英語中的明喻暗喻

1、Parts The expression method is: a is like b. It is said that ontology is like metaphors. Usually, it contains three parts: the ontology(本體）,metaphors（喻體） and the metaphor words（比喻詞）.It can be clearly seen in terms of parable word like “such as, if.”, “such as though, if” or “l(fā)ike”, “as if”, “as thou

2、gh” ,“asas” ,“as it were”ExlesArmy and people are as inseparable as fish and water. 軍隊和人民像魚水一樣不可分離.Soldiers like the countrys steel wall, guarding the frontier of frontier 戰(zhàn)士就像國家的鋼鐵長城一樣，守衛(wèi)祖國的邊疆 在英語中，也有很多習語也屬于明喻As busy as a bee （極為忙碌）As cross as a bear(怒氣沖沖)Like the bolt from the blue(晴天霹靂)To follow

3、like sheep(盲從)To spring up like mushrooms(雨后春筍)生動形象的明喻My love is like a red, red rose Thats newly sprung in June;My love is like a melodyThats sweetly played in tune (Robert Burns)啊，我愛人象紅紅的玫瑰，在六月里苞放；啊，我愛人象一支樂曲，樂聲美妙、悠揚。 Shall I compare you to a summers day? 我能把你比作夏日嗎？ (William Shakespeare)My heart is

4、 like a singing bird我的心就象正在唱歌的小鳥。任何明喻必須具備以下條件：（1）本體和喻體分屬不同性質(zhì)的事物并同時出現(xiàn)在句中； 貓的眼睛像老虎的眼睛。 The tiger is as brave as the lion. It is not a simile,because the things compared have too many points of resemblance.（2） 主體和喻體必須在某一點上（聲色、形狀、性質(zhì)、 功能等）相似，即有所謂的相似點；（similarity) The diamond is as blue as the great常用比喻詞有

5、：(3) 用比喻詞之類的引導方式引導。 I wondered lonely as a cloud.常見的比喻詞：like; unlike; it was a bit like； can be likened to ; as ; as if ; as though; as it were； as comparable to ; may be compared to ; similar to; akin to ; be analogous to ; etc.As if/ as though 引導的啟發(fā)型明喻，其特點是通過暗示性的聯(lián)想引發(fā)人們洞察深層的內(nèi)涵，所設的比喻或許不一定能直接理解，但是一經(jīng)思

6、索，必達豁然，因此這一比喻有言近意遠的效果。The woman made him fetch and carry just as if he was a great Newfoundland dog.這個女人叫他做這做那，簡直把他當作一條紐芬蘭的大狗。The ruby shall be redder than a red rose,And the sapphire shall be as blue as the great sea. (O. Wilde)紅寶石將比紅玖瑰還要紅，藍寶石像大海一樣藍。Asas, more than句型與形容詞同級比較、 比較級的比較在語法和結構上是一致的，但它們不

7、是簡單的比較，而是屬于兩類不同性質(zhì)事物之間的比較，在形容同級和比較級的結構中，雖然也用as as 或more than把二者聯(lián)系起來，但它只是一種簡單的比較，而不是比喻。He is as tall as his father.He us taller than his father.like pattern:My mind goes round and round like the earth.我的大腦像地球一樣不停地轉(zhuǎn)動。He was like a cat on hot bricks before his driving test.在駕駛考試之前，他緊張得像熱鍋上的螞蟻。Soccer is

8、spreading like wildfire through all the States.足球像野火一樣迅速傳遍美國。Jenny and I was like peas and carrots. 我和珍妮形影不離。They will never be able to save money to buy a new house they both spend money like water. 他們將永遠積攢不起錢買新房子他們兩人都花錢如水。Some patterns of simile as pattern:as + adj. + as + n. That man cant be trus

9、ted. Hes as slippery as an eel.那個人不可信，他像鱔魚一樣滑。Im as poor as a church mouse. 我一貧如洗。My money and goods are as dear to me as life itself. 錢財對我來說如同生命一樣寶貴。/ 我視財如命。 Metaphor 暗喻. Definition Metaphor comes from Latin “metaphorn”, means “a transfer of a meaning”. Based on Websters New World Dictionary, metap

10、hor is defined as “a figure of speech containing an implied comparison, in which one thing is applied to another.” 暗喻的結構特征可以分為3個類型： (1) 喻體直述式：把本體和喻體說成是一件事。 A book that is shut is but a block.總是合著的書只不過是一塊磚頭而已。College is a comma of a sentence of life. 大學就是人生長句的一個逗號。在上面兩句中，喻體 block and comma一目了然， 十分明確地

