2022年北京卷英語真題解析

1、2022年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（北京卷）英語本試卷共11頁，共100分?？荚嚂r長90分鐘。考生務(wù)必在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答，在試卷上作答無效。考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一局部 知識運用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)（共10小題；每題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最正確選項，并在 答題卡上將該項涂黑。One Monday morning, while the children were enjoying ufrcc play，I stepped to the doorway of the classroom to take a

2、 break. Suddenly, I I a movement of the heavy wooden door. This was the very door Iguided the children through to ensure （heir safety from the bitter cold. I felt a chill （寒意）go through my body.My legs carried me to that door, and I pushed it open. 1（ was one of my kindergarteners who I thought wast

3、hat day. He had been dropped off at school late and was 4 to open the door.He must have been waiting there for quite a while! Without a word, I rushed him to the hospital. He was treated for frostbite on his hands. Hed need time to 5, and wouldnt come for class the next day, Ithought.The next mornin

4、g, one of （he first to 6 was my little frostbitten boy. Not only did he run in with energy, but his7 could be heard as loud as ever! I gave him a warm hug and told him how8 Iwas to see him. His words have stayed with me all these years, “I knew you would open the door.”That cold Monday morning, he w

5、aited a long, long while for adults to 9. To a child, every minutefeels like fbrever. He didnt attempt to walk back home; he waited and trusted. This five-year-old taught nie a powerful lesson in l 0.1.A. causedB. spottedC.checkedD. imagined2. A. hesitantlyB. randomlyC. dizzilyD. carefully3.A. angry

6、B. absentC. specialD. noisy4. A. courageousB. contentC. unableD. unwilling5. A. recoverB. playC. changeD. wait6. A. settleB. gatherC. arriveD. reactconsidering the way in which food is produced, processed, delivered and consumed, and looking at how those things intersect （交叉）with human health, the e

7、nvironment, economics and society. According to systems thinking, changing the food system-or any other networkrequires three things to happen. First, researchers need to identify all the players in that system; second, they must work out how they relate to each other; and third, they need to unders

8、tand and quantify the impact of those relationships on each other and on those outside the system.Take nutrition. In the latest UN report on global food security, （he number of undernourished （營養(yǎng)不 良 ）people in the world has been rising, despite great advances in nutrition science. Tracking of 150 bi

9、ochemicals in food has been important in revealing the relationships between calories, sugar, fat and the occurrence of common diseases. But using machine learning and artificial intelligence, some scientists propose （hat human diets consist of at least 26.000 biochemicalsand that the vast majority

10、are not known.This shows that we have some way to travel before achieving the first objective of systems t hinking - whiehjn this example, is to identify more constituent parts of the nutrition system.A systems approach to creating change is also built on the assumption that everyone in the system h

11、as equal power. But as some researchers find, the food system is not an equal one. A good way to redress （修正 ）such power imbalance is for more universities to do what Crystal did and teach students how to think using a systems approach.More researchers, policy makers and representatives from the foo

12、d industry must leam to look beyond their direct lines of responsibility and adopt a systems approach. Crystal knew that visions alone dont produce results, but concluded that well never produce results that wc cant envision”.The author uses the question underlined in Paragraph 1 to.A. illustrate an

13、 argumentB. highlight an opinionC. introduce the topicD. predict the endingWhat can be inferred about the field of nutrition?The first objective of systems thinking hasnt been achieved.The relationships among players have been clarified.Machine learning can solve the nutrition problem.The impact of

14、nutrition cannot be quantified.As for systems thinking, which would the author agree with?Il may be used to justify power imbalance.It can be applied to tackle challenges.It helps to prove why hunger exists.It goes beyond human imagination.【答案】28. C 29. A 30. B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹解決全球挑戰(zhàn)的重要方法一系統(tǒng)思維。

15、【28題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第-段”What would the world be if there were no hunger?M Its a question that Professor Crystal would ask her students. They found it hard to answer, she wrote later, because imagining something that isnt part of real life-and learning how io make it realis a rare skill. It is taught to

