翻譯功能論對導游詞漢英翻譯的策略導向

1、翻譯功能論對導游詞漢英翻譯的策略導向論文關鍵詞：功能論導游詞中英翻譯策略論文摘要：隨著成功舉辦第29奧林匹克運動會，中國作為新崛起的大國在世界舞臺上扮演著更加重要的角色，使得來華旅游人數(shù)的不斷攀升，中國的旅游業(yè)也在飛速開展著。導游，將肩負起比以往更加艱巨的職責，要把景點的奇美之所在，文化的精妙之處精準地傳達介紹給來華游客。導游口譯，作為專業(yè)領域的翻譯，亟需有效的翻譯理論指導并提供相應的漢英翻譯策略以克制其翻譯障礙。本文旨在引進德國的功能派翻譯理論對導游詞漢英翻譯的策略導向進展闡述,以導游詞翻譯現(xiàn)狀為切入點，涉及紐馬克的文本功能分類說以及費米爾的翻譯目的論,簡述導游詞翻譯的語言特征。繼而從導游詞

2、翻譯中所存在的翻譯障礙出發(fā)，詳釋產(chǎn)生障礙的原因和中英語言在表現(xiàn)形式的不同點并引用一些導游口譯中漢英翻譯的實例,通過不同翻譯方法的比照分析,提出在處理導游詞漢英翻譯過程中所需要運用的策略，以此實如今功能派翻譯理論指導下進展導游詞漢英翻譯方面的無與倫比的意義。intrdutiniththedevelpentfsietyandeny,turis,askelessindustry,hasbeeaniprtantindustryitharapidlygrthratenaglbalsale.afterthesuessfhldingthe29thlypigaesthisautun,thusandsfilli

3、nsfverseasvisitrs,hareeagerttuhthisldysteriusnatinitharesplendentulturefre5000years,arethrnginginturuntry.bytheendf2022,thenuberfthefreignturistshasreahed50illin,arapidgrthf19perentparediththepreviusyear.inard,turistindustryisnthebakbnefhinasenygrth.urrently,hinahasrankedasthe5thinbundturistarketfll

4、ingu.s,spain,franeanditaly.itisestiatedthathinaillintheprirityfdestinatinfrturisandsightseeingintherldidetill2022.hina,aenruslandabundantinsightseeingresures,hasrankedhighallvertherdfritsspetaularnaturalndersandysteriusheritages.turistsanlibthegreatall,lkarundtheiperialpalaeinbeijing,anderverthebust

5、lingbundandnanjingradinshanghai,batalngtheqinghuairiverinnanjing,vietheterrattaarrirsandhrsesexavatedfrtheeperrqinshihuangsausleuinxian,enjysuzhusgardensandtheestlakeinhangzhu.freveryhereinhinaanvisitrsbeintxiatediththebeautifulseneries.turisbringshinaagreatdealfprfits.first,itprvidesrepprtunitiesfr

6、hinesepepletkntheinternatinalrldandprtefriendshipandunderstanding.send,itbringsfinaniallybenefitsandinreasetheinefgvernent.eanhile,itreatestheneedtuniateithdifferentithdifferenttngues.undersuhirustanesthatguide-interpretatinhasgrupandbeenauthrizedasaprfessin.guide-interpretatin,thepressfinterultural

7、uniatins,happenshileguidesintrduehistrialinterestsandsenibeautiestverseasvisitrs.theguidesneedtpresentthelrfulandattrativeiagefinterestsfhinainthepressfguide-interpretatin.butfrdifferentulturalbakgrundsandusts,itisverydiffiultfrtheguidettranslatehisinterpretatinintenglishliterallyingtthenegativeeffe

8、texertedbydifferentlinguistibstales.ithutveraiusandaurateguideinterpretatin,verseasvisitrsayissessenefulturehentheyaretravelingarundhinaletalneenjytheirjurneys.s,itreallyhasbeenaseriusprblethateustnfrnt,anditisalsaprblefurgenyhtintrdueuruniquehinesesightseeingseneriesreprperlyandexatlyandprtetheinte