11、描寫了本體的特征。My heart is a lonely hunter that hunts on a lonely hill. 我的心就像一名孤獨的獵手，在寂寞的山崗游獵。(2) 喻體半隱式He doesnt have an idea of his own. He just parrots what other people say. 他沒有自己的觀點，只會鸚鵡學舌。 A heavy silence blanketed the room.整個房子沉浸在一片沉默中。They stormed the speaker with questions.他們猛烈質(zhì)問演講者。(3) 喻體全隱式 Some

12、 books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed and some few to be chewed and digested. 一些書淺嘗即可，另外一 些書則要囫圇吞下，只有少數(shù)的書才值得咀嚼和消化。把 book比作food, 但 food 這個喻體并沒有出現(xiàn)。取而代之的是 taste, swallow, chew, and digest. Exles of metaphornoun pattern名詞型: A is BTime is money. 時間就是金錢。Beauty without virtue is a rose without fr

13、agrance. 沒有德行的美麗好比沒有芬芳的玫瑰。Some people think that marriage is a lottery. 有些人認為婚姻是緣分。He is the eyes and ears of the manager. 他是經(jīng)理的耳目。Look at that guy all meat and no potatoes. 瞧那個家伙，渾身都是肉。I was, inwardly, all white flag. 我內(nèi)心里卻妥協(xié)了。Greece was the cradle of Western culture. 希臘是西方文化的發(fā)源地/搖籃。The old mans fa

14、ce is a map of time. 那老人臉就是歲月的寫照。verb pattern動詞型: Snow clothes the ground. 雪覆蓋了大地。The case snowballed into one of the most famous trials in U.S. history. 這個案子像滾雪球似地最終成了美國歷史上最著名的審判之一。A stranger then is still dogging us. 一個陌生人仍在跟蹤我們。My desk is flooded with paper. 我的桌子上堆滿了紙，就像洪水泛濫一樣。The years have silv

15、ered her hair. 歲月已使她的鬢發(fā)如霜。The population mushroomed in the postwar decades. 戰(zhàn)后數(shù)十年里人口快速增長。My heart was pumping. 我的心怦怦直跳。He doesnt have any idea of his own. He just parrots what other people say.他沒有自己的觀點，只會鸚鵡學舌。adjective pattern形容詞型:The mountainous waves swallowed up the ship. 山一般的巨浪吞沒了那艘船。I was all s

16、miles, looking forward to a pleasant, homey evening.我滿心歡喜，盼望度過一個家庭般舒適的夜晚。He gave Nancy a wintry smile. 他給萊西一個冷笑。idiom pattern:We mended our fences. 我們重修舊好。-of- phrase pattern: A policeman waved me out of the snake of traffic and flagged me to stop. 一位警察招手要我從長蛇般的車流中出來，并揮旗叫我停下。The lecturer looked down

17、 at the sea of faces beneath him. 演講者俯視下面無數(shù)的面孔。We have come a long way since then, in part as a fruit of his labors. 從那以后，我們?nèi)〉昧司薮筮M展，其中一部分是他努力的結果。They tied pillows on top of their heads as protection against the shower of rocks. 他們把枕頭綁在頭上以防傾瀉而下的巖石。Note: The difference between simile and metaphor is t

18、hat simile points out the similarity between two compared things directly, while metaphor does not do like that and its meaning is implied, you have to read between the lines. Similes and metaphors must also meet the following two requirements:1) The tenor and the vehicle must represent things of di

19、fferent categories.2) There must be similarities between the tenor and the vehicle. 借喻(Metonymy) 借喻不同于一般的比喻，其特點不是想而是聯(lián)想。它不直接說出要說的事物，而是用與該事物有著不可分離關系的另一事物來表現(xiàn)，即相當于漢語的借代。借喻中本體、喻體均不出現(xiàn)，直接用喻體代替本體，表達形象、生動，語言簡練。通過聯(lián)想讀者不僅知道所寫的是什么，而且能想起所說事物的特征，留下深刻的印象。 He chose the gun instead of the cap and gown.(分別借代Joined the armed forces和high education)他選擇了參軍，而不是深造。 Have you ever read Shakes Peare(借代the works by Shakespeare)你讀過莎士比亞的作品嗎? The coat wonle be beyond his miserable pocke(借代money)他的錢少得可憐，買不起那件大衣。 The pen is stronger than the sword(gun)(分別借代those who use the pen和thos