超重點4 名詞、數(shù)詞 學(xué)案-高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)

1、超重點4根據(jù)句意填名詞、數(shù)詞考向I名訶的用法與構(gòu)訶規(guī)律 【考情詢研】名訶在句中可作主語、及物動訶或介詞的賓語、表語,在冠詞、形容訶性物主代訶、名訶所有格或冠詞+形容詞” 后.一般用名詞形式，近五年高考對名詞的考查情況詳見下衣:考點考頻動詞/形容一名詞5年10考名詞一名詞5年1考備考指南名詞的構(gòu)詞規(guī)律是高考的必考點，考生備考時要注意?？荚X匯 的變形(除了上述變形外,還應(yīng)注意常見的以-al. -ance/vnce, -age. ure, ness, dom結(jié)尾的名詞)及特殊變形，確保書寫正 確-另外，除了作主語和賓語,名詞所有格及名詞作定語也是 備考不可忽視的考有點.調(diào)研 I (2021 浙江 6

2、 月卷)In 1844 they bought il (the house) for $ 1. 200 andsome land from Charles Dreser. who performed their(marrj jceremony in 1842.分析旬意：1844年，他們以1200美元的價格從Charles Dresser手中買下了它(這座房子)和一些土地，Charles Dresser在1842年為他們舉行了婚禮.空前為形容訶性物主代詞their，空后為名詞，故空處作定語修飾ceremony;所給詞marry的形 容詞形式married意為“已婚的，結(jié)好的,婚姻的“，不符合語境

3、，根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示嫣禮，應(yīng)用名詞marriage作定語.marriage ceremony意為“婚禮答 案：marriage同類拓展以-age結(jié)尾的名訶小結(jié)直接加或去e Ml-agc的名詞有：package包,盒:postage郵資.郵費潑lorage貯存：shortage缺乏，短缺:coverage fit靛范圍易錯特殊變形：nwrry-*marriagc婚姻;cany-carriage客車箱，運(yùn)輸謝研 2(2021 合把八中 6 月模擬)Chinese archaeologists announced(discover) of over 500 cultural relies, du

4、ring un ongoing excavation (開掘)at the Sanxingdui Ruins site in Guanghan.Sichuan Province.分析句意：中國考古學(xué)家宣布,在四川廣漢三星堆遺址正在進(jìn)行的一項開掘中發(fā)現(xiàn)了 500多件文物?？仗幬欢阍~the 之后，介訶of之前，故填名訶.答案：discovery同類拓展以少/-3十、，/-2結(jié)尾的名詞小結(jié).-y/-ly ： certainty 必然的事;difficulty 困難xliscovcry 發(fā)現(xiàn);delivery 遞送:honcsly老實:recovery快發(fā)，捽愈：safely安心:cruelty殘忍

5、易錯 特殊變形：anxious*anxicty;bravc-*bravcr),； various-*varicty.-ily ：(直接加或去e加activity活動:cmalivity創(chuàng)造力:diversily多樣性:equality平等，均等:popularily受歡迎，普及:realily現(xiàn)實:sccurily安全工作:similarily相似 性易借 特殊變形：able-* ability; cunous curiosity; disable -* disability;possiblc-* possibility; poor-poverty： responsible-responsib

6、ility ”.-cy ：詞尾 l (e)變 cy agcnJagcncy 代理機(jī)構(gòu);efficientcnkicncy 效率：urgent-urgency 緊急:frequemfrequency 坂域:fluent-fluency 流利;accurate-accuracy 準(zhǔn)確性;private-*privacy 隱私易用特殊變形：cmcrgc-*cmcrgcncy緊急情況;tcndtcndcncy趨坍.調(diào)研 3 (2021廣州二模Glass harps havent entirely disappeared. ihough.You can still find some street(mu

7、sic) playing them to entertain large crowds.分析旬意：不過玻赭登琴并沒有完全消失。你仍然可以發(fā)現(xiàn)些街頭音樂家演奏它們來娛樂群眾.取據(jù)句意可知,此處表示街頭音樂家.空處作動詞find的賓語,再由空前的some可知.應(yīng)用更數(shù)形式.答案：musicians同類拓展表示人1的后綴小結(jié)I .-er beginner 初學(xué)者:runner 奔胞的人;ob$crvcr 觀察者;performer 表演者;$cltler 移民;employer 雇主.-cc employee 麻丁.Xniincc 實習(xí)生:interviewee 參加面試者 3.Yer engine

8、er I：程師;mounlaincc登山運(yùn)發(fā)動;volunteer 志愿者.-or competitor 參賽者;snducior 指揮:creator 創(chuàng)選者:editor 編輯:invemor 創(chuàng)造家;sailor 海員.-am assistant 助手;servant 仆人;participant 參與者;applicant 申請人.-ar beggar 乞丐：liar 說謊者:scholar 學(xué)者.isi ariisi藝術(shù)家:chemist化學(xué)家journalist新人工作者;novelisi小說家;pianist鋼琴家;acepiionisi接待員;sciemisi科學(xué)家jspeci

