如何分析英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)市公開課金獎(jiǎng)市賽課一等獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

1、句子成份與句子結(jié)構(gòu)第1頁(yè)一、要搞清楚英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，我們先要搞清楚組成一個(gè)句子各個(gè)組成部分，即句子成份： 主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)概念。1、主語(yǔ)：是一個(gè)句子所要說明人和事物，是一句主體。如 I study English中 I。作主語(yǔ)有：名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞和主語(yǔ)從句。2、謂語(yǔ)：它是說明主語(yǔ)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，如 I study English中 study.作謂語(yǔ)有：及物動(dòng)詞或及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。第2頁(yè)(一). 指出以下句中主語(yǔ)中心詞 The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.

2、There is an old man coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult. teacher man dictionary To do第3頁(yè)(二). 選出句中謂語(yǔ)中心詞 (10分，10分鐘) I dont like the picture on the wall. A. dontB. like C. picture D. wall The days get lon

3、ger and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer Do you usually go to school by bus? A. DoB. usually C. goD. bus We had better send for a doctor. A. WeB. hadC. send D. doctor He is interested in music. A. isB. interested C. in D. music Whom did you give my book to? A. giveB. did

4、C. whom D. book B A C C A A 第4頁(yè)3、賓語(yǔ)：它是表示及物動(dòng)詞或及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)所作用對(duì)象，如 I study English 中English和He makes full use of his spare time to study中his spare time.介詞后名詞或代詞，叫做介詞賓語(yǔ)，如He went away with no words中no words.作賓語(yǔ)有：名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞和賓語(yǔ)從句。第5頁(yè) My brother hasnt done his homework.AB CD People all over the world speak

5、 English. AB CD You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.A B CD D D B 第6頁(yè)4、表語(yǔ)：它是放在連系動(dòng)詞之后表示主語(yǔ)身份或特征，如 That sounds a good idea中a good idea.作表語(yǔ)有：名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、表地點(diǎn)或方位副詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞和表語(yǔ)從句。第7頁(yè) The old man was feeling very tired. A B CD Why is he worried about Jim?AB C D The leaves have turned ye

6、llow. A B CD DBD第8頁(yè)5、定語(yǔ)：它是限定名詞或代詞用，作定語(yǔ)有：名詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式、分詞、動(dòng)名詞和定語(yǔ)從句，若是詞則多作前置定語(yǔ)，若是短語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)從句則只能作后置定語(yǔ)。如the polluted river中polluted和the river polluted by chemicals中polluted by chemicals.第9頁(yè) They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name. A B C D What is your given name?A B CD On the third lap are Class 1 and C

7、lass 3. A B CD I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.A B C D The man downstairs was trying to sleep. AB CD I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!A BCD定語(yǔ) C C A B B D第10頁(yè)6、狀語(yǔ)：它是修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或全句用。如I like it very much中very 修飾much,而much 又修飾like。 狀語(yǔ)說明時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目標(biāo)、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、程度、方式、伴隨情況等。其位置多位

8、于句首或句尾，但表頻率或程度副詞應(yīng)位于句中be動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞之后，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前。地點(diǎn)和時(shí)間應(yīng)按先小后大次序。第11頁(yè)There was a big smile on her face.A B CD Every night he heard the noise upstairs. A B C D He began to learn English when he was eleven. A B CD The man on the motorbike was travelling to fast. A B CD D A D D 挑出以下句中狀語(yǔ) 第12頁(yè)7、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：補(bǔ)充說明句中主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)

9、，作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)有：名詞、形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式和分詞（短語(yǔ)）。如I find it interesting中interesting.8、同位語(yǔ)：把一個(gè)名詞（短語(yǔ)）、代詞或從句放在另一名詞或代詞后，用以說明前者性質(zhì)或情況，這么名詞或代詞叫同位語(yǔ)。如We Chinese people ，love peace中Chinese people是主語(yǔ)We同位語(yǔ).第13頁(yè) She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. A B CD He asked her to take the boy out of scho