16、artists and engineers, but much less often to scientists. Crystal set out to change that, and helped to create a global movement. The resultan approach known as systems thinkingis now seen as essential in meeting global challenges.（如果沒有饑餓， 世界會是什么樣子？ ”這是Crystal教授會問學(xué)生的問題。她后來寫道，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)很難回答這個問題，因 為想象一些不屬于現(xiàn)

17、實生活的東西，并學(xué)習(xí)如何將其變成現(xiàn)實是一項罕見的技能。它被教授給藝術(shù)家和工 程師，但很少教授給科學(xué)家。Crystal著手改變這種狀況，并幫助創(chuàng)立了一個全球運動。結(jié)果，一種被稱為 系統(tǒng)思維的方法現(xiàn)在被視為應(yīng)對.全球挑戰(zhàn)的關(guān)鍵。）”可知，文章開頭提出問題是為了引出話題-系統(tǒng)思維 的方法被視為應(yīng)對全球挑戰(zhàn)的關(guān)鍵。應(yīng)選C項。【29題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段“This shows that we have some way to travel before achieving the first objective of systems I hinking - which,in this exam

18、ple, is （o identify more constituent parts of （he nutrition syslem.（這說明，在 實現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)思考的第一個目標(biāo)之前，我們還有段路要走在本例中，這是為了確定營養(yǎng)系統(tǒng)的更多組成 局部。）”可知，實現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)思維的第一個目標(biāo)還有一段路需要走，現(xiàn)尚未實現(xiàn)。應(yīng)選A項?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第一段 “Crystal set out to change that, and helped to create a global movement. The resultan approach known as systems thinking-i

19、s now seen as essential in meeting global challcnges.（Crystal 著 手改變這種狀況，并幫助創(chuàng)立了一個全球運動。結(jié)果，一種被稱為系統(tǒng)思維的方法現(xiàn)在被視為應(yīng)對全球挑 戰(zhàn)的關(guān)鍵。）”可知，作者認(rèn)為該系統(tǒng)能應(yīng)用于解決挑戰(zhàn)。應(yīng)選B項。DQuantum （ 最子 ）computers have been on my mind a lot lately. A friend has been sending me articles on how quantum computers might help solve some of the bigges

20、t challenges we face as humans. Tve also had exchanges with two quantum-computing experts. One is computer scientist Chris Johnson who I see as someone who helps keep the field honest. The other is physicist Philip Taylor.For decades, quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosit

21、y. Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction.M This is the sort of hype （炒作 ）that annoys Johnson. He worries th

22、at researchers arc making promises they cant keep. Whats new, Johnson wrote, 44is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing rcscarchcrs.As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of

23、 all, themselves about their works potential, if researchers cant keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hy

24、pe, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “quantum stands for something cool you shouldift be able to understand.” And that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Qfor Quantum.After I read the book, Taylor patiently answered my questions about it. He also answered my questions abou

25、t PyQuantum, the firm he co-fbundcd in 2016. Taylor shares Johnsons concerns about hype, but he says those concerns do not apply to PyQuantuin.The company, he says, is closer than any other firm by a very large margin （ 幅度） to building a “useful” quantum computer, one that 4tsolves an impactful prob

26、lem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.” He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others/*Could PyQuantuin really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin, as Taylor claims? I dont kn

27、ow. Im certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers. But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.Regarding Johnsons concerns, the author feels.A. sympatheticB. unconcernedC. doubtfulD. excitedWhat leads to Taylors optimism about quantum computing?A. His domin

28、ance in physics.B. The competition in the field.C. His confidence in PyQuantum.D. The investment of tech companies.What docs the underlined word prone” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?A. Open.B. Cool.C. Useful.D. Resistant.Which would be （he best title for the passage?Is Johnson More Competent Tha

