最終版介詞用法大全課件

1、Grammar 介詞和介詞短語0.01Grammar 介詞和介詞短語0.01介詞是高考中的一個重要考點，在連續(xù)六年的廣東高考中都有專門考查介詞的，占語法填空的五分之一。主要考點有：考點解密0.0介詞是高考中的一個重要考點，在連續(xù)六年的廣東高考中都有專門考the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to who should have the honour of receiving me _a guest in their house. (2007NMET)思路分析：句意是“把我作為客人接待”，表示“當作，作為”用介詞as。a

2、s0.0the villagers who had gathereI wanted to reward the old woman _the trouble I had caused her. (2007NMET)思路分析：句意是“我想酬謝我給她造成了麻煩的那個年邁的婦女。” 表示“因而酬謝/報答某人”，是reward sb. for sth,即用for引出原因,故填for。類似的還有thank you sb. for sth; praise sb. for sth.; punish sb. for sth.for0.0I wanted to reward the old womHe was

3、very tired _ doing this for a whole day. (2008NMET廣東)思路分析：累了必定是在干了一整天活之后，故填after；另外，表示“因而累”，be tired from也是固定短語，故也可填from。Be tired of 對厭倦I am tired of living abroad. 我對生活在國外感到厭倦了。after/from0.0He was very tired _ doinChinese proverbs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese peoples daily lif

4、e. _ these proverbs there are often interesting stories. (2008NMET廣東)思路分析：因these proverbs是名詞，且不是作主語、賓語、表語等，前面很可能是填介詞；句意是“在中國的這些成語故事的背后常常有有趣的故事”，表示“在背后”，用介詞behind。Behind/In0.0Chinese proverbs are rich and Jane stopped where a small crowd of men had gathered. She found some good quality pipes _ sale.

5、(2009)因表示“出售”的on sale是固定搭配。 onWhen Jane got home, with her small but well-chosen present in her bag, her parents were already _ table having supper. Her mother was excited. “Your father has at last decided to stop smoking,” Jane _(inform). (2009NMET廣東)at was informed0.0Jane stopped where a small cro

6、His teacher took a deep drink,smiled_(warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.The young man went home_a happy heart.(2010廣東) We understand this lesson best _ we receive gifts of love from children. Whether it is a cheap pipe on a diamond necklace, the proper response is apprecia

7、tion. We love the idea within the gift rather than the thing. warmlywithwhen0.0His teacher took a deep drink, I didnt want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didnt like leaving him_ 23_his own either.(2011廣東）.the new boy looked at the teacher _ 23_ a few seconds .（2012廣東）onfor0.0 I didnt want

8、 to be laughed a1. 什么情況下可能是填介詞？我們首先必須知道兩點：(1)介詞必須要接賓語，其賓語可以是名詞、代詞、動名詞，或者what從句；(2)名詞、代詞或動名詞在句中通常作主語、動詞的賓語、介詞的賓語。因此，我們在解答語法填空時，若空格后是名詞、代詞或動名詞時，且他們不是在句中作主語，也不是在動詞后作賓語時，這個格空就很可能是填介詞。解題技巧0.01. 什么情況下可能是填介詞？解題技巧0.02. 應該填哪個介詞？在判斷可能填介詞之后，要根據(jù)具體的語境來確定填哪個介詞，特別是根據(jù)空格所在句子的意思來選擇一個恰當?shù)慕樵~。0.02. 應該填哪個介詞？0.0第一類：和時間有關的介

9、詞 0.012第一類：和時間有關的介詞0.0121. in at on1) _ the day 2) _ the evening 3) _ daybreak 4) _ midnight5)_ six oclock 6) _ dusk7) _ a cold day 8) _ a summer evening9) _ Sunday 10) _ December 12th 2009早、晚 都要用inat 黎明、午、夜、點與分on在特定的某一天或某天的上午,下午,晚上等ininatatatatonononon0.0131. in at onininatatatatono 注：1)_ weekends

