外刊閱讀及其翻譯

1、丨Televisionadsforerectiledysfunction,strokeortoenailfungustreatmentshavebeencalledbothaboonandacurse.Drugmakersassertthatpromotingtheirproductsmakespatientsawareofconditionstheycanthenflagfortheirdoctor.丨丨Yeteverydevelopedcountryexceptthe.andNewZealandprohibitssuchdirect-to-consumerprescriptiondruga

2、ds.ItishardtoseeeducationalvalueincommercialsonAmericanTVthatshowradiantmodelsrelaxingbeforeatryst,accompaniedbyvoice-oversthatwarnofpossiblesideeffects,includingdifficultybreathingandanunsafedropinbloodpressure.丨丨丨Anadthatconflatesanauraofglowinghealthandtheprospectofanamorousliaisonwithalistofdire

3、cardiovascularsymptomsisaparadigmofconfusedmessagingbecauseitdoesnotprovidetheviewerwithaclearguidetoweighingbothbenefitsandcostsentailedinusingaprescriptionmedicine.Absentfurtherinterpretation,theunderlyingmessagereducesto:SexordeathhichwillitbeOfcourse,theadsalwaysendwithanadmonitionto“askyourdoct

4、or”IVNow,finally,thedoctorsaregivingananswer.InNovember2015theAmericanMedicalAssociationaskedforabanontheseads,sayingthattheyarepartiallyresponsiblefortheskyrocketingcostsofdrugs.TheWorldHealthOrganizationandothergroupshavepreviouslyendorsedsuchrestrictions.VIn2014pharmaceuticalcompaniesspent$billio

5、nonconsumerads,mostlyfortelevision,a30percentrisefromtwoyearsbefore.Thepitchescandrumupsalesonhigher-pricedmedicationsthatcandriveupdrugcostswhenlessexpensivealternativesaresometimesavailable.VIManyofthenewestadsareforpremiumdrugsforlife-threateningdiseasesorrareconditionsthatcancosttensofthousandso

6、fdollarsandrequirelarge,out-of-pocketpatientco-payments.Afterseeinganad,patientsmaypressphysiciansforaprescriptionwithoutunderstandingthecomplexcriterianeededtodetermineeligibilityfortreatment.VIIDespiteindustryrhetoricabouteducatingtheconsumer,theadsdowhatadsdopromotetheadvertisersproductwhilefaili

7、ngtonotethesecomplexitiesoralternativeoptions.LastOctoberaKaiserFamilyFoundationsurveyfoundthat28percentofpeoplewhoviewedadrugadsubsequentlyaskedaphysicianaboutthemedicineandthat12percentwalkedoutwithaprescription.VIIIAbanwouldbeawelcomesteptowardtrimmingthenationsloftydrugbillsanditwouldridtheairwa

8、vesofpurportedhealthmessagesthatbafflemorethantheyinform.Itisunclear,though,whetheranyprohibitionpassedbyCongresswouldpassmusterinthecourts.Pharmawouldundoubtedlymountalegalchallenge,claimingthatthelawviolatesFirstAmendmentprotectionsforcommercialspeech.441words(“ThisDrugAdIsNotRightforYou”.ByTheEdi

9、tors.May1,2016.ScientificAmerican.)1.*erectilei11.*erectilei1rektailadj.勃起的2.*dysfunctiondisfArjkJnn.機(jī)能障礙3.*toenailteqneiln.腳趾甲4.*fungusfAjgssn.真菌5.flagfl芒gv.標(biāo)示(熟詞僻意）6.*prescriptionpri1skripJnn.處方藥7.*radiantreidisntadj.容光煥發(fā)的8.*trysttristn.約會(huì)地點(diǎn)9.*voice-over1voiS|sqvsn.畫(huà)外音10.*conflateksn1fleitv.合并11.*

10、aura1o:rsn.光環(huán)12.*amorous弟msrssadj.愛(ài)情的13.*liaisonli1eiznn.聯(lián)絡(luò)14.*dire1dais(r)adj.可怕的15.*cardiovascular|ka:diso1v芒skjsls(r)16.paradigmp芒rsdaimn.范例17.entailin1teilv.牽涉18.*admonition|弟dms1niJnn.告誡19.*skyrocketingskairnkitijn.猛漲20.endorsein1do:sv.支持21.pitchpitJn.說(shuō)教（熟詞僻意）22.drumup招徠，鼓吹23.driveup使上升24.*prem

