巖土工程專業(yè)英語 - 可刪減

1、巖土工程專業(yè)外語詞匯大全中英翻譯綜合類大地工程geotechnical engineering 臨界狀態(tài)土力學critical state soil mechanics數值巖土力學numerical geomechanics巖土工程geotechnical engineering應力路徑stress path工程地質及勘察變質巖metamorphic rock標準凍深standard frost penetration殘積土eluvial soil, residual soil層理 beding長石feldspar沉積巖sedimentary rock次生礦物secondary mineral

2、地質圖geological map斷裂構造fracture structure工程地質勘察engineering geological exploration花崗巖granite化學沉積巖chemical sedimentary rock解理 cleavage礦物硬度hardness of minerals流滑flow slide泥石流mud flow, debris flow粘土礦物clay minerals潛水 ground water 侵入巖intrusive rock 砂巖 sandstone深成巖plutionic rock石灰?guī)rlimestone巖層產狀attitude of ro

3、ck巖漿巖magmatic rock, igneous rock巖石風化程度degree of rock weathering巖石構造structureof巖石結構texture of rock shale原生礦物primary mineral造巖礦物rock-forming mineral褶皺fold, folding土的分類飽和土saturated soil超固結土overconsolidated soil沖填土dredger fill凍土frozen soil非飽和土unsaturated 分散性土dispersive soil silt粉質粘土silty clay紅粘土red clay

4、, adamic earth黃土loess粘性土cohesive soil, clayey soil膨脹土expansive soil, swelling soil 欠固結粘土underconsolidated soil 區(qū)域性土zonal soil人工填土fill, artificial soil軟粘土soft clay, mildclay, mickle濕陷性黃土collapsible loess, slumping loess素填土plain fill塑性圖plasticity chart碎石土stone, break stone, broken stone, channery, cha

5、t, crushed stone, deritus未壓密土（臺）underconsolidated clay無粘性土cohesionless soil, frictional soil,non-cohesive soil淤泥muck, gyttja, mire, slush淤泥質土mucky soil原狀土undisturbed soil正常固結土normally consolidated soil（臺 consolidated soil自重濕陷性黃土self weight collapse loess土的物理性質飽和度degree of saturation飽和密度saturated den

6、sity飽和重度saturated unit weight比重 specific gravity稠度 consistency觸變 thixotropy干重度dry unit weight干密度dry density塑性指數plasticity index含水量water content, moisture content級配 gradation, grading結合水boundwater,combinedwater,water界限含水量Atterberg limits顆粒級配particle size distribution of soils, mechanical composition

7、of soil可塑性plasticity 孔隙比void ratio 孔隙率porosity毛細管水capillary water密實度compactionness年粘性土的靈敏度sensitivity of cohesive soil曲率系數coefficient of curvature三相土tri-phase soil濕陷起始應力initial collapse pressure 濕陷系數coefficient of collapsibility 縮限 shrinkage limit土粒相對密度specific density of solid particles相對密度relative

8、 density, density index 相對壓密度relative compaction, compacting factor, percent compa ction, coefficient of compaction壓密系數coefficient of consolidation壓縮性compressibility液限liquid limit液性指數liquidity index游離水（臺）free water重力密度unit weight自由水free water, gravitational water, groundwater, phreatic water組構fabric

9、最大干密度maximum dry density最優(yōu)含水量optimum water content滲透性和滲流 浸潤線phreatic臨界水力梯度critical hydraulic gradient流函數flow function滲流 seepage滲流量seepage discharge滲透破壞seepage failure滲透系數coefficient of permeability滲透性permeability勢函數potential function水力梯度hydraulic gradientdeformation變形模量modulus of deformation殘余變形resi

10、dual deformation超靜孔隙水壓力excessporepressure沉降 settlement次固結沉降secondary consolidation settlement次固結系數coefficient of secondaryconsolidation切線模量tangent modulus蠕變 creep三向變形條件下的固結沉降three-dimensional consolidation ement彈性平衡狀態(tài)state of elastic equilibrium 體積變形模量volumetric deformation modulus先期固結壓力preconsolida

11、tion pressure壓縮模量modulus of compressibility 壓縮系數coefficient of compressibility 有效應力effective stress自重應力self-weight stress總應力total stress approach of shear strength固結超固結比over-consolidation ratio 超靜孔隙水壓力excessporepressure固結度degree of consolidation 固結理論theory of consolidation 固結曲線consolidation curve固結速

12、率rate of consolidation固結系數coefficient of consolidation固結壓力consolidation pressure回彈曲線rebound curve砂井 sand drain砂井地基平均固結度average degree of consolidation of sand-drained ground 時間對數擬合法logrithm of time fitting method太沙基固結理論Terzaghi s consolidation theory先期固結壓力preconsolidation pressure壓密度（臺）degree of con

13、solidation壓縮曲線cpmpression curve一維固結one dimensional consolidation有效應力原理principleofeffectivestress預壓密壓力（臺）preconsolidation pressure原始壓縮曲線virgin compression curve再壓縮曲線recompression curve主固結primary consolidation主壓密（臺）primary consolidationK0 consolidation under K0 condition抗剪強度單軸抗拉強度uniaxial tension test

14、 動強度dynamic strength of soils 峰值強度peak strength伏斯列夫參數Hvorslev parameter剪切應變速率shear strain rate抗剪強度shear strength抗剪強度參數shear strength parameter 抗剪強度有效應力法effective stress approach of shear strength抗剪強度總應力法total stress approach of shear strength摩爾庫侖理論Mohr-Coulomb theory內摩擦角angle of internal friction粘聚力