9、alisi專家xourst旅游者：lypisi打字員.-ian civilian 平民;hi$lorian 歷史學(xué)家;librarian 圖書管理員;musician 音東家創(chuàng)新預(yù)測在空白處以入括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式.1 . A(s(udent)college experience is his or her own.and the student must put his or her education first.( 2021 湖北三校 6 月模拉)Director Jia told Chinese media she had suflered a lot after he death o

10、f her mother, but hoped the audience would enjoy (he spirit and optimism displayed in the film, rather than focus on the(sad).f crops. 2021 陜西西安中學(xué) 5 月七模)After (he girls met. they ended up striking up a(friend)and remained friends; they (old (heir story logelher on a podcast in 2009.A growing body of

11、 research proves that the keys to aging normally arc a of exercising rcgularly,kecping busy and maintaining a healthy diet with nutritious foods(combine).Chang Shana has spent her entire life carrying on her fathers(commit) to Dunhuang.S.Thc name Longmcn mcans-a gate for dragons in Chinese and comes

12、 from a(poct)writtcn by Yan Ziling,who traveled there during the Easts Han Dynasty. O.In 199() about 750 million people in this couniry lived in extreme(poor): today fewer than 10 million do.【同類拓展】以ncss 結(jié)尾的名詞小結(jié) 一般直接在詞尾加ncss : awarcncssxoldncss:darkness：fitncss：gx)dncss：i)lncss：kindncss;nchncss;sadne

13、ss:tiredncss;wcakncss 易 錯 特殊變形：happyhappine&sjonely-loneliness?！就愅卣埂恳?er結(jié)尾而表事物的名詞小結(jié)cooker悶具;hanger衣架;coniaino容JS;hcalcr加熱瑞;cooler冷卻mcan”吸塵器，清潔劑(也可表人.指清潔工)【同類拓展】以山結(jié)尾的名詞小結(jié)詞尾且接加或去 e 加lh : grow(h:(ruth;warmth:wid(h易借 特殊變形：deepdepth; longlcngth; strong-*strcngth;young -*youth; dic-dcath.【司類拓展】以-ship結(jié)尾的*

14、詞小結(jié) 在詞尾直接如ship ： friendship友ifihardship艱雄:le“dership領(lǐng)杼地位:membership會員資格:partnership合作關(guān)系:scholarship 獎學(xué)金【同類拓展】以( at ) ion結(jié)尾的名詞小結(jié)1)直.接加或去 e hll-ation : adaptation 適應(yīng):admiraUon 欽集:consideraiion 仔細(xì)考 determination 決心:expectation 期里;fbundation 創(chuàng)立:inspiration 靈感;inviiaiion 遨 organization 組織;preparation 準(zhǔn)備;

15、relaxation 放松；starvation 饑餓;transfdrmation 轉(zhuǎn)交(2)直接加或去 c ftll-ion I accommodation 住處;accumulation 枳聚:adoption 采用；association 聯(lián)想:celebraiion 慶祝:collection 鬃集;congratuladon 祝貨:connexion 關(guān)聯(lián);construction 建筑;decoration 裝飾:donation 捐贈:discussion 討論:expression 表達(dá);election 選舉;evalualion 評價;hcsiiation 猶瑾;inve

16、ntion 創(chuàng)造;impression 印象;insiruclion 教導(dǎo);localion 定位;objection 反對;opcraiion 操作;participalion 參與 possession H zprediclion ri;protection 保護(hù):reaction 反響:rcllcclion 深思:sdecl沁n 選擇沁n 嫻譯(3) 特殊變形：apply-*application 申請:admitadmission 準(zhǔn)許力口入:assumerassumpiion 假 設(shè):compeiecompeiition tt;conclude-*conclusion 結(jié)論;dcci

17、dcdccision 決定;dcscribc-*dcscription 描寫;dividcdivision 分ft!, 5M?;cxplain-*cxplanation flW;introducc-*introduccion 采用;intend-ntemion 目 ff):qualification 資格;permitpermission i1:r：pronounccpronunciation Zerecognize* recognition i/viR;satisfjsatisfaction 滿 意:sohesoluiion解決方法【同類拓展】以ment結(jié)尾的名詞小結(jié)直接加mcnt achi

18、evement 成就:adjustment 調(diào)整:amazement 驚奇:announcement 宣布:amusement;acknowlcdgcmcnt astonishment 驚訝:accomplkhmcnl 成就 appoinunent 任命:arrangemeni 安排:assessmeni 評估;eniertaimnent 招待:adveriisemeni 廣告疝sappointmeni 失 ：development 開展:encounigemeni 鼓 勵;excitement 興奮 cquipmcnl 配備;employment 就業(yè);management 經(jīng)營;movcm

19、cnl 運(yùn)動;punishment 懲罰 requirement 所需的東西;government 政府Matement 陳 述:seulement 解決;trealmenl 對待易錯:需要去e的argument爭論;去不去e均可的judg e) ment判斷力?！就愅卣埂科渌？嫉拿X變形小結(jié)(1)以ance，ence結(jié)尾的名詞：直接加或去e后加ance，ence的名詞：appearance出現(xiàn)：annoyance煩怖allendance出席:acynance認(rèn)可:a&sisumce援 助:existence 存在;guidance 引導(dǎo);performance 發(fā)演;preference

