分詞短語作狀語講解課件

1、 分詞短語作狀語講解 分詞短語作狀語講解分詞短語作狀語【知識點(diǎn)解析】分詞或分詞短語作狀語時(shí)，可以表示時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、伴隨、條件、讓步、方式、伴隨等。一、用作時(shí)間狀語典型例句 Seeing the cat, the mouse ran off. 見到貓，老鼠就跑了。The work finished, he went home. 工作做完后，他就回家了。理解技巧 分詞(短語)用作時(shí)間狀語通常可轉(zhuǎn)換成時(shí)間狀語從句(引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語的從屬連詞需根據(jù)句意來確定)，如上面兩句也可轉(zhuǎn)換成：When As soon as the mouse saw the cat, it ran off. After the

2、 work was finished, he went home. 分詞短語作狀語【知識點(diǎn)解析】分詞或分詞短語作狀語時(shí)，可以表示分詞短語作狀語【知識點(diǎn)解析】高考實(shí)例 When _ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. (2006浙江卷)A. compared B. being comparedC. comparing D. having compared 【答案】C【解析】分詞短語when comparing diffe

3、rent cultures相當(dāng)于時(shí)間狀語從句when we compare different cultures.分詞短語作狀語【知識點(diǎn)解析】高考實(shí)例 When _分詞短語作狀語【知識點(diǎn)解析】典型例句 Being very weak, she couldnt move. 她由于身體虛弱而不能行動。His car broken down, he had to walk. 他的車壞了，所以只好走路。Much discouraged, she moved on to London. 她很沮喪，搬到了倫敦。理解技巧 分詞(短語)用作原因狀語通常可轉(zhuǎn)換成由as, because, since, now

4、that 等引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句，如：As she was very weak, she couldnt move. Because his car was broken down, he had to walk. Because she was much discouraged, she moved on to London. 分詞短語作狀語【知識點(diǎn)解析】典型例句 分詞短語作狀語【知識點(diǎn)解析】高考實(shí)例 (1) _ with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time. (2006四川卷)A. Faced B. Face C.

5、Facing D. To face【答案】A【解析】 faced with so much trouble可轉(zhuǎn)換成原因狀語從句because we were faced with so much trouble. 分詞短語作狀語【知識點(diǎn)解析】高考實(shí)例 (1) _分詞短語作狀語【知識點(diǎn)解析】 (2) _ for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits. (2006福建卷) A. Blaming B. Blamed C. To blame D. To be blamed【答案】B【解析】現(xiàn)在分詞短

6、語blamed for the breakdown of the school. computer network可轉(zhuǎn)換成原因狀語從句because she was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network.分詞短語作狀語【知識點(diǎn)解析】 (2) _ for 分詞短語作狀語【知識點(diǎn)解析】典型例句 Working hard, you will succeed. 如果努力工作，你就可以成功。Adding them all up, we can find the answer. 如果把它們加起來，我們就可以得到答案。United,

7、we stand; divided, we fall. 團(tuán)結(jié)則存，分裂則亡。Given more time, we could have done it better. 如果多給點(diǎn)時(shí)間，我們可以做得更好。理解技巧分詞(短語)用作條件狀語通?？赊D(zhuǎn)換成由從屬連詞if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，如上面幾句也可轉(zhuǎn)換成：分詞短語作狀語【知識點(diǎn)解析】典型例句 分詞短語作狀語【知識點(diǎn)解析】If you work hard, you will succeed. If we add them all up, we can find the answer. If we are united, we stand; if w

8、e are divided, we fall. If we had been given more time, we could have done it better.高考實(shí)例 _ time, hell make a first-class tennis player. (2003北京春)A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given【答案】D【解析】give 與其邏輯主語 he 是動賓關(guān)系，用過去分詞，故選 D。分詞短語 Given time 可轉(zhuǎn)換成條件狀語從順 If he is given time。分詞短語作狀語【知識點(diǎn)解析】If you

9、work hard分詞短語作狀語【知識點(diǎn)解析】四、用作讓步狀語典型例句 Living miles away, he attended the course. 雖然住在幾英里以外，他仍去上課。Defeated, he remained a popular boxer. 雖然被擊敗了，他仍是一個(gè)受歡迎的拳擊手。理解技巧分詞(短語)用作讓步狀語通常可轉(zhuǎn)換成由從屬連詞though, although, no matter等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，如：Although he lived miles away, he attended the course. Thought he was defeated,

10、he remained a popular boxer. 分詞短語作狀語【知識點(diǎn)解析】四、用作讓步狀語分詞短語作狀語【知識點(diǎn)解析】高考實(shí)例 No matter how frequently _, the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world. (2006廣東卷)A. performed B. performing C. to be performed D. being performed【答案】A【解析】現(xiàn)在分詞短語performed在此相當(dāng)于they are performed。No matter how fre