10、2)_ Christmas/ Easter3)_ May 4) _ a week 5)_ the fall6) He will come back _ ten days7) _ arriving, we started to work.8）He jumped with joy_ hearing the news. 在周末和泛指圣誕節(jié)、復活節(jié)、感恩節(jié)等前用at說到星期，月份，季節(jié)，世紀等較長的時間時，要用in在將來時中，in加一段時間表示多久以后 on+ doing “一就.”= on +該動詞的名詞形式 atatininininonOn0.014 注：atatininininonOn0.014

11、2. before / after ; ago / later 1) _ supper 2) _1970 3) _ coming to college4) A week _ 5) a minute _6) Ten days _ before, after表時間點；ago, later表時間段注：1) He had studied French for four years _ he came here.2) He fell ill three days _ before可接完成時，ago過去時有限before/afterbefore/afterbefore/afterago/laterago/

12、laterago/laterbeforeago0.0152. before / after ; ago /3. to till/ untilThey worked from five _ ten Lets start now and work _ darkHe usually pays me on Friday but last week he didnt pay me _ the fol-lowing MondayWell stay here _ it stops raining from.to till / until not.untiltotill/untiltill/untiltill

13、/until0.0163. to till/ untiltotill/un4. from, since , forShe is singing_ morning to night. He has been here_ Monday He left school in 1983I havent seen him _ thenI havent seen Tom _ two years.He travelled in the desert _ six monthsfrom和to不可分； since只用完成時, 從句常是一般過去時for常接一段時間fromsince since forfor0.017

14、4. from, since , forfromsinc5. by +時間 “在這一時刻或者是在這一時刻之前”，且常?？梢院屯瓿蓵r連用火車6點10分發(fā)車，所以你最好在6點之前到達火車站。The train starts at 610，so you had better be at the station by 600.到7月底我將已把那些書全讀完了。By the end of July Ill have read all those books0.0185. by +時間 “在這一時刻或者是在這一時刻之前”，且6. during in within1) I learned a lot _ th

15、e holiday/my stay there.2) She was born _ 1997.3) Mr Black visited our school _ 2009, not 20084) They worked hard. They finished the work _ 2 days at last. During和in兩者在一般情況下可以相互替換，但是強調動作的延續(xù)性時候常用during，而強調動作發(fā)生在段時間中的某一點時候常用in，同時，當表示對比的時候，常用in。within強調的是不超過.， 在之內During ininwithin0.0196. during in withi

16、nDuri7. over+時間 強調“過完”，有時表示“一邊一邊”他的孫兒孫女們將在這過完周末。 His grandchildren will stay over the weekends.他們一邊喝咖啡一邊聊天。 They chatted over a cup of coffee. 8. throughout強調 “從頭至尾”， “至始至終”整個會議過程中他一句話都沒有說。He kept silent throughout the meeting.0.0207. over+時間 強調“過完”，有時表示“一0.029. towards +時間 表示 “接近，快到”快到半夜了他們才離開。They

17、 left towards midnight.注：1) Our teacher is very patient towards us.2) The little boy ran towards his mother. towards 還可表示對待(某人)和(朝)方向 相當于to0.0219. towards +時間 表示 “接近，快到”0.022. in + 時間段 在之后（內），多用于將來時 after +時間段 在之后， 多用于過去時 1. Mr Brown has gone to Canada.He will be back _ two weeks. A. for B. after C.

18、 in 2. Our manager came back _ an hour. A. in B. after C. at 3. They have been here _ an hour. A. for B. after C. in0.02. in + 時間段 在之后（內），多用于將來時0.第二類 表示方位的介詞0.023第二類 表示方位的介詞0.023in at 1)He lives _ a great city while his parents live _ a village.2)There is a shop _the corner of the street.3) He hid t

19、he book _ the corner of the desk.4). He was swimming _ the lake.5). They were walking _ the lake. 小地方at, 大地方in; at表附近，in表里注意：at seainininatatat0.024in at inininatatat0.024in intoI poured the beer _ the cup.He put his hands _ his pockets.Someone must have broken _. into常常表示進入.；而in一般無此用3. in to onTaiw

20、an lies _ the east of China Taiwan is _ the southeast of Fujian .China faces the Pacific _ the east. in內 to外，on表接壤intointoinintoon0.025in intointointoinintoon0.02on above over; below underThere is a lake_ the village, further down the valley. Theres a bridge _ the river.Theres a bag _ the desk. abov

