初三上冊期末英語知識點(diǎn)

1、第 第 頁初三上冊期末英語知識點(diǎn) 1.初三上冊期末英語知識點(diǎn) 固定搭配: only a few (=few)not a few (=many)quite a few (=many) many a (=many) Many books were sold. Many a book was sold. 賣出了很多書. 9many, much的用法 Many,much都意為很多,many +可數(shù)名詞,much +不可數(shù)名詞. How many people are there at the meeting How much time has we left Many of the workers w

2、ere at the meeting. Much of the time was spent on learning. 2.初三上冊期末英語知識點(diǎn) 介詞的固定搭配 介詞往往同其他詞類形成了固定搭配關(guān)系。記住這種固定搭配關(guān)系，才能正確運(yùn)用介詞。 (1)介詞與動詞的搭配 listen to , laugh at, get to, look for wait for, hear from, turn on, turn off, worry about, think of, look after, spendon， 等。 (2)介詞與名詞的搭配 on time, in time, by bus, on

3、 foot, with pleasure, on ones way to, in trouble, at breakfast, at the end of, in the end等。 (3)介詞與形容詞的搭配 be late for, be afraid of, be good at, be interested in, be angry with, be full of, be sorry for等。 短語動詞的分類 (1)動詞+介詞 常見的有l(wèi)ook for, look after, ask for, laugh at, hear of 等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞后。如： Dont

4、 laugh at others. Tom asked his parents for a bike. (2)動詞+副詞 常見的有g(shù)ive up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in,等。這類短語動詞的賓語假如是名詞，既可放在副詞前邊，又可放在副詞后邊;賓語假如是人稱代詞或反身代詞，那么要放在副詞前邊。如： Youll hand in your homework tomorrow. Please dont forget to hand it in. (3)動詞+副詞+介詞 常見的有 go on with, catch up with等。這類短語動詞的賓

5、語只能放在介詞后邊。如： Go on and Ill catch up with you in five minutes. After a short rest, he went on with his research work. (4)動詞+名詞+介詞 常見的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞后邊。如： You should pay attention to your handwriting. We should make full use of our time. (5)動

6、詞+形容詞 常見的有l(wèi)eave open, set free, cut open等。這類短語動詞的賓語假如是名詞，那么賓語可放在形容詞的前邊，也可放在后邊;賓語假如是人稱代詞或反身代詞，那么需要放在形容詞前邊。如： The prisoners were set free. He cut it open. (6)動詞+名詞 常見的有take place, make friends等。這類短語動詞用作不及物動詞。如： This story took place three years ago. I make friends with a lot of people. 3.初三上冊期末英語知識點(diǎn) 1

7、.介詞的功能 介詞是一種虛詞，用來表示名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其它詞語句中其它詞的關(guān)系，不能單獨(dú)運(yùn)用。介詞可與名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其它詞構(gòu)成介詞短語。介詞短語可在句中作定語，狀語，表語和賓語補(bǔ)足語。例如： The boy over there is Johns brother. (定語) The girl will be back in two hours. (狀語) Our English teacher is from Australia. (表語) Help yourself to some fish. (賓語補(bǔ)足語) 2.常用介詞的用法辨析 (1)表時間的介詞 at, in on 表示時間點(diǎn)用

8、at。例如：at si* oclock, at noon, at midnight。表示在某個世紀(jì)，某年，某月，某個季節(jié)以及早晨，上午，下午，晚上時，用in。例如：in the ninettenth century, in 2022, in may, in winter, in the morning, in the afternoon等。表示詳細(xì)的某一天和某一天的上午，下午，晚上時，用on。例如：on Monday, on July 1st, on Sunday morning等。 since, after 由since和after 引導(dǎo)的詞組都可表示從過去某一點(diǎn)開始的時段，但since詞組

9、表示的時段一貫連續(xù)到說話的時刻，因而往往要與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。而after詞組所表示的時段純系過去，因而要與一般過去時連用。例如： I havent heard from him since last summer. After five days the boy came back. in, after in與將來時態(tài)連用時，表示“過多長時間以后”的意思，后面跟表示一段時間的詞語。After與將來時態(tài)連用時，后面只能跟表示時間點(diǎn)的詞語。After與過去時態(tài)連用時，后面才能跟表示一段時間的詞語。例如： He will be back in two months. He will arrive a