20、 偏愛；resistance易錯 特殊變形：toleratetolerance忍耐力.詞尾Ynl 變形以al結(jié)尾的名詞：arrival到達(dá);approval批準(zhǔn);proposal提議;survival幸存(3)以dom結(jié)尾的名河：freedom自由;boredom厭煩;wisdom-慧(4)以ing結(jié)尾的名詞:beginning開薪ending結(jié)局;feeling感覺;gardening園藝活；greeting問候;hunting打狷;hearing聽力,聽覺：特殊變化surroundings環(huán)境(5)以ure結(jié)尾的名詞：failure失敗:mixium混合:pressure壓力:pleasu

21、n?愉快：departure離開,出發(fā):exposure面臨，暴露(6)無規(guī)律可循的特殊變形：applaud-*applausc;bclicvcbclicf;chhcight;proudpridc;tour* tourism; weigh-weight;vary-variety;lose-loss考向2可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)變形【考情調(diào)研】英語中的名訶(不可數(shù)除外)一般不獨立使用，須在其前加限定詞，用冠詞,有別于漢語思維.近五年高考對名詞更數(shù)變形的考查情況詳見下表：|可數(shù)名詞的發(fā)數(shù)變形|5年7考|【備考指附】而故名詞的發(fā)數(shù)形式是向考的必考點?？忌诜紩r除了要掌握常見的可數(shù)名詞，數(shù)的修飾語及用名詞發(fā)數(shù)的

22、特殊精況外,還要注懣可數(shù)名詞發(fā)數(shù)形 式的一般變形和特殊變形.瑜保書寫準(zhǔn)確-狗WKD (2021 全國甲卷)Supposedly you can do i( in iwo hours, but we stopped a(different gates and_(watchtower) (o lake pictures or just to watch the local peoplegoing about their daily routines.分析句意：據(jù)說你可以在兩個小時內(nèi)完成，但我們在不同的門和腺里塔停下來拍照,或者只是看看當(dāng)?shù)厝说娜粘Ｉ?根據(jù)空前的difYcrcntga4和并列連詞a

23、nd可知.空處應(yīng)用名詞復(fù)數(shù).答案：watchtowers調(diào)研 2 ( 2021 全國乙卷(activity ) there range from whale watching tohiking (遠(yuǎn)足)and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment.分析句意：那里的活動包括從觀看鯨魚到遠(yuǎn)足，住宿力求對自然環(huán)境影響小.分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處是由and連接的兩個并列句，前,分句中空處作主語，由空后的謂語nuige可知，主語應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，注意首字母要大寫。答案:Activities調(diào)研 3 (2021 新高

24、考【卷)The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the lopwill remind you how tiny we(human) are.分析句意：一旦你到達(dá)山頂.你看到的滾動的云海會提醒你.我們?nèi)祟愂嵌嗝疵煨?空處作WC的同位語.同位語要與其前的名詞或代詞的單更數(shù)保持一致，根 據(jù)空前的we可知，空處應(yīng)用坂數(shù)形式。答案：humans可數(shù)名詞用0數(shù)的情況小結(jié) 1 .可數(shù)名詞前有 a few, few, several. many, countless all. a great/god many. hun goodmanncrs,mak

25、c contributions to,take (urns to do sth.jn high spirits,nukc friends with 等.創(chuàng)新預(yù)測 在空白處填入括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。( 2021 西安六模)We always kept bamboo chopsticks along with our(knile),forks and spoons, ready for whenever we happened(o have Chinese food for dinner.( 2021 福建泉州 5 月質(zhì)檢)The sweet smell of those lightly roas

26、ted leaves recalls those(memory )of high mountain fields in Hangzhou.(2021 ,南京 5 月三模)Several(branch) in the road mean ihal you have optionswhen deciding your route.As well as famous original works, some of the items on display will be newly created ones tbcusing on key events and modem(hero).However

27、, he had begun dreaming of a big house.a big piece of land and buying horses and(ox).考向3數(shù)詞的變形及相關(guān)表達(dá)【備考指南】數(shù)詞在高考中雖然不像其他詞類那么熱，但考生在備考時也不容忽視，應(yīng)熟練掌握.數(shù)詞的基本用法。謝研 1 ( 2021 ,重慶 5 月考前模擬)Chinese will become the(fivc)elcctivc test item for the United State Exam in addition to English. Ger man.French and Spanish. 分析句意：除英語、德語、法語和西班牙語外，漢語將成為美國考試的第五門選修測試工程C根據(jù)句意可知，空處表示笫五”，應(yīng)用印數(shù)詞。答案：河山 同類拓展基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞規(guī)律般由基數(shù)詞加th 構(gòu)成：sixth, seventh, lenth. eleventh, hundredth 等.以y結(jié)尾的系數(shù)詞，先把y變?yōu)閕e,再加(h ： twentieth. ihirtieih等。.不烷那么變形：firsl. seco