11、iumpri:mismadj.高昂的25.out-of-pocket現(xiàn)金支出成本26.*eligibility|elidsbilstin.合格27.*rhetoricretsrikn.花言巧語(yǔ)，雄辯術(shù)28.*trim1trimijv.削減29.*loftylnftiadj.高聳的30.*airwavees|weivn.電視詞匯短語(yǔ)adj.心血管的*purportedps(r)po:(r)tidadj.聲稱的baffle1bflv.使迷惑passmuster達(dá)到要求*pharmafa：msn.制藥公司*mountmaontv.發(fā)起，組織(標(biāo)*的為超綱詞匯)點(diǎn)評(píng)丨Televisionadsfore

12、rectiledysfunction,strokeortoenailfungustreatmentshavebeencalledbothaboonandacurse.Drugmakersassertthatpromotingtheirproductsmakespatientsawareofconditionstheycanthenflagfortheirdoctor.翻譯：關(guān)于勃起功能障礙、中風(fēng)或者腳趾甲霉菌的電視廣告被稱為恩惠和詛咒的并存。制藥公司聲稱，宣傳他們的產(chǎn)品能讓病人發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的病癥，然后他們知道該怎樣描述給醫(yī)生。點(diǎn)評(píng)：丨-111指出處方藥廣告具有危害性。丨段開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山，指出電視上賣藥廣

13、告具有兩面性，下文圍繞boonandcurse展開(kāi)，但是作者沒(méi)有筆墨勻分地討論藥品廣告的好處和壞處，而是批判藥品廣告好處沒(méi)有，壞處多多。句aboonoracurse是很地道的表達(dá)“兩面性、優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)的短語(yǔ)，類似的還有“acoinhastwosides”，“two-edgedsword”。句中的assert(宣稱)，一般都暗示不辨真假，也許有夸大其詞或者虛假成分。makespatientsawareofconditions指的是，不看不知道，看了廣告之后才發(fā)現(xiàn)身體的一些狀況居然是一種病，還有專門的名字，隨后儼然成了專家，還嚴(yán)肅地告訴醫(yī)生我得了什么什么病，給我開(kāi)這個(gè)那個(gè)藥。此處的flag是熟詞僻意，意

14、思是“標(biāo)出，引起某人注意”。丨丨Yeteverydevelopedcountryexceptthe.andNewZealandprohibitssuchdirect-to-consumerprescriptiondrugads.ItishardtoseeeducationalvalueincommercialsonAmericanTVthatshowradiantmodelsrelaxingbeforeatryst,accompaniedbyvoice-oversthatwarnofpossiblesideeffects,includingdifficultybreathingandanuns

15、afedropinbloodpressure.翻譯：但是，除了美國(guó)和新西蘭之外，所有發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家都禁止這種處方藥的直銷廣告。很難看出來(lái)美國(guó)電視上播放的這種廣告有什么教育價(jià)值：約會(huì)之前，容光煥發(fā)的模特讓自己放松下來(lái)，伴隨的畫(huà)外音警告可能的副作用，包括呼吸困難，危險(xiǎn)的血壓下降。點(diǎn)評(píng)：丨段句緊承上段末尾，制藥廠家才聲稱廣告有教育作用，就馬上轉(zhuǎn)折(yet),除了美國(guó)和新西蘭，所有的發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家都禁止處方藥在大眾媒體上打廣告。從而否定了boon的方面，并且引發(fā)讀者思考為什么會(huì)這樣。句順而給出原因，直接打臉boon：所謂的教育作用根本不存在。丨丨丨Anadthatconflatesanauraofglowingh

16、ealthandtheprospectofanamorousliaisonwithalistofdirecardiovascularsymptomsisaparadigmofconfusedmessagingbecauseitdoesnotprovidetheviewerwithaclearguidetoweighingbothbenefitsandcostsentailedinusingaprescriptionmedicine.Absentfurtherinterpretation,theunderlyingmessagereducesto:SexordeathhichwillitbeOf