11、quently they are performed的意思是“無論它們（指貝多芬的作品）被演奏多少次”。 分詞短語作狀語【知識點(diǎn)解析】高考實(shí)例 No matter分詞短語作狀語【知識點(diǎn)解析】五、用作伴隨狀語典型例句 He sat in the chair reading a newspaper. 他坐在椅子上看報(bào)。Dont you sit there doing nothing? 別什么也不干坐在那里。He came in, followed by his wife.他走了進(jìn)來，后面跟著他的妻子。理解技巧 理解“伴隨狀語”的關(guān)鍵是要理解“伴隨”二字。分詞(短語)用作伴隨狀語時(shí)，它表示的動作伴隨

12、句子謂語動作同時(shí)發(fā)生，即句子謂語所表示的動作為主要?jiǎng)幼?，分詞短語所表示的動作伴隨性的次要?jiǎng)幼鳌７衷~短語作狀語【知識點(diǎn)解析】五、用作伴隨狀語分詞短語作狀語【知識點(diǎn)解析】高考實(shí)例(1) Dont sit there _ nothing. Come and help me with this table. (2006湖北卷)do B. to do C. doing D. and doing(2) My cousin came to see me from the country, _ me a full basket of fresh fruits. (2006安徽卷)A. brought B. b

13、ringing C. to bring D. had brought分詞短語作狀語【知識點(diǎn)解析】高考實(shí)例分詞短語作狀語【知識點(diǎn)解析】(3) Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always _ the same thing. (2006江蘇卷)saying B. said C. to say D. having said(4) We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, _ that al

14、l children like these things. (2006全國卷)thinking B. think C. to think D. thought【答案】以上四題答案分別為CBAA。分詞短語作狀語【知識點(diǎn)解析】(3) Whenever he 分詞短語作狀語【知識點(diǎn)解析】六、用作方式狀語典型例句 He earns a living driving a truck. 他靠開卡車謀取生。Im returning you letter as requested. 我按要求給你退信。理解技巧分詞(短語)用作方式狀語與用作伴隨狀語的情形比較接近。有時(shí)用作方式狀語的現(xiàn)在分詞可以轉(zhuǎn)換成by doi

15、ng sth.的結(jié)構(gòu)，如上面第一句也可換成：He earns a living by driving a truck. 注：近幾年高考對分詞用作方式狀語的情形考得較少。分詞短語作狀語【知識點(diǎn)解析】六、用作方式狀語分詞短語作狀語【知識點(diǎn)解析】七、用作結(jié)果狀語 典型例句He fired, killing one of the passers-by. 他開槍了，打死了一個(gè)過路人。He died, leaving his wife with five children. 他死了，留下他妻子和五個(gè)兒子。理解技巧 分詞(短語)用作結(jié)果狀語時(shí)，通?？赊D(zhuǎn)換成并列句，如上面兩句也可轉(zhuǎn)換成：He fired an

16、d killed one of the passers-by. He died and left his wife with five children. It rained and rained, and vehicles were bogged and bridges were washed out.分詞短語作狀語【知識點(diǎn)解析】七、用作結(jié)果狀語分詞短語作狀語【知識點(diǎn)解析】 高考實(shí)例(1) He glanced over at her, _ that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together. (2005廣東卷)noting

17、 B. noted C. to note D. having noted【答案】A【解析】此句也可換成：He glanced over at her and noted that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together.分詞短語作狀語【知識點(diǎn)解析】 高考實(shí)例分詞短語作狀語【知識點(diǎn)解析】(2) Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _ a record US$ 57.65 a barrel on April 4. (2005山東卷)A.

18、 have reached B. reachingC. to reach D. to be reaching【答案】B【解析】此句也可換成：Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year and reached a record US 分詞短語作狀語【知識點(diǎn)解析】(2) Oil prices h分詞短語作狀語【知識點(diǎn)解析】八、獨(dú)立成分作狀語。 有些分詞短語，其形式的選擇不受上下文的影響，稱作獨(dú)立成分。如：Generally/frankly/honestly/strictly speaking, judging fr

19、om/by, considering, supposing, o consideration, to tell the truth, to be honest, compared with/ to make things worseConsidering everything, John isnt so bad after all.Supposing there was a war, what would you do?提示：使用分詞作狀語時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)。分詞短語作狀語【知識點(diǎn)解析】八、獨(dú)立成分作狀語。 有些分詞短分詞短語作狀語【知識點(diǎn)解析】1）分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)（懸垂分詞） 分詞作狀語時(shí)分