29、n Taylor?Is Quantum Computing Redefining Technology?Will Quantum Computers Ever Come into Being?Will Quantum Computing Ever Live Up to Its Hype?【答案】31 A 32. C 33. A 34. D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。主要論述了 “量子計算真的會像它的宣傳那樣成功嗎？ ”，計算機科學(xué)家克 里斯-約翰遜和物理學(xué)家菲利普泰勒分別說明了自己的觀點。31題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三自然段“As quantum computing attracts

30、more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their works potential. If researchers cant keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. （|隨著 量子計算吸引了更多的關(guān)注和資金，研究人員可能會誤導(dǎo)投資者、記者

31、、公眾，最糟糕的是，他們自己的 工作潛力。約翰遜警告說，如果研究人員不能兌現(xiàn)承諾，興奮可能會讓位于懷疑、失望和憤怒）”根據(jù)最 后一段“ But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.w （但我相信泰勒，就像我相信約翰遜一樣）可知，關(guān)于 約翰遜的擔(dān)憂,作者是支持的。A. sympathetic同情的,贊同的;B. unconcerned不關(guān)心的；C. doubtful懷 疑的：D. excited激動的。應(yīng)選A。【32題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段The company, he says, is closer than any other firm

32、“by a very large margin （幅 度）“ to building a “uscfiil“ quantum computer, one that solves an impactful problem that wc would not have been able to solve otherwise. He adds, People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what vve are doing with othe

33、s. （他說，這家公司比其他任何公司都“在很大程度 上”接近于制造出“有用的”量子計算機，它“解決了一個有影響力的問題，否那么我們無法解決這個問 題”。他補充說：“人們自然會不相信我的觀點，但我已經(jīng)花了很多時間來定量地比擬我們與他人的做 法）”可知，泰勒對量子計算的樂觀來源于他對PyQuantum的信心。應(yīng)選【33題詳解】詞義猜想題。根據(jù)第三自然段But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “quantum stands fo

34、r something cool you shouldnt be able to understand.”（但約翰遜說明，量子計算的某些方面使得它特別prone被炒作，可能是因為“量子”代表了一些你不應(yīng) 該理解的酷東西?！埃笨芍揪渲泻幸粋€原因狀語從句，因為“量子”代表了一些你不應(yīng)該理解 的酷東西”，所以它特別容易被炒作。故prone意為“易于的。A. Open.開放的；易受損害的；B.Cool.酷的;C. Useful.有用的;D. Resistant.有抵抗力的。應(yīng)選A?！?4題詳解】主旨大意題o 根據(jù)第二自然段 “Now, big tech companies have inves

35、ted in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines couki help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate change in （he opposite direction. This is the sort of hype （炒作）that annoys Johnson.”（ 現(xiàn)在，大 型科技公司和許多小型公司都在量子計算領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行了投資。據(jù)商業(yè)周刊報道，量了機器可以幫助我們“

36、治愈癌癥，甚至采取措施將氣候變化轉(zhuǎn)向相反的方向。這種炒作讓約翰遜感到惱火。“）”以及最后 段 “Could PyQuantuni really be leading all the competition by a wide margin, as Taylor claims? I dont know. Im certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers. （PyQuantuni 真的能像 泰勒所說的那樣“以巨大的優(yōu)勢”領(lǐng)先所有競爭對手嗎？我不知道.我當(dāng)然不會建議我的朋友

37、或其他人投 資量子計算機。但我信任泰勒，就像我信任約翰遜一樣。）”可知，木文主要論述了 “量子計算真的會像 它的宣傳那樣成功嗎？ ”，計算機科學(xué)家克里斯約翰遜和物理學(xué)家菲利普泰勒分別說明了自己的觀 點。所以短文的最正確標(biāo)題為“量子計算真的會像它的宣傳那樣成功嗎？ 。應(yīng)選D。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最正確選項，并在答題卡上將該項 涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to various pre