17、course,theadsalwaysendwithanadmonitionto“askyourdoctor.”翻譯：把健康活潑的氣氛、對(duì)曖昧關(guān)系的期望和一列可怕的心血管癥狀聯(lián)系在一起的廣告是讓人困惑的宣傳的典型，因?yàn)樗鼪](méi)有給觀眾提供明確的指導(dǎo)，要充分權(quán)衡服用處方藥的好處和代價(jià)。更多的解釋被省略了，潛臺(tái)詞縮短為：性和死將會(huì)是哪個(gè)當(dāng)然，廣告結(jié)尾總會(huì)有一個(gè)警告：“請(qǐng)遵醫(yī)囑?！秉c(diǎn)評(píng)：III段繼續(xù)深化對(duì)賣藥廣告的批評(píng)，不止沒(méi)有聲稱的教育作用，還會(huì)讓人產(chǎn)生困惑(paradigmofconfusedmessaging)0因?yàn)閺V告隱去了很多重要的信息，只強(qiáng)調(diào)處方藥物的作用，而不談其危害。IVNow,fina

18、lly,thedoctorsaregivingananswer.InNovember2015theAmericanMedicalAssociationaskedforabanontheseads,sayingthattheyarepartiallyresponsiblefortheskyrocketingcostsofdrugs.TheWorldHealthOrganizationandothergroupshavepreviouslyendorsedsuchrestrietions.翻譯：現(xiàn)在，終于，醫(yī)生給出了一個(gè)回應(yīng)。2015年11月，美國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)協(xié)會(huì)要求禁止這些廣告，說(shuō)他們對(duì)天價(jià)藥費(fèi)負(fù)部分責(zé)

19、任。世界衛(wèi)生組織和其他機(jī)構(gòu)先前就表示支持這類禁令。點(diǎn)評(píng)：V-V段指出美國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)協(xié)會(huì)最近要求禁止這些賣藥廣告及其原因。V段句的now和finally表達(dá)出一種翹首以盼，終于等到這一天的心情。句saying.現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，解釋禁止原因，這些廣告讓藥費(fèi)大大增長(zhǎng)。VIn2014pharmaceuticalcompaniesspent$billiononconsumerads,mostlyfortelevision,a30percentrisefromtwoyearsbefore.Thepitchescandrumupsalesonhigher-pricedmedicationsthatcandri

20、veupdrugcostswhenlessexpensivealternativesaresometimesavailable.翻譯：014年制藥公司在廣告費(fèi)上花了45億美元，大部分是電視廣告，比兩年前增加了30%。高聲叫賣能夠提高高價(jià)藥品的銷量，從而增加藥費(fèi)支出，雖然市面上有價(jià)格較低的同類藥物。點(diǎn)評(píng)：V段用具體數(shù)字說(shuō)明天價(jià)的廣告費(fèi)，以及這些費(fèi)用轉(zhuǎn)嫁到民眾身上，成為沉重的負(fù)擔(dān)。VIManyofthenewestadsareforpremiumdrugsforlife-threateningdiseasesorrareconditionsthatcancosttensofthousandsofd

21、ollarsandrequirelarge,out-of-pocketpatientco-payments.Afterseeinganad,patientsmaypressphysiciansforaprescriptionwithoutunderstandingthecomplexcriterianeededtodetermineeligibilityfortreatment.翻譯：許多最新的廣告是宣傳治療威脅生命的疾病或者罕見(jiàn)病的新藥，治療這種病可能要花費(fèi)數(shù)萬(wàn)美元，還需要大筆保險(xiǎn)外患者共同支付。看到廣告后，患者在可能會(huì)在沒(méi)搞清楚否對(duì)癥的情況下，逼迫醫(yī)生開(kāi)藥方。點(diǎn)評(píng)：VI-VII段分析賣藥廣

22、告的性質(zhì)和其強(qiáng)大的洗腦能力。最近打廣告的都是針對(duì)致命或者罕見(jiàn)病的藥物（forlife-threateningdiseasesorrareconditions），價(jià)格高昂（premium）（VI段句）。作者推測(cè)6ay）,重病在身的患者可能容易病急亂尋藥，要求醫(yī)生給自己開(kāi)這用藥（VI段句）。VIIDespiteindustryrhetoricabouteducatingtheconsumer,theadsdowhatadsdo一promotetheadvertisersproductwhilefailingtonotethesecomplexitiesoralternativeoptions.La

23、stOctoberaKaiserFamilyFoundationsurveyfoundthat28percentofpeoplewhoviewedadrugadsubsequentlyaskedaphysicianaboutthemedicineandthat12percentwalkedoutwithaprescription.翻譯：盡管制藥商口若懸河，把廣告說(shuō)成是對(duì)消費(fèi)者的教育，但是廣告就是廣告目的是提高產(chǎn)品的銷量，卻閉口不談病癥的復(fù)雜性或者提醒患者有其他的選擇。去年10月，凱撒家庭基金會(huì)的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)38%看到廣告的人向醫(yī)生詢問(wèn)這種藥物，12%拿著處方出了門。點(diǎn)評(píng)：VII段進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明，不

