副詞和副詞的基本用法市公開課金獎市賽課一等獎?wù)n件

1、副詞與副詞基本使用方法第1頁副詞用來表示動作行為方式、時間和處所，對形容詞和副詞在程度上加以描繪，真實生動地反應(yīng)動作行為及所陳說事情性質(zhì)特征。1 副詞作用 1A 副詞普通用來修飾動詞、形容詞、其它副詞、介詞短語和句子，在句中作狀語，表示時間、地點、方式；也能夠修飾整個句子，表示說話人對話語態(tài)度和看法，就是用副詞詞組做評注性狀語；做連接性狀語，這種副詞詞組中心詞叫做連接副詞conjunctive adverb. eg.“Dont do that again.” he said quietly and firmly.（修飾動詞）“以后別再那樣做了。”他說，口氣溫和但很堅定。This is a fa

2、irly easy book.（修飾形容詞） 這是一本比較淺易書。Its heart beats very slowly.（修飾副詞） （它）心臟跳得很慢。Lincoln was active in politics and was strongly against slavery.（修飾介詞短語）林肯主動參加政治活動，強烈反對奴隸制度。Actually he is a person of honesty .（修飾句子） 實際上，他是個老實人。 第2頁6.1B 副詞也可用以修飾名詞和代詞，在句中作定eg. All the people here are learning English.（修飾

3、名詞） 全部這兒人都在學(xué)英語。The policemen didnt search anything upstairs.（修飾代詞） 警察沒有搜查樓上6.1C 副詞在句中也可作表語和賓語補足語eg. Is anybody in? 里面有些人嗎？You may make it home here. 你不妨把這兒看成家一樣。 第3頁6.2 副詞分類副詞，按照詞組成，分為簡單副詞simple adverb和派生副詞derivative adverb;絕大多數(shù)副詞都是派生詞，adj.+ly組成， carefully; angrily; politely; 少數(shù)由單詞素組成，與形容詞同形，early,

4、late, fast, hard; 副詞能夠依據(jù)它們意思和用途分為時間副詞、地點副詞、方式副詞、程度副詞、頻度副詞、疑問副詞、連接副詞和關(guān)系副詞6.2A 時間副詞(The Adverb of Time)時間副詞表示行為動作發(fā)生時間，?？苫卮饂hen 引導(dǎo)問句，時間副詞有表示確切時間和含糊時間兩種。（1） 表示確切時間：now, then, today, tonight, yesterday, tomorrow, before, this week, last month, next year, the other day, just now, two days ago等（2） 表示含糊時間：a

5、lready, yet, late, early, soon, finally, recently, presently, immediately等。第4頁6.2B 地點副詞(The Adverb of Place)地點副詞表示行為動作發(fā)生地點，?？苫卮饂here 引導(dǎo)問句。地點副詞有表示確切地點和表示位置關(guān)系兩種。（1）表示確切地點：here, there, home, downstairs, abroad, everywhere, nowhere, indoors等。（2）表示位置關(guān)系：up, down, in, by, across, below. over, out, around,

6、away, off, inside, past, through, behind等。注（1）：表示位置關(guān)系副詞也通常具備介詞功效。在句中作副詞還是介詞用，主要區(qū)分于：第5頁a, 假如這類詞后面跟有賓語，就是介詞； eg. They dragged heavy stones with ropes over their shoulders.他們肩背繩索拖拽巨石。You will not see all the animals all through the winter.整個冬天你不會看到全部這些動物。For some days, he stayed in his cave behind his

7、wall.他在墻后面洞里呆了好幾天。The child was running after his father.這小孩跟在他你親后面跑。第6頁b, 假如這類詞與不及物動詞組成一個動詞詞組，后面不跟有賓語，就是副詞；c, 假如這類詞與及物動詞組成一個帶有新意動詞詞組，就是副詞。eg. The lesson is over. 下課了。Ive read the book through. 我已看完這本書。 He hurried home, looking behind from time to time as he went. 他趕快回家，一邊走一邊不時向后看。They arrived soon