9、r-ultureuniatin.asaresult,asysteatiandeffetiveguidetheryistheiperiusdeandfguideinterpretatin.asehavealaysregarded“bingpratieiththery,thetheryustprvideapprpriatestrategiesfrsuessfulguide-interpreting.sidliketritesuhadissertatintarguesethingabutguide-guidingfrtheaspetfgeranfuntinalisttranslatinthery,h

10、ihanhelpusthandleinterpretingethdlgially.thisthesisillnarrdnitsspeerelynguide-interpretingn-e,andstsaplesaregatheredfrauthritativebilingualbks,ebsites,nespapers,hihillbelistedatthelastpagefypart.funtinalisttranslatintheryfuntinalisttranslatinthery,arelativelysysteatiandnsuatethery,istherystallizatin

11、fisdfshlarsinlngperidfhuanhistry.idliketpresentarenentrateanddetailedeluidatinitsfeaturesasflls27:2.1develpentfgeranfuntinalisttranslatintherygeranfuntinalististheainstreafthedernfuntinalisttranslatintheryhihsprungupin1970singerany.therehavebeenfurutstandingntributrstfrthisthery:reiss(1971-pssibilit

12、iesandliitatinsintranslatinritiis),h.j.vereer(1986-skpsthery),justahlzanttari(1988-translatrinalatin)andnrd(2001).in1971,inthebkpssibilitiesandliitsftranslatinritiis,reissputfrardadelftranslatinritiishihbasednthefuntinalrelatinshipbeteensureandtargettextsinhebkpssibilitiesandliitsftranslatinritiis.s

13、hestillheldttheequivalenepriniple,therefrehertheryasbasednthefuntinalequivalenebeteensureandtargettexts.vereer,thestudentfreiss,definedtranslatinasapurpsefulhuanativitythattakesplaeinagivensituatinbasednatinthery.heputfrardskpstheriehihservesasthefundatinfthefuntinalisttranslatinthery.skpsisagreekrd

14、fr“purpse,andskpstherieeansthetheryfpurpsefulatin.skpstherietheryinludesthreeprinipalrules:naely,theskpsrule,theherenerule(intratextualherene)andthefidelityrule(intertextualherene).nthebasisfskpstherie,justahlznttriputfrardthentinf“essagetransitterhihispsedftextualaterialsbinediththerediasuhassunds,

15、pituresandbdyveents.plaingspeialephasisntheatinalaspetsfthetranslatinpress,sheanalyzedtherlesfthepartiipants(initiatr,translatr,user,essagereeiver)andthesituatinalnditins(tie,plae,tive)inhihtheirativitiestakeplae.nrdthenputfrardhistpriniplesabut“skpsand“l(fā)yalty,hihnstitutethetbasipriniplesfskpsthery.

16、2.2skpstheryskpsthery,servingastheentraltheryfgeranyfuntinalis,isanapprahttranslatinhihdevelpedingeranybyvereerinthelate1970s,andtherdskps,derivedfrgreek,hetranslatinfsientifiandaadeipapers,in

17、strutin,ntrats,turistguides,et.,thentextualeleentssurrundingthetranslatinanntbenegleted.theseeleentsinludetheultureftheintendedreadersfthetargettextandtheulturefthelienthhasauthrizedit,andpartiularlythefuntinthatthetextistrepresentinthatulturefrthsereaders.skpstheryephasizetheinteratinal,pragatiaspe

18、tsftranslatin,advaningthattheshapefthetargettextshuldbedeterinedbythefuntinhieflyrskpsthatitisintendedtfulfillinthetargetntext.vereerassuesthatasageneralrule,skpstheryintendedpurpsefthefthetargettextthatdeterinesethdsandstrategiesftranslatin.frthishypthesishenludeskpsrule:huan(anditssubdivisin:trans

19、latin)isdeterinedbyitspurpse(skps),andtherefreitisafuntinfitspurpse.theainpintfthisfuntinalethdisthattheprspetivefuntinrskpsfthetargettextasdeterinedbytheinitiatrs,i.e.lientsneeds.nsequently,theskpsislargelyrestritedbythetargettextreaderandhis/heviefvereer,thesuretextisr