10、ol. A B CD She found it difficult to do the work.A B CD They call me Lily sometimes. A B C D C C C C挑出以下句中賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 第14頁(yè)Take a break!第15頁(yè)二、按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)來分，英語(yǔ)句子有以下三種類型：1、簡(jiǎn)單句：簡(jiǎn)單句只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)（或并列主語(yǔ)）和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（或并列謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞）。如：My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the even

11、ing.2、并列句：并列句由并列連詞或分號(hào)“；”把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上簡(jiǎn)單句連在一起組成。如：It is late , so we must hurry.第16頁(yè)3、復(fù)合句：復(fù)合句中含有一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上從句。如：If we want to keep fit , we must always remember that prevention is better than cure. 從以上并列句和復(fù)合句例句來看，我們不難看出它們實(shí)際上是由幾個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句經(jīng)過并列連詞或隸屬連詞連接起來。所以，只要我們掌握了簡(jiǎn)單句幾個(gè)基本句型，我們就能夠經(jīng)過在句中尋找起連接作用連詞來分析復(fù)雜句子。第17頁(yè)三、簡(jiǎn)單句五種基本句型：

12、 1、主語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ) 如：Im not feeling well today.Our country is becoming stronger and stronger. 連系動(dòng)詞有：be, seem, appear, keep, prove, turn out/look, feel,sound, smell, taste/become, grow, get, turn, go, come (true), fall (ill, asleep)第18頁(yè)2、主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞（或短語(yǔ)）（+狀語(yǔ)） 如：The sun rises in the east.The Opium War（鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)） b

13、roke out in 1839.3、主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞（或短語(yǔ)）+賓語(yǔ) 如：They decided to hold a class meeting.We depend on our parents for food and clothing. 第19頁(yè)4、主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ) 如：My father bought me an electronic dictionary.Mr Wang teaches us chemistry. 用于此句型動(dòng)詞有buy, find, bring, give, teach, pass, show, tell, do, leave, get, lend

14、, lose（使失去）, cost(使付出代價(jià)）, offer, promise, sing, write, deny, envy.He denies his wife nothing.第20頁(yè)5、主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 如：Marx made London the base for his revolutionary work. The boy made his sister cry.Our teacher encouraged us to work hard.Our headteacher required us not to be late for class第21頁(yè).1)、接

15、名詞作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有：call, choose, think, consider, believe, find, make, etc.2)、接動(dòng)詞不定式作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有：see, watch, notice, let, have, hear, make; ask, tell, order, require, want, advise, persuade, cause, encourage, permit (allow), forbid, teach.不能用于此結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)詞有：suggest, demand, hope, agree.3)、接形容詞作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有：think, believe, find

16、, feel, consider,keep,leave,make,get,paint,wish,drive.第22頁(yè) 以上五種基本句型中主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)都可擴(kuò)展成對(duì)應(yīng)從句，從而成為復(fù)合句。同時(shí)，復(fù)合句中主、從句也是由以上五種基本句型組成。如： What he says doesnt agree with what he does.Why he came late is that his bike broke down on the way.It occurred to me that I had much homework to do.He promised me that he would

17、attend the lecture.What has made the city what it is now?第23頁(yè) 另外，句子采取哪一句型，完全取決于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用方法.所以，動(dòng)詞使用方法是我們平時(shí)復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)。如：1).最近幾年我們故鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了巨大改變。 In the last few years,great changes have taken place in our hometown.2).昨晚在十字路口發(fā)生了一起嚴(yán)重交通事故。 A serious traffic accident happened/occurred/came about atthe crossing yesterday evening. 第24頁(yè)3).我突然想到一個(gè)絕妙主意。 An excellent idea occurred to me.4).這家餐館昨晚發(fā)生了一場(chǎng)火災(zāi)。 A fire broke out in the restaurant last night.5).聽到這個(gè)激感