8、after. 不一會兒，他們就趕到了。第7頁6.2C 方式副詞（The Adverb of Manner)大多數(shù)方式副詞由形容詞和分詞加后綴組成，也有些方式副詞與形容詞在詞形和詞義上完全相同，但句法作用不一樣，常可回答how引導(dǎo)問句。1）形容詞加ly后綴組成：badly, slowly, proudly, carefully, rapidly, attentively, calmly, warmly, sadly, angrily, happily, suddenly等。2）分詞加后綴ly組成：surprisingly, admiringly, hurriedly, unexpectedly等

9、。3）與形容詞同形近義：fast, hard, well, early, slow, quick, high, straight, alone, wide, direct, far等。注：與形容詞同形近義副詞在句中普通作狀語，表示行為動作方式，對動詞加以描繪和說明，而形容詞則在句中作定語、表語和賓語補足語，反應(yīng)所限定名詞性質(zhì)特征。第8頁1) 作形容詞eg. The work is hard. 這工作很艱辛。 The long straight stems of bamboo are not like tree wood. 竹子又長又直軀干不象樹木。The spaceship leaves th

10、e earth at very high speed. 宇宙飛船高速離開地球。She spoke in a low voice.她低聲說話。2) 作副詞eg. You should study hard and be good students. 你們應(yīng)該刻苦學(xué)習(xí)，做好學(xué)生。He went straight to school. 他徑直去學(xué)校。The plane flew high. 這飛機飛得很高。She read too low to be heard. 她讀書聲音太低，他人聽不見。 第9頁6.2D 程度副詞（The Adverb of Degree)程度副詞大多用來修飾形容詞和副詞，就其

11、反應(yīng)事情在程度上加以描繪，通常也可回答how引導(dǎo)問句。常見程度副詞有：very, much, quite, little, so, too, enough, half, rather, fairly, pretty, entirely, totally, greatly, deeply, hardly, wholly, slightly, scarcely, almost等。注：在上面幾類副詞中，有些副詞有兩種詞形：一個與對應(yīng)形容詞同形，另一個由對應(yīng)形容詞（或副詞）加后綴組成。這兩種詞形副詞，有些在含義上基本相近，另一些在含義上則截然不一樣。第10頁1）在含義上相近副詞：high highly

12、, low lowly, firm firmly, deep deeply, near nearly, short shortly, fair fairly, direct directly, quick quickly, loud loudly, slow slowly, straight straightly等。普通來說，與形容詞同形副詞表示比較詳細(xì)概念，而加后綴ly組成副詞則含有抽象或引申意義。試比較以下句子：The boy climbed very high. 那男孩爬得很高。The government thinks highly of you invention. 政府對你創(chuàng)造評價

13、很高。Youve shot too low. Try a second time. 你射得太低，再試一下。Why on earth are we lowly paid? 終究為何給我們低酬勞？She came near to me. 她向我靠近。The job is nearly finished. 這工作快干完了。The train goes direct to Shanghai. 這趟列車直開上海。Answer me directly. 直接回答我問題。They worked deep into the night. 他們工作到深夜。We were deeply moved by his

14、heroic deeds. 我們被他英勇事跡深深打動了。 第11頁2）在含義上不一樣副詞：hard hardly, just justly, late lately, most mostly, pretty prettily等。試比較以下句子：They pretended to work hard. 他們佯裝賣力地干活。I can hardly understand what they are talking about. 我?guī)缀醪欢麄冊谡務(wù)撔┦裁?。Hes just arrived. 他剛到。He was justly punished. 他受到了應(yīng)有處罰。The money will be

15、 given to those who need it most. 這錢將給那些最需要人。The people who live in Antarctica are mostly visiting scientists. 在南極生活人大多數(shù)是在進(jìn)行考查科學(xué)家。He seldom comes late. 他難得遲到。I havent heard from my parents lately. 最近我沒有收到父母來信。第12頁6.2E 頻度副詞(The Adverb of Frequency)頻度副詞表示行為動作發(fā)生頻度，常可回答how often 引導(dǎo)問句。常見頻度副詞有：often, alwa

16、ys, usually, sometimes, seldom, never, rarely, frequently, occasionally, once a week, twice a day, every other month等。第13頁6.2F 疑問副詞(The Interrogative Adverb)疑問副詞用來引導(dǎo)一個特殊疑問句，表示時間、地點、方式、原因等。疑問副詞有：when, where, how和why.When are the men coming from London? 從倫敦來人什么時候到？Where have you been all these years?