20、e-neptualizedandisalsseenasaninfratinffer,hihthetranslatrustinterpretthrughseletingthsefeaturesthatstlselyaterfrtherequireentsfthetargetsituatin.2.3texttyplgygrundednbuhlerslassifiatinflanguagefuntins(i.e.presentatin,expressinandappeal)andreisssearlytexttyplgythery,peternearkakesafurtherresearhandla

21、ssifiesallthetextsintthreetextualfuntins:infrative,expressiveandvativefuntins340.(1)theinfrativefuntintheinfrativefuntintextsainlyrefertnn-literaryrksinludingsientifipapers,nespaperreprts,textbks,aadeitheses,andjurnalartiles.thefirstpurpseftranslatingthesetextsistfullyrendertheextra-linguistiinfrati

22、nfthetext.ifthetargettextnveysalltheneessaryinfratinfthesuretextrretlyandasterly,itangetrrespndingeffet.nsequently,setiesitisneessaryfrusthaveseveraldifferenttranslatedversinstexpressthesaesuretext,andalltheseversinsarerthhiletaept.(2)theexpressivefuntintheexpressivefuntintextsgenerallyinludesauthri

23、tativestateents,literaryrks,autbigraphy,persnalrrespndene,et.nearkarguesthataidealtranslatinfexpressivefuntintextisaresurgeneftheauthrsritingstyle.thisfuntinisauthr-riented,andthetranslatrshuldstikbytheriginalauthr.theauthrusestheverbalistexpresshisfeelingsunaarefanyrespnse.(3)thevativefuntinthevati

24、vefuntintextsaredifferentfrthettextsabve.thisfuntinnentratesnallingnpepletd,tthinkandtfeel.itisreader-rientedandtheeffetfthetranslatinustbeevaluatedbyreadersrespnse.prpagandaaterials,nties,advertiseents,instrutinsandtherpersuasiveritingsallbelngstthisategry.inviefthelinguistiandulturalbarriersbeteen

25、languages,itisessentialfrthetranslatrtrereatethepersuasivetranslatintattratthetargetreaders,andtherereatinisneftheajrbjetivesfturistaterials.2.4uniativetranslatinapartfrthetherrrespndentlassifiatinftextualfuntins,nearkputsfrardtdesftranslatinseantitranslatinanduniativetranslatin.seantitranslatinisus

26、uallyappliedttehnial,literaryandsientifitext,likeisetherntextsherelanguagefthesuretextisatleastassignifiantasthetext.uniativetranslatinistheneinhihthetranslatratteptstprduethesaeeffetnthetlreadersasasprduedbytheriginalntheslreaders.exaplesftext-typesfrthisdeftranslatinuldbeprperinludetextbks,jurnali

27、striting,publintiesandstnn-literarygenres.differentfrseantitranslatin,uniativetranslatinisthereader-rientedtranslatinstrategy,erpretingisusua

28、llytakingplaeinsiultaneusdes.asfrguideinterpreting,itftentakesplaehenfreignvisitrsareintrduedbyguideinterpreterstadifferentulturalenvirnent,espeiallytsenesenisptsrneulturalphenenn4.frexaple,henfreignvisitrsgttheiperialpalae,theturguidesshuldintrduethehlehistryfthefrbiddenityintargetlanguagetthevisit

29、rstsatisfytheirurisity,ntnlythenstrutinharateristis,butalsthelegendspasseddngeneratinbygeneratin5.inshrt,guide-interpretingisaninterpretingserviesprvidedbytheguide-interpretertthefreignturistsinludingtheralintrdutinsintargetlanguagesreferttravelservies,turistattratins,naturalran-adeseneries,ateringu

30、ltureintravel,andalsisanatfrss-ulturaluniatin.3.2bjetiveandreeptrsf-eguideinterpretatineangainanlusinthrughthedefinitinhihhasbeendisussedabvethatthebjetivef-eguideinterpretatinissupplyingturistsinfratin,espeiallyintrduethehineseulturetverseasvisitrs.sguide-interpretingisdesignedfrthespeifineedsfthet

