoneme.4.Linguisti

7、cc_isanativespeakerslinguisticknowledgeofhislanguage.Therelationshipbetweenthesoundandthemeaningofawordisa_.P_referstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse.Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthes_studyoflanguage.WhichofthefollowingbranchoflinguisticstakestheinnerstructureofwordasitsmainobjectofstudyA.Phonet

8、ics.B.Semantics.C.Morphology.D.Sociolinguistics.3.WhichofthefollowingisavoicelessbilabialstopA.w.B.m.C.b.D.p.6.WhatphoneticfeaturedistinguishesthepinpleaseandthepinspeakB.AspirationC.RoundnessD.Nasality11.Conventionallya_isputinslashes.A.allophoneB.phoneC.phonemeD.morpheme13.Languageistoolofcommunic

9、ation.Thesymbol“highwayclosed”serves_.A.anexpressivefunctionB.aninformativefunctionC.aperformativefunctionD.apersuasivefunction14.WhichofthefollowinggroupsofwordsisaminimalpairA.but/pubB.wet/whichC.cool/curlD.fail/find16.WhatarethedualstructuresoflanguageA.Soundsandletters.B.Soundsandmeaning.C.Lette

10、rsandmeaning.D.Soundsandsymbols.WhichofthefollowingisoneofthecorebranchesoflinguisticsPhonology.Psycho-linguistics.C.Sociolinguistics.D.Anthropology.IV.Translatethefollowinglinguisticterms:(10points,1pointeach)A.FromEnglishtoChineseB.FromChinesetoEnglish1.acousticphonetics應(yīng)用語言學(xué)2.closedclasswords4.di

11、stinctivefeaturesVI.Answerthefollowingquestionsbriefly.(20points)1.Definephoneme.(4points)2.Explaincomplementarydistributionwithanexample.(5points)3.WhatarethefourcriteriaforclassifyingEnglishvowels.(4points)問答答案1.Acontrastivephonologicalsegmentwhosephoneticrealizationsarepredictablebyrules.(4points

12、)(or:Aphonemeisaphonologicalunit;itisaunitthatisofdistinctivevalue.)2.Thesituationinwhichphonesneveroccurinthesamephoneticenvironment.（4points）.pandphneveroccurinthesameposition.（1point）thepositionofthetongueinthemouth(1point),theopennessofthemouth(1point),theshapeofthelips(1point),andthelengthofthe

13、vowels.(1point)Chapter1IntroductionstoLinguisticsI.Choosethebestanswer.(20%)1.humanA.contactC.relationLanguageisasystemof_B.communicationD.Communityarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedfor2.A.treeC.crashWhichofthefollowingwordsisentirelyarbitraryB.typewriterD.Bang？3.Thefunctionofthesentence“Waterboilsat100degre

14、esCentigrade.is_.A.interrogativeB.directive”C.informativeD.Performative4.InChinesewhensomeonebreaksabowloraplatethehostorthepeoplepresentarelikelytosay“碎碎（歲歲）安全”asameansofcontrollingwhichtheybelievesfeelmightaffecttheirlives.Whichfunctionstheforcesdoesitperform？A.InterpersonalB.EmotiveC.Performative

15、D.RecreationalWhichofthefollowingpropertyoflanguageenableslanguageuserstoovercomethebarrierscausedbytimeandplace,duetothisfeatureoflanguage,speakersofalanguagearefreetotalkaboutanythinginanysituationA.TransferabilityB.DualityC.DisplacementD.Arbitrariness？Studythefollowingdialogue.Whatfunctiondoesitp

16、layaccordingtothefunctionsoflanguage？Aniceday,isntit？Right!Ireallyenjoythesunlight.A.EmotiveB.PhaticC.PerformativeD.Interpersonal7._referstotheactualrealizationoftheideallanguageusersknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguageinutterances.A.PerformanceB.CompetenceC.LangueD.Parole8.Whenadogisbarking,youassumeit

17、isbarkingforsomethingoratsomeonethatexistshearandnow.Itcouldntbesorrowfulforsomelostloveorlostbone.Thisindicatesthedesignfeatureof_.A.culturaltransmissionB.productivityCD.Duality.displacement9._answerssuchquestionsashowweasinfantsacquireourfirstlanguage.linguisticsSociolinguisticsAppliedlinguistics1

18、0._dealswithlanguageapplicationtootherfields,particularlyeducation.A.LinguistictheoryB.PracticallinguisticsC.AppliedlinguisticsD.ComparativelinguisticsII.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.(10%)11.Languageisameansofverbalcommunication.Therefore,thecommunicationwayusedbythedeaf-muteisn

19、otlanguage.F13.Speakingisthequickestandmostefficientwayofthehumancommunicationsystems.14.Languageiswrittenbecausewritingistheprimarymediumforalllanguages.F15.Wewereallbornwiththeabilitytoacquirelanguage,whichmeansthedetailsofanylanguagesystemcanbegeneticallytransmitted.F16.Onlyhumanbeingsareabletoco

20、mmunicate.F17.F.deSaussure,whomadethedistinctionbetweenlangueandparoleintheearly20thcentury,wasaFrenchlinguist.F18.AstudyofthefeaturesoftheEnglishusedinShakespearestimeisanexampleofthediachronic歷時studyoflanguage.F19.Speechandwritingcameintobeingatmuchthesametimeinhuman20.Allthelanguagesintheworldtod

21、ayhavebothspokenandwrittenforms.FIII.Fillintheblanks.(10%)21.Language,broadlyspeaking,isameansof_verbal_communication.22.Inanylanguagewordscanbeusedinnewwaystomeannewthingsandcanbecombinedintoinnumerablesentencesbasedonlimitedrules.Thisfeatureisusuallytermed_creativity_.23.Languagehasmanyfunctions.W