38、ssures, we tend to ignore our health. 35 It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these diseases.36 We need to be fit to have a healthy body. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body. Health is the state of our body at a

39、given time. Wc may not have any disease but still have a weak body, which is ready to be targeted by viruses. 37 This does not definitely mean that we are not healthy. It means the fitness level is not in accordance with our age and the climatic conditions we live in.It is important for everyone （o

40、devote some time to health and fitness. 38 For instance, we must exercise daily regardless of our age and working style. There are different levels of exercises for different age groups and we must do them according to our own health and age.Additionally, it is important to relax our body. Wc should

41、 have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day. It helps in improving our immune （免疫）system and protects us against diseases. 39 This, in turn, gives us new goals of health and fitness.Filness levels decide the quality of life.Health and fitness are interrelated to each other.It also helps in

42、keeping us calm and relaxes our mind.For instance, we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily.If we keep our body fit, we can enjoy life in a better manner.There are some activities which everyone should do in our life.This makes our body suffer and we will catch other diseases.【答案】35. G 36. B 37

43、. D 38. F 39. C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講的是健康和健身之間密不可分的關(guān)系以及我們應(yīng)該通過哪些健身的 方式來讓自己有一個健康的身體。35題詳解】根據(jù)空前 “Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to various pressures, we tend to ignore our health健康和健身幫助一個人過上良好和健康的生活。由于各種各樣的壓力，我們往往會忽視 自己的健康。）”可知因為各種壓力,我們的健康容易被忽視,根據(jù)空后uIt is the fi

44、tness level of our body that helps us fight these diseases.（正是我們身體的健康水平幫助我們對抗這些疾病。）”可知身體的健康以 讓我們應(yīng)對各種疾病，空處承上啟下，所以空處應(yīng)該講忽視健康對我們的身體及生活的影響。G項“This makes our body suffer and wc will catch other diseases.（這使我們的身體遭受痛苦，而且我們會感染其他疾 病。）”承接上文，引出下文,而且G項中的other diseases與空后的these diseases相互照應(yīng),符合上下文 語境。應(yīng)選G項。【36題詳解】根

45、據(jù)空后 “We need （o be fit to have a healthy body. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body.（為了擁有一個健康的身體我們需要健康。同樣，如果我們是健康 的，我們自然會被保持健康的身體所吸引。）”可知健康的身體與健身是密不可分的，空處位于句首，應(yīng)是 本段的主旨句，B項“Health and fitness arc interrelated to each othcr.（健康和健身是相互關(guān)

46、聯(lián)的。）”概括全 段的主要內(nèi)容，符合上下文語境。應(yīng)選B項?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)空前 44 Health is （he stale of our body at a given time. We may not have any disease but still have a weak body, which is ready to be targeted by viruses健康是在特定時間內(nèi)我們身體的狀態(tài)。我們可能沒有任何疾病，但 身體仍然虛弱，隨時會被病毒攻擊。）”可知我們的身體雖然沒有生病，但也很虛弱，隨時會生病，根據(jù)空 后“This does not definitely mean t

47、hat we are not healthy.（這并不一定意味著我們不健康。）“可知生病并不一 定說明我們是不健康的?？仗幊猩蠁⑾拢钥仗帒?yīng)該舉例說明我們的身體在虛弱的情況下會生病這樣一 種狀況，D 項 “ For instance, we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily.（例如，我們可能很容易感冒。）” 舉例說明我們的身體會在虛弱的情況下生病，承接上文，引出下文，而且空后的This指代D項的we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily這種情況，符合上下文語境。應(yīng)選D項。38題詳解】根據(jù)空前I

48、l is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness.（對每個人來說，花些時間在健 康和健身方面是很重要的。）”可知我們應(yīng)該花時間去健身，根據(jù)空后For instance, we must exercise daily regardless。 our age and working style.（例如，我們必須每天鍛煉，不管我們的年齡和工作方式。）”可知我 們應(yīng)該每天堅持鍛煉，空處承上啟下，所以空處應(yīng)該講的是我們應(yīng)該通過哪些活動來進(jìn)行鍛煉，F(xiàn)項uThere are some activities which