17、這些年你到哪兒去啦？How are you getting along with you English? 你英語學(xué)習(xí)怎么樣？注：疑問副詞how也能夠與一些形容詞、副詞合在一起引導(dǎo)一個特殊疑問句。如：How often do you go to see your uncle? 你多久去探望一次你叔叔？How long will he live in Nanjing? 他將在南京住多久？How soon will your father come back home? 你父親還要多久才會到家？第14頁6.2G 連接副詞(The Conjunctive Adverb)連接副詞用來引導(dǎo)一個主語從句、

18、賓語從句、表語從句或狀語從句，表示從句中行為動作發(fā)生時間、地點、方式、原因等。常見連接副詞有：when, where, whenever, wherever, how和why等。Why he insisted on going there alone wasnt quite clear. （引導(dǎo)主語從句）他為何要堅持孤身一人到那里去不太明白。Can you tell us when and where he received theMasters Degree? （引導(dǎo)賓主從句）你能夠告訴我們他是在何時何地取得碩士學(xué)位嗎？This is how she did it. （引導(dǎo)表語從句） 這就是

19、她怎樣做這事。Come to us whenever you are in trouble. （引導(dǎo)狀語從句）不論你什么時候碰到麻煩，盡可來找我們。第15頁6.2H 關(guān)系副詞(The Relative Adverb)關(guān)系副詞用來引導(dǎo)一個定語從句，對所修飾先行詞在時間、地點和原因上加以限制和說明。關(guān)系副詞有：when, where和why.Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I come to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace?你還記得十年前一個下午我到你家借鉆石項鏈?zhǔn)聠?？The f

20、actory where my father works is in the west of the city.我父親工作那家工廠座落在城西。Nobody knew the reason why he was absent from the party.沒有些人知道他為何沒來參加聚會。第16頁除了上述八類副詞，還能見到如surely, certainly, probably等確定性副詞和therefore等結(jié)果副詞。第17頁6.3 副詞位置英語詞序是相對固定，不過，副詞在句中位置卻比較自由和靈活。普通來說，英語副詞有三種位置，即前位、中位和后位。 6.3A 前位：副詞前位是指把副詞放在句首位置

21、。副詞前位情況有1） 在故事開端Once upon a time there were six blind men who lived in a village in India.從前，有六個瞎子住在印度一個村子里。Many many years ago there lived a king. 很久很久以前，有一個國王。第18頁2） 為了強調(diào)或進(jìn)行對比Quickly he ran towards school and again he was late.他快速向?qū)W校跑去，但又遲到了。3）為了平衡句子Under the tree over there sat a group of foreign

22、ers.在那邊樹下坐著一群外國人。Usually at the beginning of school, the noise of desks being opened and closed, and lesson repeated at the top of the childrens voices could be heard out in the street.日常，在開始上課時，在街上就能夠聽見書桌開關(guān)聲音和孩子們高聲念書聲音。第19頁4）在倒裝句中Away flew the bird. 鳥飛走了。Seldom did he go to the cinema years ago. 幾年

23、前，他極少去看電影。Only in this way can we work out the problem. 只有用這種方法，我們才能算出這道題。（5）在感嘆句和特殊疑問句中How quickly time has gone by! 時間過得多快啊！How well do you understand this lesson? 對這篇課文你能了解多少？第20頁6.3B 中位：副詞中位是指把副詞放在謂語動詞前后位置。副詞中位情況有1）位于行為動詞前Hibernating animals hardly make any movement. 冬眠動物幾乎沒有運動。Do you always go

24、to work without breakfast? 你經(jīng)常不吃早飯就去上班嗎？2）位于連系動詞和第一助詞后The guest is still in your office, waiting for you. 客人還在你辦公室里等你呢。He has often been told to do such a thing. 他經(jīng)常被派遣干這種事。第21頁3）位于非謂語形式前（通常有否定副詞not和never）The pupil promised never to play truant again. 那個小學(xué)生確保再也不逃學(xué)了。I regret not being able to help yo