31、urists,andallthefatrsinguide-interpretingaredeterinedbythespeifineedsfturists,thatistsay,turist-rientedistheleadingprinipleinguide-interpreting.stheverseasvisitrsheallthethetargetreeptrsareinterestedinhineseseneriesanduldliketknreabutthenaturalandan-adeseneriesfhina.stheyaethinafrdifferentuntriestha

32、veajurney.duringtheirtur,theguideinterpretershuldexpresstherelevantlegendsrhistrialeventsabuttheterinustthsereeptrs.atually,theinterpretersfinalgalistakethsepeplegetafullandlearunderstanding.3.3haratersf-eguideinterpretatin3.3.1funtinharatersf-eguideinterpretatinfrvervie,theguideinterpretersntnlyant

33、tattrattheturistsattentinbutalsintendtnvineturistfthegdlinessfhineseattratins.ithsuhpurpses,thegdguideinterpretatinshuldbeinfrative,attrativeandpersuasive1).infrativeinfrativeeffet,thepriaryeffetfinterpretatin,eansguideinterpretatinshuldprvideturistsenughinfratinabuttheirbjets,inludingthehistrial,ul

34、turalrnaturalvalueftheattratinhihtheturistsneed.suhinfratinuldhelpvisitrsfrapriaryipressin.2)attrativethereisndenyingthatnlyinfrativeintrdutinanntattratpeplesattentinsuessfully.nsequently,guideinterpretatinshuldprdueexiteent,pleasepeplephysiallyandpsyhlgiallyinanattepttapturevisitrsattentin.thatisak

35、eattrativeeffet.3).persuasiveanapprpriateandtriuphantinterpretatinneedststiulatevisitrsinteresttat,asaresult,tbepersuasiveisagreatiprtantrleplayedbyaidealguideinterpretatin.visitrsinterestanddeisinareprtedbyhattheyheardfrtheguideinterpreters.tbeaatterffat,allfthesefuntinsarelselyrelatedithandipatnea

36、hther.thatistsay,aprefetguideinterpretatinustbeprvidedithinfrativefuntin,attrativefuntinandpersuasivefuntin.3.3.2languageharatersf-eguideinterpretatinintersftheaeptabilityftheverseasvisitrsfvariusbakgrunds,thelanguageinguideinterpretatinshuldbeneitherllquialnrtfral.therdsusedinithadbettertbebriefand

37、vivid.generallyspeaking,aprinentguideinterpretatinustbenise,appealingandftenfigurative6.1).nisenessenglishstressnisenessanddiretness.saqualifiedinterpretershuldbearthisfeatureinindinthepressfinterpretingandtrytprvidetheniseandpreiserksfrvisitrs.exaple1:tinyislandsarestrungarundtheedgefthepeninsulali

38、keapearlneklae.hunksfralreed,nutpalsandfinehitesand.inenglish,thebeautyasbedesriptbyatualseneriesjustasaphttakenbyaaera.hever,inhineseeusuallyuseabstratrdstdesriptthesenery.therelevanthineseversinisasflls座座島嶼玲瓏小巧，嚴密相連，像一串珍珠綴成的項鏈，環(huán)繞著半島邊緣。島上珊瑚礁紅，椰樹成片，沙灘如銀，風光如詩如畫。賈文波，2000：852).appealingnessithutappeali

39、ngsenidesriptinandhistrialintrdutin,visitrspassinanntbearusedeasily.ithuttheirexiteentandinterest,hinauldntleaveagreatipressinintheirinds.sappealingnessservesasthehingeinguideinterpretatinsinethevividdesriptinfseneryandthefasinatingnarratinfysteriusulturehelptenhanttheverseavisitrs.3).figurativelang