49、everjone should do in our life.（在我們的生活中有一些活動是每個人都應(yīng)該 做的。）”承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文語境。應(yīng)選F項?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)空前“We should have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day. It helps in improving our immune （免疫） system and protects us against diseases/我們每天至少應(yīng)該有6到8個小時的睡眠。它有助于改善我們的免疫 系統(tǒng)，保護(hù)我們抵抗疾病。）”可知我們應(yīng)該保障充足的睡眠,根據(jù)空后This

50、, in turn, gives us new goals of health and fitness.（這反過來又給了我們健康和健身的新目標(biāo)。）”可知充足的睡眠會對我們的健康和健身目 標(biāo)很有好處,空處承上啟下，所以空處應(yīng)該繼續(xù)講充足的睡眠的好處,C項“It also helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind.（它也幫助我們保持冷靜和放松我們的大腦。）”進(jìn)一步講了充足的睡眠對于我們 的好處，承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文語境。應(yīng)選C項。第三局部 書面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，32分）第一節(jié)（共4小題；第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12

51、分）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答以下問題。Tom, a 15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur （創(chuàng)業(yè)者）,witnessed at his own school the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids. He knew there had to be a better portable drink solution and decided to innovate from something he saw in his own home: fruit infused （浸力包）wate

52、r.Tom watched his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-along option. From observing his mum and from his desire to give kids better drink options, he came up with his original model for the Fun Bottle. UI wanted to come up with a healthy, natural way fbr people to drink when

53、 on the go. A big part of my mission is to get people of all ages off sugary drinks J Toni explains.The bottle is made with a strainer （濾網(wǎng)）that allows the great tastes and natural sugars of the various fruits and vegetables you choose to come through （he waler, without any of the seeds or skins flow

54、ing through.Tbm is proud of his design and excited to be selling the Fun Bottle on his website and in stores, but this 15- year-okl is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others. It helps to provide healthy alternatives to sugary drinks; and also Tom donates part of the profi

55、ts to the Organisation for a Healthier Generation(OHG).Tom has been awarded several prizes, but (his teenage innovator remains humble. When asked what advice hed give other entrepreneurial youth, he says, “Prepare and have your familys support. It is important to know from the beginning that there a

56、re a lot of highs and lows, and there is no such thing as ovemight success. 40. What did Tom witness at his own school?Where did Tom get the idea for the original model for the Fun Bottle?Please decide which part is false in the following statement then underline it and explain why.Tom is most proud

57、 of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the OHG.Among Toms qualities, which one(s) do you think will be important for us? Why?(In about 40 words) 【答案】40. Tom witnessed the widespre

58、ad consumption of sugary drinks by kids at his own school.Tom got the idea from observing his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-along option. 42. Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy alternatives to

59、 sugary drinks but also donates all the profiis to the OHG.Tom donates pail of the profits to the OHG.43.1 think the quality of perspicacity will be important, because this insight can help us constantly find our own shortcomings in our lives, which in (urn can help us improve ourselves.(31)【解析】【導(dǎo)語】

60、這是一篇記敘文。文章講述15歲的湯姆看到自己學(xué)校的學(xué)生喝含糖的飲料，隨后創(chuàng)造了一種適 合所有年齡的人們可以喝的無糖的健康飲料【40題詳解】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段第一句Tom, a 15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur (創(chuàng)業(yè)者)，witnessed at his own school the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids.(湯姆，一個 15 歲的創(chuàng)造家和企業(yè)家，在 他自己的學(xué)校目睹了孩子們大量消費含糖飲料)可知，作為15歲的創(chuàng)造家和創(chuàng)業(yè)者，湯姆在學(xué)校目睹了 孩子們廣泛消費含糖飲料。故答案為