25、u. 我遺憾沒能幫助你。4）在答句中，助動詞單獨用來替換完全謂語時，位于助動詞前”Do you believe in him？-I never have and I never will.“你信任他嗎？”“我從未信任過他，我永遠(yuǎn)也不會信任他?！钡?2頁6.3C 后位：副詞后位是指把副詞放在句尾位置。副詞后位情況有1）位于不及物動詞后The girl reads clearly and correctly. 這個女孩子念得又清楚又正確。2）位于及物動詞賓語后Ill look the word up in the dictionary. 我將在詞典里查這個詞。Can you finish the

26、work today? 你們今天能完成這項工作嗎？注：（1）有時一個句子中會出現(xiàn)多個副詞或副詞詞組，它們詞序應(yīng)該是：方式副詞地點副詞時間副詞。如：They played the game wonderfully here last night.昨晚他們在這兒打得非常精彩。假如謂語動詞是表示方位性，它們詞序則是：地點副詞方式副詞時間副詞。如：He left home hurriedly on a rainy night.在一個雨夜里，他急忙地離開了家。第23頁（2）有時副詞位置變了，句子意思也會起改變。這要依聽說話人意圖，正確地把握副詞位置試比試：We carefully observed th

27、e teacher doing the experiment.我們仔細(xì)觀察了老師做試驗。 We observed the teacher carefully doing the experiment.我們觀察了老師細(xì)心地做試驗。Ill talk to him gladly. 我將與他高興地談一談。Gladly Ill talk to his. 很高興，我將與他談一談。 第24頁6.3D 各類副詞在句中位置除了一些特殊原因外，普通來說，副詞位置也是相對固定，各類副詞也有自己對應(yīng)固定位置。1）時間副詞：時間副詞通常置于后位，但為了表示強調(diào)、對比、連接等，多數(shù)時間副詞也能夠置于前位。I will l

28、earn my lesson tomorrow. 我明天將學(xué)功課。Today you saw the greatest man in the world. 今天你見到了世界上最偉大人。Finally he took up the grammar book and read us the lesson.最終，他拿起語法書，給我們上語法課。第25頁2）地點副詞：地點副詞通常置于后位，如碰到時間副詞，則置于時間副詞之前，但為了強調(diào)或語法上需要，能夠置于前位。Dont play in the garden. 別在花園里玩耍。He went nowhere this morning. 他早晨什么地方也沒

29、去。At the bus stop I met Mr Yang who taught me English in senior school.在汽車站，我遇見了高中時教我英語楊老師。表示位置關(guān)系副詞經(jīng)常與及物動詞組成動詞詞組，假如動詞賓語是名詞，賓語能夠放在副詞之前，也能夠放在副詞之后；假如動詞賓語是代詞，賓語只能放在副詞之前Shall I bring the guests in?or: Shall I bring in the guests? 要帶客人進(jìn)來嗎？He pulled his cap off.or: He pulled off his cap. 他脫下帽子。試比較：Shall I

30、bring them in? (Right)Shall I bring in them? (Wrong)He threw it away. (Right)He threw away it. (wrong第26頁3）方式副詞：方式副詞通常置于中位，放在它所修飾動詞之后，假如謂語是及物動詞，則放在賓語之后。He spoke slowly to his parents. 他慢吞吞地對父母說話。The children read their lesson loudly. 孩子們高聲朗誦課文。在“動詞+介詞+賓語”結(jié)構(gòu)中，方式副詞能夠放在介詞之前，也能夠放在賓語之后。They looked sadly

31、at the master. 他們都愁容滿面地望著老師。Mr. Crossett looked at us curiously. 克羅塞特先生用好奇目光端詳著我們。第27頁4）程度副詞：程度副詞通常置于中位，放在它所修飾形容詞、副詞、動詞或介詞短語之前。She was seriously ill. 她病得很重。He played the violin fairly well. 他小提琴拉得相當(dāng)好。Well wholly support you. 我們將全力支持你。Lincoln was strongly against slavery. 林肯強烈反對奴隸制度。副詞enough要放在它所修飾形容