15、cohesion破裂角angle of rupture破壞準則failure criterion有效內摩擦角effective angle of internal friction有效粘聚力effective cohesion intercept 有效應力破壞包線effective stress failure envelope有效應力強度參數effective stress strength parameter有效應力原理principle of effective stress真內摩擦角true angle internal friction真粘聚力true cohesion總應力破壞包線

16、total stress failure envelope總應力強度參數total stress strengthparameter本構模型本構模型constitutive model邊界面模型boundary surface model 層向各向同性體模型crossanisotropic model摩爾庫侖屈服準則Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion切線模量tangent modulus屈服面yield surface彈塑性模量矩陣elastoplastic modulus matrix彈塑性模型elastoplastic modulus地基承載力沖剪破壞punching

17、 shear failure次層（臺）substratum地基 subgrade, ground, foundation soil地基承載力bearing capacity of foundation soil地基極限承載力ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil地基允許承載力allowable bearingcapacity of foundation soil地基穩(wěn)定性stability of foundation soil整體剪切破壞general shear failure土壓力被動土壓力passive earth pressure 被動

18、土壓力系數coefficient of passive earth pressure極限平衡狀態(tài)state of limit equilibrium靜止土壓力earth pressue at rest 靜止土壓力系數coefficient of earth pressur at rest庫侖土壓力理論Coulombsearththeory庫爾曼圖解法Culmannn construction朗肯土壓力理論Rankine s earth pressure theory朗肯狀態(tài)Rankine state彈性平衡狀態(tài)state of elastic equilibrium土壓力earth press

19、ure主動土壓力active earth pressure主動土壓力系數coefficient of active earth pressure土坡穩(wěn)定分析邊坡穩(wěn)定安全系數safety factor slope土坡 slope土坡穩(wěn)定分析slopestabilityanalysis 分析土坡穩(wěn)定極限分析法limit method of slopestability分析土坡穩(wěn)定極限平衡法limitequilibrium method of slopestability16. 基坑開挖與降水板樁圍護sheet pile-braced cuts 電滲法electro-osmotic drainage

20、 管涌 piping基底隆起heave of base基坑降水dewatering基坑失穩(wěn)instability (failure) of foundation pit基坑圍護bracing of foundation pit減壓井relief well降低地下水位法dewatering method井點系統(tǒng)well point system噴射井點eductor well point鉛直邊坡的臨界高度critical height vertical slope砂沸 sand boiling深井點deep well point真空井點vacuum well point支撐圍護braced cu

21、ts19. 地基處理表層壓密法surface compaction 超載預壓surcharge preloading 袋裝砂井sand wick地工織物geofabric, geotextile地基處理ground treatment, foundation treatment電動化學灌漿electrochemical grouting電滲法electro-osmotic drainage頂升糾偏法定噴 directional jet grouting凍土地基處理frozen foundation improvement短樁處理treatment with short pile堆載預壓法pre

22、loading粉體噴射深層攪拌法powder deep mixing method復合地基composite foundation干振成孔灌注樁vibratory bored pile高壓噴射注漿法jet grounting 灌漿材料injection material 灌漿法grouting硅化法silicification夯實樁compacting pile化學灌漿chemical grouting換填法cushion灰土樁lime soil pile擠密灌漿compaction grouting錨固技術anchoring錨桿靜壓樁托換anchor pile underpinning排水固

23、結法consolidation膨脹土地基處理expansive foundation treatment劈裂灌漿fracture grouting淺層處理shallow treatment 強夯法dynamic compaction 人工地基artificial foundation軟土地基soft clay ground砂井 sand drain砂井地基平均固結度average degree of consolidation of sand-drained ground室內土工試驗常水頭滲透試驗constant head permeability test單剪儀simple shear ap

24、paratus單軸拉伸試驗uniaxial tensile test固結排水試驗consolidated drained triaxial test固結試驗consolidation test含水量試驗water content test黃土濕陷試驗loess collapsibility test快剪試驗quick direct shear test快速固結試驗fast consolidation test離心模型試驗centrifugal model test連續(xù)加荷固結試驗continual loading 慢剪試驗consolidateddraineddirect shear test

25、毛細管上升高度試驗capillary rise test密度試驗density test扭剪儀torsion shear apparatus膨脹率試驗swelling rate test平面應變儀plane strain apparatus三軸伸長試驗triaxial extension test三軸壓縮試驗triaxial compression test砂的相對密實度試驗sandrelativetest滲透試驗permeability test濕化試驗slaking test收縮試驗shrinkage test塑限試驗plastic limit test縮限試驗shrinkage limi

26、t test土工模型試驗geotechnical model test土工織物試驗geotextile test無側限抗壓強度試驗unconfined compression strength test真三軸儀true triaxial apparatus振動單剪試驗dynamic simple shear test直剪儀direct shear apparatus直接剪切試驗direct shear test直接單剪試驗direct simple shear test 自振柱試驗free vibration column test K0 固結不排水試驗K0 consolidated undr

27、ained testK0 固結排水試驗K0 consolidated drained test原位測試標準貫入試驗standard penetration test表面波試驗surface wave test超聲波試驗ultrasonic wave test承載比試驗CalifoniaBearingRatioTest 單樁橫向載荷試驗lateralloadtestofpile 單樁豎向靜載荷試驗staticloadtestof動力觸探試驗dynamicpenetrationtest靜力觸探試驗static cone penetration test靜力載荷試驗plate loading test跨孔試驗cross-hole testmeasurement十字板剪切試驗vaneshear無損檢測nondestructive testing 下孔法試驗down-holetest現場滲透試驗field permeability test 原位孔隙水壓力量測in situ pore water pressure measurement原位試驗in-situ soil test最后貫入度final set輕便觸探試驗light sounding test深層沉降觀測deep settlementgabbro輝長巖geographicalmapping地理勘察；地理測繪geologi