24、僅是藥品性質(zhì)本身有強(qiáng)大的誘惑力，廣告呈現(xiàn)方式還煽情而且簡(jiǎn)單粗暴，不談復(fù)雜的適用條件，讓患者搞不清楚情況（VII段句）。VII段句回應(yīng)上段的推測(cè)，實(shí)際調(diào)查結(jié)果證明了這種推測(cè)，很多患者的確會(huì)要求醫(yī)生開(kāi)藥。VIIIAbanwouldbeawelcomesteptowardtrimmingthenationsloftydrugbills一anditwouldridtheairwavesofpurportedhealthmessagesthatbafflemorethantheyinform.Itisunclear,though,whetheranyprohibitionpassedbyCongress

25、wouldpassmusterinthecourts.Pharmawouldundoubtedlymountalegalchallenge,claimingthatthelawviolatesFirstAmendmentprotectionsforcommercialspeech.翻譯：這樣的一紙禁令會(huì)是個(gè)受歡迎的有利于消減美國(guó)臃腫藥費(fèi)賬單的舉措而且它可以讓電視上少一些虛假的健康消息，號(hào)稱是教育觀眾，但只會(huì)讓觀眾更加迷惑。但是，不確定的是，國(guó)會(huì)通過(guò)的任何禁令是否會(huì)能過(guò)法院一關(guān)。制藥廠商肯定會(huì)發(fā)起法律反擊，聲稱這個(gè)禁令違反了保護(hù)商業(yè)言論的憲法第一修正案。點(diǎn)評(píng)：VIII段回到禁令，句評(píng)價(jià)其積極意義

26、：能夠減少藥費(fèi)支出，減少觀眾迷惑。句表達(dá)了這個(gè)禁令能否最終通過(guò)的憂慮，因?yàn)橹扑帍S商肯定會(huì)反對(duì)。丨Nowadays,itseems,anythingandeverythingcanqualifyasamasterpiece:ahitsingle,athemepark,evenavideogame.Andwhiletheartisticmeritsofsomeoftheseobjetsdartcanbedefended,itistemptingtosuggestthattheworditselfhasbecome,like“fascist”and“racist,devaluedbyindiscri

27、minateusagetothepointofvacuity.Itsmeaninghasshifted.丨丨Mostunder-50artloverstakepopcultureveryseriouslyindeed.Sotheyshould,notmerelybecauseitispopularbutbecausesomuchofit,especiallyinthiscountry,issogood.Likethemasterpiecesofearliereras,theseworksinfusefamiliarformsandmaterialswithacreativeenergythat

28、allowsthemtotranscendtheirmundaneorigins.丨丨丨Yetsomethingdistinguishesthese“masterpieces”fromtheirhigh-artcounterparts,somethingthatisimplicitintheveryactoftheircreationandiscentraltothenatureofpopcultureitself.AstheCambridgeAcademicContentDictionaryremindsus,theword“masterpiece”oncereferredtothesing

29、legreatestworkofamaster.NoonehelpedTolstoywriteWarandPeaceanymorethanBeethovenusedanorchestratorforhisFifthSymphony.ButthencameHollywoodmoviesandTVseries,commercialproductsmanufacturednotbyindividualartistsbutbyteamsofartisanswhosememberscollaboratesocloselythatitisoftendifficulttothepointofimpossib

30、ilitytoascribeprincipalcreativecredittoanyoneofthem.Who,then,isthe“author”ofChinatownNoone,intheusualmeaningoftheword.Itistheresultofacollectiveprocessofcreation,amasterpiecewithoutamaster.IVSomethingisboundtobelostinaculturewherethebest-knownartiscreatedcollectivelyforcommercialpurposesratherthanbe

31、ingmotivatedsolelybytheindividualartistsownneedforself-expression.Foralltheirself-evidentexcellence,movieslikeChinatownandGodfatherandcable-TVserieslikeTheWireandBreakingBadareallthrillersofonekindoranother.Tobesure,theyusethefamiliarconventionsofgenrefictiontoexploremanyotheraspectsofAmericanlife,b