32、詞、副詞之后。The room is large enough for us three to live in.這個房間供我們?nèi)俗∈亲銐虼罅?。He didnt work hard enough. 他工作不夠勤奮。第28頁5）頻度副詞：頻度副詞通常置于中位，放在它所修飾動詞之前，假如謂語部分有情態(tài)動詞或助動詞，則放在情態(tài)動詞或第一助動詞之后。He rarely writes to me. 他極少給我寫信。You must always keep it in mind. 這一點你要常記在心。Be careful! You have almost been knocked down. 當(dāng)心！你差點

33、被撞倒。當(dāng)句中謂語是連系動詞be，頻度副詞應(yīng)放在be之后He is scarcely in time for meals. 他難得按時用餐。有些頻度副詞位置很靈活，能夠置于前位，中位或后位。如sometimes, only, regularly, occasionally, repeatedly, once, frequently等。試比較:Sometimes we speak English at school.We sometimes speak English at school.We speak English at school sometimes.有時候我們在學(xué)校講英語。有幾個副詞

34、如perhaps, only等，有時所放位置不一樣，意思也有區(qū)分。試比較：Only Mr Li met the mayor. 只有李先生遇見市長。Mr Li only met the mayor. 李先生只遇見市長。第29頁6.4 副詞比較級和最高級副詞和形容詞一樣，也有原級，比較級和最高級三種形式。6.4A 副詞比較級和最高級組成形式副詞比較級和最高級組成形式也分為規(guī)則和不規(guī)則兩種1）規(guī)則副詞組成形式普通情況組成法 原級 比較級 最高級單音節(jié)副詞 加-er, -est slow slower slowest hard harder hardest雙音節(jié)或多章節(jié)副詞 加more, most q

35、uickly more quickly most quickly wonderfully more wonderfully most wonderfully第30頁注：（1）雙音節(jié)副詞early是原形詞，它比較級和最高級形式應(yīng)為earlier, earliest.而形容詞加后綴ly或去e加-y組成副詞則應(yīng)加more或most組成比較級和最高級（2）副詞often比較級和最高級能夠加-er, -est組成，也能夠加more, most 組成。2）不規(guī)則副詞組成形式 原級 比較級 最高級 well better best badly worse worst little less least mu

36、ch more most far farther/further farthest/furthest第31頁6.4B 副詞比較級和最高級和形容詞一樣，在利用副詞比較級和最高級時，要突出比較對象，省略雷同成份。副詞比較級和最高級在句中常見結(jié)構(gòu)有1） “比較級+than+比較對象“He did the exam more carefully than I. 他考試比我細(xì)心。It is raining harder than ever. 雨下得更大了。有時，than引導(dǎo)從句能夠省略，只表示對主語本身情況比較或比較對象非常明確。I think these photos are better taken

37、. 我認(rèn)為這些照片拍得更加好。第32頁2） “the+比較級.the+比較級“The earlier you start your work, the sooner youll get it finished.你們越早開始工作，就完成得越早。3） “as so /as+副詞原級+as+比較對象”用于必定形式。“not so/as+副詞原級+as+比較對象”用于否定形式，as ?？墒÷浴is stepmother loved him as dearly as his own mother.他繼母愛他像他生母一樣深切。They are not able to read so freely as

38、their teacher.他們讀起來沒有老師流利。第33頁4） “（the）+最高級+介詞短語（或從句）”副詞最高級前通常能夠不用定冠詞the。Of all the subjects I like English best. 在全部學(xué)科中，我最喜歡英語。Can you recommend me a young worker who works fastest and best in your factory?你能給我們推薦一位你們廠里干活最快最好青年工人嗎？副詞比較級和最高級前也能夠有一個對應(yīng)副詞、副詞詞組或數(shù)詞，表示比較程度。He is now working much harder th