21、e, below斜上/下方，over, under垂直上/下方， on是一般要接觸They are children above six years old. In the company, Dick ranks above Tom He considered himself above doing such things. above還可表年齡、職位和不屑The car is under repair.under還可以表示正在之中under discussion/ constructionbelowoveron0.026on above over; below beneath太陽此刻落到地平

22、線下了。 The sun is now beneath the horizon beneath 可以代替underHe is beneath his brother intellectually. He considered that job beneath him beneath也可表抽象和比喻 “低于” “不適合”0.0270.0276. through, across, over, by1) He went _ the forest by himself.2) He walked _ me without speaking.3) You must be careful when you

23、walk _ the road.4) He jumped _ the wall across (從物體表面)跨越, 越過 through (從物體中間)穿透, 穿越 over (從物體上面）躍過by 在.旁邊through byacrossover0.028through byacrossover0.028 across (從物體表面)跨越, 越過 through (從物體中間)穿透, 穿越 over (從物體上面）躍過0.0 across (從物體表面)跨越, 越過 0.07. to at He shouted _ me with anger.He shouted _ me so that

24、I could hear him. at 側重是攻擊，to一般是善意 come to/at talk to/ at present (a knife) to/atatto0.0307. to at atto0.0308. between, among1). The girl sits _ Jane and Mary.2). The teacher is standing _ the students. between 是兩，among 是大于等于三注：1) She takes some medicine _ three meals.三者以上事物, 把這些事物分別看待，強調兩兩之間的時候仍用be

25、tween2) I am _ the top students. among還可表示包括在其中=be included inbetweenamong0.0318. between, amongbetweenamong9. beyond 在的那一邊山那邊是一片濃密的森林。 Beyond the mountains is a thick forest. 注：1) Its benefits go beyond this. 2) Dont stay there beyond the visiting hours.3) The road continues beyond the village upin

26、to the hill.beyond還可以表示超出.范圍beyond the ordinary/ the age of 20/ones reach/ ones description/ ones grasp0.0329. beyond 在的那一邊0.032against 表示靠著，依著他的辦公桌靠墻放著。 His desk lies against the wall. 注：1) We bought some warm clothes against the coming winter 2) The little red house looks so beautiful against the

27、green woods. 3) She has said nothing against you. 4) It is against the school rules to speak in class.against還可以表示預防，以為背景，不利于， 違反等意思0.033against 表示靠著，依著0.033along 沿著，順著沿著長平路一直往前走, 穿過兩個十字路口后你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)沃爾瑪超市在你的左手邊.Walk along Changping Road and go across two crossings. And then you will find the Wal-Mart Mar

28、ket is on your left.注：1). Come along with us.2). Get along well with others. along還可以表示 “和.一起”0.034along 沿著，順著0.03412. off (從上)移開、落下、離開 see / take / set / fall. off 在(離岸邊不遠的)海面; 與相距 islands off the coast The ship sank off the harbor. 注：1) My hometown is more than 1,000 off. 2) The day for CEE is abo

29、ut 200 days off. 空間或時間上的相距 3) I will be off tomorrow. 離開或休假 4) The electricity is off. 斷電 5) He offered to take 10% off the price. 低于.; 折價0.03512. off (從上)移開、落下、離開0.035第三類 和原因有關的介詞1. for表示原因經常用在一些固定搭配中：thank /forgive/reward/admirefor2. with 后面接詞或短語他們欣喜若狂。 They were wild with joy. tremble with fear/l

30、aughter/ cold be tired with/ hands are rough with work3. at 常放在表示情緒變化的此后be shocked at/ puzzled at/ amused at/ delighted at/ angry at sth0.036第三類 和原因有關的介詞0.036 in 用材料、語言、聲音、現(xiàn)金等with 用具體的工具、身體器官等（有形的）by 用方式、方法、手段（無形的）;交通通訊工具1. My mother often go to work _ bike.2. If you are able to get the tickets tomo

31、rrow, please tell me _ phone.3.The teacher is writing on the paper _ red ink and the blackboard _ a piece of chalk.4.Can you say it _ English?5. Please pay _ cash.6. My American friend is learning to eat _ chopsticks. 7. One smells _his nose.第四類 表示方式、手段的介詞bybyinwithininwithwith0.037 in 用材料、語言、聲音、現(xiàn)金等