32、utsomebodyalmostalwaysgetsshotinthelastreel,justasapopsong,nomatterhowwell-craftedandemotionallymovingitmaybe,israrelyevermorethanfourminuteslong.VTheverybestmodernAmericanartists,bycontrast,havenotacceptedthenarrowrestrietionsimposedbypopculture.Theygotheirownwayanddotheirownwork.AsaresuIt,theyrefl

33、ectineverywaythecreativevisionsoftheirmakers,whosestylesarepersonaltoadegreethatnocollectivelymadeworkofartcanhopetorival.Theyaremasterpiecesinthepurestsenseoftheword.463words(MasterpiecesWithoutMasters.ByTerryTeachout.June16,2016.Commentary)原文鏈接：詞匯短語(yǔ)merit卩meritn.價(jià)值*objetsdart(法語(yǔ))藝術(shù)品*devalue|di:1v芒l

34、ju:v.使貶值*indiscriminate|indis1kriminstadj.不加選擇的vacuityvs1kju:stin.真空*infusein1fju:zv.浸泡，使充滿*transcendtr芒n1sendv.超越8.*mundanemA8.*mundanemAn1deinadj.尋常的歸于*ascribes1skraibv.把歸于creditkreditn.榮譽(yù)beboundto注定reelri:ln.卷軸點(diǎn)評(píng)丨Nowadays,itseems,anythingandeverythingcanqualifyasamasterpiece:ahitsingle,athemepark

35、,evenavideogame.Andwhiletheartisticmeritsofsomeoftheseobjetsdartitselfhasbecome,like“racist,”devaluedbymeaninghasshifted.canbedefended,itistemptingtosuggestthattheword“fascist”andindiscriminateusagetothepointofvacuity.Its翻譯：在當(dāng)代，似乎任何東西都資格被稱為杰作：一首熱門歌曲、一座主題公園、甚至是一款電子游戲。盡管這當(dāng)中某些藝術(shù)品可能存在藝術(shù)價(jià)值，但是似乎在暗示這個(gè)詞本身因?yàn)?/p>

36、不加區(qū)別地使用而貶值，甚至變成空白，就像“法西斯主義者”和“種族主義者”一樣。它的意思已經(jīng)發(fā)生了變化。點(diǎn)評(píng)：段丨提出一種現(xiàn)象：現(xiàn)在人們不加區(qū)別地使用masterpiece（杰作）這個(gè)詞，其“宏偉莊嚴(yán)”的含義已經(jīng)被稀釋了。句anythingandeverything（任何東西和所有東西）看似重復(fù)，實(shí)際上是加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，惋惜masterpiece已經(jīng)被用得爛大街了。冒號(hào)之后舉例，歌曲、主題公園、電子游戲和masterpiece放在一起的確有些違和感。even（甚至），再一次傳達(dá)出作者的驚訝之情。句讓步指出，盡管這些作品可能有價(jià)值，但是masterpiece的詞義似乎確實(shí)變了objetsdart指工藝品

37、，（特別是和傳統(tǒng)意義的繪畫(huà)、雕塑等高雅藝術(shù)不同的小玩意兒）。作者是要強(qiáng)調(diào)，這些東西只能叫做objetsdart,算不上是masterpiece。canbedefended（可以被辯護(hù)的）暗示真正的傳世之作優(yōu)秀得太明顯，根本無(wú)需defend。論文答辯也用defend這個(gè)詞是同樣的道理，論文不奢求有你有驚世發(fā)現(xiàn)，能自圓其說(shuō)即可。devalue,indiscriminate,vacuity都略帶貶義，可見(jiàn)作者的態(tài)度。句簡(jiǎn)潔有力地概括句，masterpiece的詞義發(fā)生了變化。本段以詞開(kāi)篇，以詞收尾，似乎只是就事論事，沒(méi)有太多發(fā)散，但是已經(jīng)蓄勢(shì)待發(fā)。丨丨Mostunder-50artloverstak

38、epopcultureveryseriouslyindeed.Sotheyshould,notmerelybecauseitispopularbutbecausesomuchofit,especiallyinthiscountry,issogood.Likethemasterpiecesofearliereras,theseworksinfusefamiliarformsandmaterialswithacreativeenergythatallowsthemtotranscendtheirmundaneorigins.翻譯：大部分50歲以下的藝術(shù)愛(ài)好者確實(shí)非常嚴(yán)肅地看待流行文化。他們理應(yīng)如此