10、fter four oclock. He returned after a month. (2)表示地點(diǎn)的介詞 at, in, on at一般指小地方;in一般指大地方或某個范圍之內(nèi);on往往表示“在某個物體的表面”。例如： He arrived in Shanghai yesterday. They arrived at a small village before dark. There is a big hole in the wall. The teacher put up a picture on the wall. over, above, on over, on和above都可表

11、示“在上面”，但詳細(xì)含義不同。Over表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方，其反義詞是under。 above也表示位置高于某物，但不肯定在正上方，其反義詞是below。On指兩個物體表面接觸，一個在另一的上面。例如： There is a bridge over the river. We flew above the clouds. They put some flowers on the teachers desk. across, through across和through均可表示“從這一邊到另一邊”，但用法不同。Across的含義與on有關(guān)，表示動作在某一物體的表面進(jìn)行。Throgh的

12、含義與in有關(guān)，表示動作是在三維空間進(jìn)行。例如： The dog ran across the grass. The boy swam across the river. They walked through the forest. I pushed through the crowds. in front of, in the front of in front of 表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某個范圍以外;in the front of 表示“在的前部”，在某個范圍以內(nèi)。例如： There are some tall trees in front of the building. T

13、he teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom. 4.初三上冊期末英語知識點(diǎn) 可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的幾種形式 1.單數(shù)名詞加s: students, apples, bags, trees, books, brothers. 2.以s、*、sh、ch結(jié)尾的名詞加es: glasses, bo*es, brushes, matches. 3.以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，變y為i加es: cities, babies, enemies. 4.以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞，多數(shù)變f為v加es: wives, knives.但有些詞只加s: roofs,proo

14、fs, chiefs. 5.以o結(jié)尾的名詞，有些加es: Negroes, heroes, tomatoes, potatoes. 其它加s: radio s, zoos, pianos, photos. 6.不規(guī)章名詞：footfeet, goosegeese, toothteeth, childchildren, manmen, womanwomen, mousemice. 7.單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞：sheep，fish，dee. 5.初三上冊期末英語知識點(diǎn) 主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài) 主動語態(tài)(The Active Voice)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者。 被動語態(tài)(The Passive Voice)

15、表示主語是動作的承受者。 構(gòu)成：承受者+助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞+by+執(zhí)行者 一般現(xiàn)在時：承受者+助動詞am / is/are +及物動詞的過去分詞+by+執(zhí)行者 一般過去時：承受者+助動詞was / were +及物動詞的過去分詞+by+執(zhí)行者 承受者+助動詞shall / will be+及物動詞的過去分詞+by+執(zhí)行者 承受者+助動詞 have/ has been+及物動詞的過去分詞+by+執(zhí)行者 承受者+ can /may/must/should +be+及物動詞的過去分詞+by+執(zhí)行者 從句 1.賓語從句 在復(fù)合句中，由一個句子充當(dāng)賓語，這個句子叫做賓語從句。賓語從句主要有三

16、種類型，分別是that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句、if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓從、連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。 常見的賓語從句引導(dǎo)詞：that、if、whether、what、who、where、why和how。 Eg. I am sad that you refused me. 我很難受你拒絕了我。 2.定語從句 定語從句在中考和高考中涌現(xiàn)的頻率都特別高。在復(fù)合句中，修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。常見的關(guān)系代詞包括that,which,who賓格whom，全部格whose,as 等，關(guān)系副詞包括where,when,why等。 Eg. L

17、ily likes music that is quiet and gentle. 瑪麗喜愛溫柔的音樂。 3.狀語從句 狀語從句就是由一個句子在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)狀語。所以狀語從句又可以分為時間狀語從句、地點(diǎn)狀語從句、緣由狀語從句、目的狀語從句、結(jié)果狀語從句等等。每種狀語從句都有特定的引導(dǎo)詞： 1地點(diǎn)狀語從句：where,wherever 2時間狀語從句：when, while, as, before, until, till, since 3緣由狀語從句：because, since,as, now that, not that, but that, seeing that, considering that, in that 4目的狀語從句：so, so that, in order that, that, to the end that, in case,for fear that,lest 5結(jié)果狀語從句：so.that, such that, so that, with the result that 6條件狀語從句：if,unless,if only,only