32、第四類 表示方式注: by+交通工具的名詞=in /on+冠詞+交通工具 by bike= on a bike by bus= on a bus by car= in a car 但是on foot 例外 0.00.0第五類 表示除外的介詞1. but 表示排除, 多與nobody, none, no one, nothing, anything, everyone, all, who 等連用。當but前有do的任何形式，后接動詞原形。2. besides 表示包含, 除 . 之外還有.3. except 表示排除, 除 .之外。指的是同一類中除去其他個體。4. except for 表示除去

33、整體中的部分,指的是同一物中除去例外的一部分 “只是, 只不過”5. apart from =except / besides 0.039第五類 表示除外的介詞0.0391. There is no one here _ me.2. Last night I did nothing _ watch TV.3. We go there every day _Sunday.4. The composition is quite good _ the spelling.5. _ basketball, I like playing Pingpang.6. You have no choice _ t

34、o wait.7. Li Long is a good student _ his laziness. butbutexceptexcept forBesidesbutexcept for0.01. There is no one here _第六類 表示所屬關系的介詞 to, of, for1) Have you got the key _ the lock?2) Do you know the answer _ the question?3) He broke one leg _ the table.4) Are you used to the customs _ the country?

35、5) There is not enough food _ supper.6) I have two tickets _ the film. to key、answer、reply、invitation、Monument、note、exit、entrances 、bridge、road、way、solution、visit of 表“所有”關系。(即: 介詞of前的事物是后面事物不可分割的部分) for 表 “適合”關系.(即:介詞for前的事物只適合后面這一特定事物)totoofofforfor0.0第六類 表示所屬關系的介詞 to, of, fort第七類 表示關于的on和about1)

36、The teacher told us a story _ Lei Feng. 2) Were going to listen to a lecture _ African history this afternoon. on與about 一般情況下，二者可以互相替換。about 常用于簡單的或淺顯的論述等，是一般用語，多用于講故事，談話；思考等 on 多用于系統(tǒng)論述或專題講演、論著等，具有學術性abouton0.042第七類 表示關于的on和aboutabouton0.04第八類 表示增加或減少 1) Compared with last year, the price has risen

37、_ 30%.2) The population has increased from 1.2milion _ 1.8 million. by表示在原有的基礎上增加或減少了 to表示總數(shù)增加或減少到.byto0.043第八類 表示增加或減少 byto0.043第九類 表示價格,比率,標準,速度的介詞 at 表示價值，價格, 比率或速度, 表單價. for 表示交換, 指總價錢 by 表示度量單位或標準. 后接表計量單位的名詞一般是單數(shù),前面需加定冠詞the. 數(shù)詞或復數(shù)名詞前不加.1. We are flying _ a speed of 400kms/hr.2. I bought these

38、books _ 5 dollars each.3. I bought these books _ 30 dollars.4. He is paid _ the week.atatforby0.044第九類 表示價格,比率,標準,速度的介詞atatfor第十類 as , likeHe has been playing tennis as a professional for two years.He plays tennis like a professional.The wine improves with age.Do as I do.as: 介詞-作為，如同 連詞-隨著; 按照 with-

39、介詞隨著”like: 介詞-像，跟.一樣 unlike; “比如” 動詞-喜歡 dislike1. 隨著時間的流逝，她原諒了他。As time went by, she forgave him.With time going by, she forgave him.2. _ a student, you should study hard.3. _ many students, he studies hard.AsLike0.0第十類 as , likeAsLike0.01. The old man cannot walk _ a stick.2. We got there _ any tro

40、uble. 3. It wasnt very polite of you to serve yourself _ asking. 4. We were _ electricity for three hours but its on again now. withoutwithoutwithoutwithout0.01. The old man cannot walk _ 1. without +賓語+形容詞 All the things in his house were stolen without the door open. 他屋里的所有東西都被偷了，而門沒有打開。 2. withou