20、詞的邏輯主語必須與句子的主語保持一致。但如果分詞的邏輯主語不是句子的主語時(shí)應(yīng)該在分詞前面加上其邏輯主語，即構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)通常由“名詞或代詞主格+分詞”構(gòu)成。 Mr. Cook being away from home, his wife has to do all the house work. (原因狀語) Work done, they went out to play basketball. (時(shí)間狀語) There being no buses, we had to walk to go home. Weather permitting, well go for an

21、outing tomorrow. 分詞短語作狀語【知識點(diǎn)解析】1）分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)（懸垂分詞分詞短語作狀語【知識點(diǎn)解析】2) 現(xiàn)在分詞的時(shí)態(tài)，語態(tài)以及否定式：* doing ： 用來表示主動，且前后動作同時(shí)進(jìn)行。Returning home later, my friend learned that the police had been to the flat.* having done: 用來表示主動,且動作發(fā)生在主句之前。Having seen the film before, I decided not to see it again.* being done: 用來表示被動,且前后

22、動作同時(shí)進(jìn)行。Being questioned by the police, he felt frightened.* done: 用來表示被動且完成分詞短語作狀語【知識點(diǎn)解析】2) 現(xiàn)在分詞的時(shí)態(tài)，語態(tài)以及否分詞短語作狀語【知識點(diǎn)解析】Destroyed in the storm, the house will be rebuilt.* having been done: 用來表示被動，而且強(qiáng)調(diào)動作持續(xù) 一段時(shí)間或次數(shù)。Having been defeated three times, he had to give up.* 否定形式： not/ never + 分詞結(jié)構(gòu)Not studyi

23、ng hard, he didnt pass the test.Never having taken a plane before, he was nervous.分詞短語作狀語【知識點(diǎn)解析】Destroyed in the分詞短語作狀語【知識點(diǎn)解析】3）有時(shí)，可以在做狀語的分詞前加上連詞，如 when/ while, if/ once/ unless, though, as if 等 Be careful when crossing the street. （時(shí)間狀語） While living in Paris, Jim made many friends（時(shí)間狀語） If kept in

24、 freezer, these fish will remain fresh.（條件狀語） I wont go, unless invited.（條件狀語） I will ask them to help us, even though refused.（讓步狀語） Though lacking money, I cant ask my mom for help.（讓步狀語）分詞短語作狀語【知識點(diǎn)解析】3）有時(shí)，可以在做狀語的分詞前加分詞短語作狀語【練習(xí)】1. _ down the street the other day, I saw a terrible accident.Walking

25、B. Walked C. To walk D. Having walked【答案】A【解析】我沿著街走的同時(shí)，我看到了車禍。此句話包含兩層意思：1.主動 2.同時(shí)發(fā)生 符合doing表示1）表主動 2）表同時(shí)進(jìn)行（與，或）所以選A沒有任何問題。請按照，done和having done蘊(yùn)含的意思去分析B，D兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)。C不定式我們以后再做分析。分詞短語作狀語【練習(xí)】1. _ down the str分詞短語作狀語【練習(xí)】2. _ in white, she looks much more beautiful. A. To dress B. Dressing C. Dressed D. To be

26、dressed.【答案】C【解析】為了了解dress的用法，請先看牛津高階詞典有關(guān)dress的例句：* Hurry up and get dressed! 快點(diǎn)穿上衣服！ * Is she old enough to dress herself yet? 她會自己穿衣服了嗎？* He was dressed as a woman, wearing a womans clothes. 他男扮女裝。 * a woman dressed in green 穿著綠衣服的女子。我們來看例句Hurry up and get dressed! = You hurry up and you get dress

27、ed! sb. get dressed 與sb. is dressed 不用的是前者是動作，后者是狀態(tài)。分詞短語作狀語【練習(xí)】2. _ in white, 分詞短語作狀語【練習(xí)】表示某人穿什么顏色的衣服有個(gè)比較常用的表達(dá)式sb. is dressed in red/ white/ black.If the girl is dressed in white, she looks much more beautiful.If去掉，相同的主語the girl去掉，be動詞去掉。過去分詞dressed直接保留，這里的done，同樣1）表被動 2）表完成（與，或）的含義。分詞短語作狀語【練習(xí)】表示某人穿

28、什么顏色的衣服有個(gè)比較常用的分詞短語作狀語【練習(xí)】有同學(xué)問不是有sb. dress herself這個(gè)短語嗎，那么為什么不能選擇B. Dressing這個(gè)選項(xiàng)呢？答：如果題干是 _herself in white, she looks much more beautiful. A. To dress B. Dressing C. Dressed D. To be dressed.題干多了一個(gè)單詞herself，這題正確答案就是B. Dressing了。打回原形看下：If she dresses herself in white, she looks much more beautiful.分詞短語作狀語【練習(xí)】有同學(xué)問不是有sb. dre