40、uageturistsiaginatinfhineselandsapeandultureisenrihedbyvariusrhetridevieslikesiile,etaphr,alliteratin,et.thefigurefspeehuldakethesenidesriptinpartiularlyvividandattrative7.funtinalisttranslatintheryappliedinguideinterpretatin4.1skpstheryappliedinguideinterpretatinsinethetranslatinstrategyisdeterined

41、bypurpse,vereersuarizesthreepssiblekindsfpurpse:thetranslatrsgeneralpurpse(perhapstearnaliving);theuniativepurpsefthetargettext(perhapstinstrutthereader);thepurpseaiedatbyapartiulartranslatinstrategyrpredure(frexaple,ttranslateliterallyinrdertshthestruturalfeaturesfthesurelanguageasfarasthepurpsefgu

42、ideinterpretatin,itusuallyreferstthesendpurpse,uniativepurpsefthetargettext.thepurpsefguideinterpretatinnernsintrduinghineseplaesfinterestandhineseuniqueulturettheutsiderldandakeverseavisitrsfeelvaluabletturhina,byhihtheinterpretatinstrategiesfrguideinterpretatinaredeterined.therefre,nsideringtheaep

43、tabilityfthetargetreaders,thepurpsefguideinterpretatindeandsintelligibleandflexibletranslatinstrategies.4.2texttyplgyappliedinguideinterpretatinithnearksthery,thetextanbelassifiedintthreetypes:infrative,expressiveandvative.hever,nearkalsindiatesthattherearenstritbundariesbeteenthesethreekindsftexts.

44、s,befreelkfrtheapprpriatestrategiesfrguideinterpretatin,letuslkathihkinddesitbelngt.firstly,guide-interpretatinprvideturistinfratinabuttravel,eanhile,thevividintrdutinisdesignedtarusetheurisityfvisitrs,hisinstane,theguide-interpretatinisthebinatinfinfrativeandvat

45、iveneintersfitsajrfuntins,hihshuldbetakenintnsideratinbefreedeterinethetranslatinstrategies.strategiesappliedin-eguideinterpretatin5.1issininenglishitfllsthatanyrdshihperfrnusefulfuntinthatis,hihaddnthingttheeaningshuldbeeditedut.shatisregardedasanaturalrindispensableeleentinhineseayberegardedassupe

46、rfluusinenglish.sehinesesentenes,henrenderingintenglish,needtberidfredundantrdssastnfrtidiatienglishexpressins.ittingiseplyedintheinterpretingpresshen“faithfultranslatinfseadinistrativejargnsandslgansspeifithinaightresultinverladedrdistrteduniatinftheriginalintentins.therefreinthisase,ertainissinsay

47、berefuntinalthanalngandpliatedtranslatinfallthedetails.ittingalsrksellfrtheguideinterpretatinithlargequantityfanientversesandflerylanguage,hihuldaffetturists8.exaple2:劉備章五三年病死于白帝城永安宮，五月運回成都，八月葬于惠陵。liubeidiedfthethirdyearfzhangu(nefnaesfrrerdingyearsespeiallyinhineseanienttiehenaneeperrthrned)atthepa

48、laefeternalpeaeinbaidiuntyandasfinallyburiedinhuilingafterthreenthshenarriedbakthengtuinay.therd-by-rdtranslatinanbeentedthatitattainstheequivaleneinlinguistissuhaslexial,graatialandsyntatifrs,frthesenteneauratelyadptsuhrdingindesribingtheepisdehereassuhtranslatinayaketargetreeiverdeviatetheirurisit

49、yingtthelssfentralipressin.thusthetargetreeiversanntahieveanidentialenjyentastheriginalreadersd,hihisseriuslyblaedinskpsthery.suggestedenglishversin:liubeidiedfillnessin223atthepresent-dayfengjieunty,sihuanprvine,andburiedhereinthesaeyear9.paredttherd-by-rdversin,thendensedneitsithutrensideratinthel

50、atterpart,naely“五月運回成都，八月葬于惠陵.inthisase,suffietsaythattheplaeisfausfrtheeventthatliubei,aell-knnfigureinthehistry,diedandburiedhereithnneedtstatethepressfthefuneral.theayfalternatin,stspeak,appliesthefuntinaliststrategyephasizingthepragatieffetntargetreeiver.thesendversindefinitelyakesturistsithlitt