41、t+賓語+副詞Id be lost without you here. 沒有你在這兒，我會一籌莫展。3. without+賓語+介詞短語I dont like sweet coffee; I like it better without sugar in it. 我不喜歡加糖的咖啡，里邊不加糖我更喜歡。4. without+賓語+動名詞 He left without saying goodbye. 沒說再見，他就走了。5. without+賓語+不定式It was boring to sit there without anything to do. 無所事事地坐在那里太無聊了。6. wit

42、hout+賓語+過去分詞Without any problem solved , they left. 沒有解決任何問題，他們就走了。第十一類 用于復合結構的without0.0 1. without +賓語+形容詞第十一類 1. With +n./pron. + adj. He went to bed with the door open.2. With +n/pron.+adv. She left the classroom with all the lights on. 3. With + n/pron. + prep. Phrase Mother came home with a ba

43、sket in her hand. 4. With +n/pron. +doing Jack lay on the grass with his eyes looking at the sky.5. With +n/pron.+ to do With her husband to help her, she will work it out.6. With +n./pron. +p.p. The murderer was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.0.01. With +n./pron. + adj.0.0例1：_ fire,

44、 all exits must be kept clear. A. In place of B. Instead of C. In case of D. In spite of例2：I have offered to paint the house _ a weeks accommodationIn exchange for B. with regard to C. by means of D. in place of例3: _ your advice, I would have been caught in the traffic and I wouldnt have been there

45、on time. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for A C B 介詞短語的辨析考查0.0例1：_ fire, all exits must b 介詞與名詞、動詞、形容詞等的搭配例1：How different my hometown is _ what it was ten years ago!from B. at C. with D. by例2：scientists are convinced _ the positive effect of laughter _ physical and mental health. A. of;

46、 at B. by; in C. of; on D. on; at A C 0.0 介詞與名詞、動詞、形容詞等的搭配 A C 0.0 “介詞+關系代詞”在定語從句中的運用例: The author _ Beijing University _ all of us are familiar will pay a visit to our company.from; whom B. in; to whom C. from; with whom D. in; who C 解題指導：對于介詞與其他詞的搭配，除了掌握一些常見的搭配外，要善于從句中找出搭配形式，特別是分割開了的搭配形式；要注意還原短語，選

47、出需用的介詞。0.0 “介詞+關系代詞”在定語從句中的運用 C 解題指 分詞形式的介詞considering（就而論） given（如果有,考慮到） including（包括） concerning（關于）例1: _ his old age, he is healthy enough.A. Considered B. To consider C. Considering D. consider例2: _ his support, I think we will win the election.A. If B. Given C. Giving D. Have C B 0.0 分詞形式的介詞 C

48、 B in addition to= besides 除以外，還有in case of 萬一發(fā)生in common with 與有共同之處，與相同in face of 面對 in time of 在時候in danger of 處于的危險中in defence of 為了保護牢記下列常見的復合介詞0.0in addition to= besides 除以外，in need/want of 需要 in short of 缺in favour of 有利于in exchange for 以交換in memory of 為了紀念in honour of 為了尊敬in praise of 為了贊美 i

49、n charge of 負責in the charge of 由負責0.0in need/want of 需要 in possession of 擁有in the possession of 由擁有in search of 為了尋找in touch with 和保持聯(lián)系in preparation for 為作準備in place of 代替，而不是in hopes for/in the hope of 希望in the course of 在的過程中in the habit of 在的習慣中0.0in possession of 擁有0.0in front of 在的前面in the fro

50、nt of 在的前部in the form of 以的形式in the name of 以名義in relation to 與相關；in reply to 作為對的回答in answer to 作為對的回應in regard to 關于/至于in return for 作為對的回報0.0in front of 在的前面0.0in spite of 盡管in support of 支持in terms of 就而言in harmony with 與和諧in line with 與一致/符合in payment for 為了償還according to 依據(jù)，根據(jù)owing to 因為becaus

51、e of 因為on account of 因為0.0in spite of 盡管0.0by means of 憑借thanks to 多虧了as for/to 至于due to 由于apart from 除以外 except for 除了(整體的某個不足的部分)0.0by means of 憑借0.0regardless of 不管contrary to 與相反 on behalf of 代表but for 要不是out of date 過期的out of place 不合適的；不相稱的out of order 出故障的0.0regardless of 不管0.0與動詞搭配：devoteto