22、ecanuselanguagetotalkaboutitself.Thisfunctionis_.24.Theorythatprimitivemanmadeinvoluntaryvocalnoiseswhileperformingheavyworkhasbeencalledthe_yo-he-ho_theory.25.Linguisticsisthe_systematic_studyoflanguage.26.Modernlinguisticsis_inthesensethatthelinguisttriestodiscoverwhatlanguageisratherthanlaydownso

23、merulesforpeopletoobserve.27.Onegeneralprincipleoflinguisticanalysisistheprimacyof_overwriting.28.Thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisa_study.29.Saussureputforwardtwoimportantconcepts._referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallmembersofaspeechcommunity.30.Linguisticpotentialissimila

24、rtoSaussureslangueandChomskys_.IV.Explainthefollowingterms,usingexamples.(20%)31.Designfeature32.Displacement33.Competence34.SynchroniclinguisticsV.Answerthefollowingquestions.(20%)35.WhydopeopletakedualityasoneoftheimportantdesignfeaturesofhumanlanguageCanyoutelluswhatlanguagewillbeifithasnosuchdes

25、ignfeature（南開大學(xué)，2004）35.Dualitymakesourlanguageproductive.Alargenumberofdifferentunitscanbeformedoutofasmallnumberofelementsforinstance,tensofthousandsofwordsoutofasmallsetofsounds,around48inthecaseoftheEnglishlanguage.Andoutofthehugenumberofwords,therecanbeastronomicalnumberofpossiblesentencesandph

26、rases,whichinturncancombinetoformunlimitednumberoftexts.Mostanimalcommunicationsystemsdonothavethisdesignfeatureofhumanlanguage.Iflanguagehasnosuchdesignfeature,thenitwillbelikeanimalcommunicationalsystemwhichwillbehighlylimited.Itcannotproduceaverylargenumberofsoundcombinations,.words,whicharedisti

27、nctinmeaning.Chapter2SpeechSoundsI.Choosethebestanswer.(20%)1.Pitchvariationisknownas_whenitspatternsareimposedsentences.A.intonationB.toneC.pronunciationD.voiceonConventionallya_isputinslashes(/).A.allophoneB.phoneC.phonemeD.morphemeAnaspiratedp,anunaspiratedpandanunreleasedpare_ofthepphoneme.A.ana

28、loguesB.tagmemesC.morphemesD.allophones4.Theopeningbetweenthevocalcordsissometimesreferredtoas_.A.glottisB.vocalcavityC.pharynxD.uvulaAphonemeisagroupofsimilarsoundscalled_.A.minimalpairsB.allomorphsC.phonesD.allophones7.WhichbranchofphoneticsconcernstheproductionofspeechsoundsA.AcousticphoneticsB.A

29、rticulatoryphoneticsC.AuditoryphoneticsD.Noneoftheabove？8.Whichoneisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtoplacesofarticulation？A.nB.mC.bD.pWhichvowelisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtothecharacteristicsofvowels？A.i:C.eB.uD.i10.Whatkindofsoundscanwemakewhenthevocalcordsarevibrating？A.VoicelessB.VoicedC.Gl

30、ottalstopD.ConsonantII.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.(10%)Suprasegmentalphonologyreferstothestudyofphonologicalpropertiesofunitslargerthanthesegment-phoneme,suchassyllable,wordandsentence.12.Theairstreamprovidedbythelungshastoundergoanumberofmodificationtoacquirethequalityofaspee

31、chsound.pisavoicedbilabialstop.Acousticphoneticsisconcernedwiththeperceptionofspeechsounds.Allsyllablesmusthaveanucleusbutnotallsyllablescontainanonsetandacoda.purevowelsormonophthongsarepronounced,novowelglidestakeplace.Accordingtothelengthortensenessofthepronunciation,vowelscanbedividedintotensevs

32、.laxorlongvs.short.III.Fillintheblanks.(20%)21.Consonantsoundscanbeeither_or_,whileallvowelsoundsare_.23.Thequalitiesofvowelsdependuponthepositionofthe_andthelips.25.Consonantsdifferfromvowelsinthatthelatterareproducedwithout_.26.Inphonologicalanalysisthewordsfail/veilaredistinguishablesimplybecause

33、ofthetwophonemes/f/-/v/.Thisisanexampleforillustrating_.27.InEnglishthereareanumberof_,whichareproducedbymovingfromonevowelpositiontoanotherthroughinterveningpositions.28._referstothephenomenonofsoundscontinuallyshowtheinfluenceoftheirneighbors.29._isthesmallestlinguisticunit.IV.Explainthefollowingt

34、erms,usingexamples.(20%)31.Soundassimilation32.Suprasegmentalfeature33.Complementarydistribution34.DistinctivefeaturesV.Answerthefollowingquestions.(20%)35.Whatisacousticphonetics（中國人民大學(xué)，2003）36.Whatarethedifferencesbetweenvoicedsoundsandvoicelesssoundsintermsofarticulation（南開大學(xué)，2004）VI.Analyzethefo

35、llowingsituation.(20%)37.Writethesymbolthatcorrespondstoeachofthefollowingphoneticdescriptions;thengiveanEnglishwordthatcontainsthissound.Example:voicedalveolarstopddog.（青島海洋大學(xué)，1999）voicelessbilabialunaspiratedstoplowfrontvowellateralliquidvelarnasalvoicedinterdentalfricative32.Suprasegmentalfeature:Thephoneticfeaturesthatoccurabovethelevelof