51、leknledgefhineseultureunderstandthefusdiretlyandlearly.5.2aplifiatinaplifiatineanssupplyingneessaryrdsininterpretatinnthebasisfaurateprehensinftheriginaltakehisversinbthaurateineaningandinkeepingiththeidiatiusefthetargetlanguage.thisisbeauseenglishandhinesearetentirelydifferentlanguagesandeahhasitsn

52、histrialandulturalbakgrund.besides,anyideas,idiatiexpressinsandshrthandrdsthatareellunderstdintheuntryftheirriginanhardlyakesensetpepleabrad.therefre,itisuniaginablefraninterpretertstikttheriginalpatternithutalteratin.exaple3：產(chǎn)自云南高山云霧之中，清明前精心采制theteaisgrnnaturallynuntainslpesnurishedinludsandist.ing

53、titsslgrthatthisaltitude,theplantsgivehighqualityandpurehealthtea.theteaispreparedfrtenderleaveshiharepikedduringearlyspring,andeverydrpfitsesseneisretainedinthetenderleaves10.therearetpintsinthetranslatinintersfsi-pragatiequivalene.thefirstistranslatingf“清明前int“duringearlyspring.“清明isfailiartthehin

54、ese,hihillberealledasthetiefaprilinearlyspringheneverythingesbaktlifeithvigr.atually,thesurelanguageantstexpressthetealeavesisffreshtasteandrihnutritin.duringtranslatin,ifeput“清明int“qingingdayr“thetb-seepingday,thefreignersanntunderstandbeausetheydnthavesuhaulturesthattheyayfailtassiateearlyspringit

55、hthebestseasnfrthetea.sinthesaple,theinterpreterntnlydealsith“清明apprpriately,butalsffersreinfratintshtheiprtanefpikingtealeavesduringearlyspring,hihisessentialbeausetheexpsitinayhelpfreignerstgrasprepragatieaningsastbetterfulfillthefuntinfguideinterpretingtransitinfratin.thesendfeatureisthesartrende

56、ringf“高山云霧.theinterpreterdesntputitint“ntheuntainpeakaidsttheludandistbeausepeplehavedifferentulturalbakgrunduldhavedifferentprehensinnthis.asfrhineserpeplefailiarithteaulture,leavesntheuntainpeakaidsttheludandistaregreatinqualityanddgdthealth.butfrfreigners,theyuldntunderstandhyeuldephasizetheteaas

57、pikedfrthatplae.srdfrrdtranslatinannthelptargetlistenersprehensintheessenethesurespeakeruldliketexpress.funtinalisgiveseightttheinfratinaeptabilityintargetulture.andainterpreterissuppsedtnveytheinfratinthatisatleastlikelytbeeaningfulttarget-ulturereeivers.besides,inguide-interpretingitistheguide-int

58、erpretersrespnsibilitybthtnveytheaeptableinfratintfreignturistsandtprpagatehinashistryandulturesastaketheturisdestinatinattrativetfreignturistsfrthereisansayinginthefieldfturisthatthebeautyfsightsdependsnthespeehfguides.5.3substitutinthehangefiagesinhinese-englishinterpretatinisalstinevitablebeausef

59、thediversitybeteenthetultures.althughbththehineseandtheesternersshareseulturalphenenaandliteraltranslatinisfeasibleinseases,seiagesinhinesethatausenvisualprblesfrhinesestillbeevisuallyridiulusrlsetheuniativeeaningipliedhentheyareliterallyrenderedtesternturists.ulturalsubstitutinisafeasibleaytverethe

60、interulturaluniativebarrierfiagerynfrntatins.exaple4:綠林好漢versin1:thegreendherversin2:hineserbinhdinthisexaple,“綠林vividlydesribestheenvirnentalfeaturesfthegreendheresresidene.hever,theesternturistshknalittleabuthineseharatersayhavediffiultiestunderstandtheliteraltranslatinftheseiages.thusaliteralrend