52、為作貢獻dance to music 伴著音樂跳舞adaptto 適應adjustto 調節(jié)以適應attachto 把粘貼到上oweto 把歸功于注意下列帶介詞的詞組 0.0與動詞搭配：注意下列帶介詞的詞組 0.0 （2）on的搭配難點詞組： depend/rely on 依賴于 be hard on sb. 對某人苛刻 be on a research team 研究隊中的一員 take on 雇傭；呈現(xiàn)注意下列帶介詞的詞組 0.0 （2）on的搭配難點詞組：注意下列帶介詞的詞組 （3）over 可以表示“在某事/活動進行的過程中”，如： over a cup of coffee在喝咖啡的時

53、候； over lunch 在吃中餐的時候注意下列帶介詞的詞組 0.0 （3）over 可以表示“在某事/活動進行的過 （4）考生要熟悉多個“形容詞+介詞”的詞組以及“be done+介詞(done已經形容詞化，表示狀態(tài))”；如： be conscious of 意識到 be aware of 意識到；明白 be worthy of 值得；配得上 be absent from 缺席 be present at 出席注意下列帶介詞的詞組 0.0 （4）考生要熟悉多個“形容詞+介詞”的詞組以及“be busy with sth. 忙于be busy in doing sth. 忙于做be anxi

54、ous about為擔心be ashamed of 因而慚愧be suspicious of 懷疑be different from 與不同be similar to 與相似注意下列帶介詞的詞組 0.0be busy with sth. 忙于注意下列帶介詞的be familiar with sth. 熟悉某物be fond of 喜愛be strict with sb. 對某人嚴格be strict in sth. 在某方面嚴格be popular with 受到的歡迎be tired of 厭倦be lost in 迷失在專心于be related to 與有關注意下列帶介詞的詞組 0.0b

55、e familiar with sth. 熟悉某物注意下列0.0660.066以下為一些介詞的特殊用法：介詞in1. 在陽光、燈光、樹蔭下，雨中，穿衣服 in the light/ the rain/ uniform/ disguise/irons2. 表示狀態(tài)和心情in power/ruins/rags/tears/holes/flower ages/ love/debt/anger/good health/hope/sorrow/confusion.介詞on1. 收音、農場、值日、隊伍、委員、董事on on the radio/the wireless/ TV/ the phone/ a

56、farm/duty/ the team2. 依靠 依賴 depend /live/rely/base/feed. on3. 在進行之中0.067以下為一些介詞的特殊用法：0.067 on the march / fire/strike/sale/ show/display/ business/ a trip/leave特殊：on purpose/ time/schedule /sb(某人支付)介詞at1.在山腳下、門口、目前；以的速度、速率；日出、日落；溫度；價格等等用atat the foot/bottom / gate of./the door/present/ a speed of /

57、a rate of/ ten degrees/ a good price/ a great cost/ the cost of.2. 開始和結束 at the beginning of/ end of/ first （in the beginning/in the end）3.at也可以表示一中狀態(tài) at war/ work/home0.068 on the march / fire/strike/sa介詞by表示偶然 by chance, by accident介詞for1. 表示找或獲得 ask/ write/look/search/pay .for2. 前往 leave/head/mak

58、e/sail/ be for介詞to 表示“令人.” to ones surprise/delight.0.069介詞by0.069above/over/on/below/under/beneath Be careful! There is a snake _ your head. The sun is _ the mountain in the east. There is a glass _ the table. Mr Brown was _ his wife in social standing.2. over/ across/ past/ through The Great Wall

59、winds its way from west to east, _ deserts, _ mountains, _ valleys, till at last it reaches the sea. The crowd of people walked _the City Wall.overaboveon/ under below across overthroughpast0.0above/over/on/below/under/bene3. in/on/at He is _ the station now. His glasses are right_ his nose. I am _

60、classroom now. 4. in/on/to Japan lies _ the east of China. England lies _ the southeast of Britain. Great changes have taken place in Guangzhou, which lies _ Zhujiang River. at oninto inon0.03. in/on/atat oninto inon0.0by/in/on _ sea/air/land/water _ plane/ship/train go to school _ my bike/ _ my fat