39、an before. 他現(xiàn)在工作比以前更勤奮了。Equipped with this new engine, the car runs three times as fast as a normal one.裝上了這種新發(fā)動機，這輛轎車速度比普通轎車快兩倍。第34頁Lilei is _ than any other _ in his class.A. tall, studentsB. taller, studentsC. taller, student.比較級+any other + 單數(shù)名詞. “比其它任何都”. (暗指: 最高級)第35頁1、the +最高級+of+比較范圍2、One of

40、 the +最高級比較級：最高級：第36頁1.She is the _in the class. (young)2.Jason is the _of the three. (tall)3.Whose handwriting is the _of all? (good)youngesttallestbest 最高級使用方法表示三者或三者以上（人或事物）比較用最高級，最高級前面普通要加定冠詞the，后面可帶of（in, among）短語來說明比較范圍.第37頁1.她女兒是她們學(xué)校最好學(xué)生之一.2.中國長城是世界上最偉大建筑之一.“ 最之一”: 用one of the + 形容詞最高級+名詞復(fù)數(shù) +

41、 of / in介詞短語. 如:Her daughter is _ in her school.The Great Wall of China is _ _ in the world.one of the best studentsone of the greatest buildings第38頁The Yellow River is _ river in China.A. the second longest B. the second longer C. second longest the +序數(shù)詞最高級表示第幾第39頁一者比較用原級，比較級限二者比，三者三者往上比，最高級使用方法起；若

42、甲乙程度相同，asas 結(jié)構(gòu)體；若甲某方面不及乙， not so/asas來擔(dān)起；中間形、副連接要切記！Remember 第40頁兼有兩種形式副詞區(qū)分1)關(guān)于clean/cleanly副詞clean作“徑直地，完全地”解： The bullet went clean through (整個地穿過) his arm. I clean forgot (完全忘記) about it.副詞cleanly常作“潔凈利落地”解：This knife doesnt cut cleanly (切起來不利落).2）close/closely 副詞close作“近”解： He lives close to the

43、 school. He was following close behind.作其它解釋時用closely： Watch what I do closely (細(xì)心地). The prisoners were closely (嚴(yán)密地) guarded.第41頁3）關(guān)于clear/clearly副詞clear作“完全地、徑直地”解： You can see clear (一直望到) to the mountains today. The prisoner got clear away. (逃得無影無蹤) clear還能作“隔開、不接觸”解： Stand clear of the gates (

44、離開門)! You should keep clear of the fellow (不要與那家伙來往). 作其它解釋時用clearly，不用clear。 Can you see clearly (清楚地) from here? He is clearly wrong (顯然). 但下面結(jié)構(gòu)中用clear和clearly都能夠： The moon shone clear(ly). (明亮地)He spoke loud(ly) and clear(ly). (清楚地)第42頁4）關(guān)于dead/deadly 副詞dead作“突然地、完全地”解： She stopped dead. 在非正式語體中作

45、“完全地、直接地”解： He was dead tired (極為疲憊). The wind was dead against us (正對著我們). deadly作“死普通地”或“非?！苯猓纾篸eadly pale (死人似蒼白), deadly serious (極端嚴(yán)重), deadly dull (極為枯燥)等。5）關(guān)于direct/directly副詞direct作“直線地，不繞圈子地”解： The train goes there direct. 作“直接地”（即“間接地”反義詞）解時用directly： He was looking at me directly. She an

46、swered me very directly and openly. directly也可作“馬上”或“馬上”解第43頁6）關(guān)于easy/easilyeasy只在一些固定搭配中作副詞： Take it easy. (慢慢來，別急。) Go easy. (別急) Easy come, easy go. (來得輕易花得快)Easier said than done. (說來輕易做時難) Stand easy! (稍息！)除此以外用easily。I can easily finish it today.He is not easily (輕易) satisfied.That may easily

47、be the case. (情況很可能就是那樣) It is easily (無疑) the best hotel.第44頁7）關(guān)于fair/fairly fair在下列搭配中作副詞： You must play fair (光明磊落). I hit him fair on the nose (不偏不歪/正打在鼻子上). Hes dealt fair and square (公平地) with me. 在其它搭配中用fairly： He told the facts fairly (清楚地). He doesnt play the game fairly (公平，光明正大). He was fairly (完全) beside himself with joy (欣喜若