39、，不僅僅因?yàn)榱餍形幕芰餍?，而且因?yàn)樵S多流行文化都非常出色，特別是在美國(guó)。和早期時(shí)代的杰作一樣，這些藝術(shù)品讓熟悉的形式和材料充滿使之超越其平庸原作的創(chuàng)造性力量。點(diǎn)評(píng)：段丨先退一步說(shuō)明流行文化的確有優(yōu)秀作品。句指出，很多人都認(rèn)真對(duì)待流行文化。popculture詞概括了上文的流行歌曲、主題公園、電子游戲等作品的歸屬。作者特意提出under-50（50歲以下），因?yàn)楦绲臅r(shí)代，人們接受的還是傳統(tǒng)古典藝術(shù)的熏陶，也許不能客觀看待流行文化。句給出作者自己的看法，的確應(yīng)該這樣，因?yàn)橛行┝餍形幕軆?yōu)秀。句緊接上句，說(shuō)明流行文化的優(yōu)秀之處。用Like比較流行文化作品和masterpiece的共同點(diǎn)，them

40、asterpiecesofearliereras用介詞短語(yǔ)ofearlieraras修飾themasterpiece，用以區(qū)分“之前的杰作”和“現(xiàn)在的所謂的杰作”，暗示作者不太愿意用masterpiece這個(gè)詞稱呼現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)品。creativeenergy,transcend指出流行作品的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。丨丨丨Yetsomethingdistinguishesthese“masterpieces”fromtheirhigh-artcounterparts,somethingthatisimplicitintheveryactoftheircreationandiscentraltothenatureofp

41、opcultureitself.AstheCambridgeAcademicContentDictionaryremindsus,theword“masterpiece”oncereferredtothesinglegreatestworkofamaster.NoonehelpedTolstoywriteWarandPeaceanymorethanBeethovenusedanorchestratorforhisFifthSymphony.ButthencameHollywoodmoviesandTVseries,commercialproductsmanufacturednotbyindiv

42、idualartistsbutbyteamsofartisanswhosememberscollaboratesocloselythatitisoftendifficulttothepointofimpossibilitytoascribeprincipalcreativecredittoanyoneofthem.Who,then,isthe“author”ofChinatownNoone,intheusualmeaningoftheword.Itistheresultofacollectiveprocessofcreation,amasterpiecewithoutamaster.翻譯:但是

43、，有些東西把這些“杰作”和高雅藝術(shù)區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)，它恰恰暗藏于其創(chuàng)作行為中并且這是流行文化本質(zhì)的核心。劍橋?qū)W術(shù)目錄詞典提醒我們，“杰作”這個(gè)詞曾經(jīng)指某大師最偉大的作品。沒(méi)有人幫助托爾斯泰寫(xiě)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)與和平，正如貝多芬創(chuàng)作第五交響曲也沒(méi)有動(dòng)用管弦樂(lè)隊(duì)幫忙。但是，后來(lái)出現(xiàn)了好萊塢電影和電視劇，這不是藝術(shù)家個(gè)人的創(chuàng)作，而是多組工匠合作完成的商業(yè)產(chǎn)品，他們的合作非常緊密，以至于常常無(wú)法把主要的創(chuàng)作榮譽(yù)歸于其中任何一個(gè)人。那么，到底誰(shuí)是唐人街的“作者”按照這個(gè)詞的通常的意思來(lái)看，誰(shuí)都不是。它是集體創(chuàng)新過(guò)程的產(chǎn)物，是沒(méi)有大師的大師之作。點(diǎn)評(píng)：段III一針見(jiàn)血地指出流行文化和masterpiece的本質(zhì)區(qū)別。作者并沒(méi)有

44、從主觀的藝術(shù)價(jià)值上評(píng)判，而是從流行文化制作方式這一客觀事實(shí)出發(fā)。these“masterpieces”打上引號(hào)，突出作者的不承認(rèn)態(tài)度。句引用權(quán)威詞典解釋，說(shuō)明masterpiece過(guò)去指大師個(gè)人創(chuàng)作的最偉大的作品。有一種高山仰止的巍峨感，這樣的作品肯定是稀少的。句以小說(shuō)和音樂(lè)為例說(shuō)明過(guò)去的大師作品都是獨(dú)立完成。至指出當(dāng)代誕生新的藝術(shù)形式（電影、電視?。┑膬?yōu)秀作品由集體創(chuàng)作。IVSomethingisboundtobelostinaculturewherethebest-knownartiscreatedcollectivelyforcommercialpurposesratherthanbeingmotivatedsolelybytheindividualartistsownneedf