高考英語復(fù)習(xí)：閱讀理解細(xì)節(jié)理解題課件

1、高考英語復(fù)習(xí)：閱讀理解細(xì)節(jié)理解題高考英語復(fù)習(xí)：閱讀理解細(xì)節(jié)理解題高考英語復(fù)習(xí)：閱讀理解細(xì)節(jié)理解題高考英語復(fù)習(xí)：閱讀理解細(xì)節(jié)理解題高考英語復(fù)習(xí)：閱讀理解細(xì)節(jié)理解題要想順利解答高考英語閱讀理解，考生必須具備高中英語新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定要達(dá)到的詞匯量和固定短語量，熟悉語法結(jié)構(gòu)，拓寬知識(shí)面，熟悉各種題材和體裁的文章，提高閱讀速度，提高通過閱讀獲取信息的能力。此外，在復(fù)習(xí)中，還應(yīng)該注意以下幾點(diǎn)：要想順利解答高考英語閱讀理解，考生必須具備高中英語新課程標(biāo)一、速讀全文，了解大意知主題閱讀的目的是獲取信息。閱讀能力一般指閱讀速度和理解能力兩個(gè)方面。高考要求的閱讀速度大約是每分鐘60個(gè)詞?？忌仨氃谑钟邢薜臅r(shí)間內(nèi)運(yùn)

2、用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等技巧快速閱讀，搜尋關(guān)鍵詞(key words)、主題句(topic sentence)，捕捉時(shí)空、順序、情節(jié)、人物、觀點(diǎn)，并且理清文章脈絡(luò)，把握語篇實(shí)質(zhì)，掌握文章大意。閱讀時(shí)讀者沒有必要研讀全文，速讀的訣竅在于瀏覽文章的內(nèi)容提要、前言、標(biāo)題、副標(biāo)題、插圖、表格、開頭和結(jié)尾等部分，這樣就可以把握文章大意了。許多文章在第一段提出問題，在中間段落進(jìn)行分析、例證，最后一段是歸納結(jié)論。抓主題句是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。一、速讀全文，了解大意知主題二、詳讀細(xì)節(jié)，理順?biāo)悸放c脈絡(luò)文章絕不是互不相干的句子雜亂無章的堆砌。作者為文，有脈可循。如記敘文多以人物為中心，以時(shí)間或空間為線索，按事

3、件的發(fā)生、發(fā)展、結(jié)局展開故事；議論文則包含論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)、結(jié)論三大要素，通過解釋、舉例來闡述觀點(diǎn)。你可根據(jù)文章的特點(diǎn)，詳讀細(xì)節(jié)，以動(dòng)詞、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、事件、因果等為線索，找出關(guān)鍵詞語，運(yùn)用“畫圖列表法”，勾畫出一幅完整清晰的文章主題和細(xì)節(jié)的認(rèn)知圖。高考英語復(fù)習(xí)：閱讀理解細(xì)節(jié)理解題三、抓住主干，化解難句捕信息要實(shí)現(xiàn)快速、準(zhǔn)確地理解文章大意，就要學(xué)會(huì)抓句子的關(guān)鍵成分，即句子的主干成分，如主語、謂語和賓語，因?yàn)樗鼈兪莻鬟_(dá)信息的主要載體，其他成分，不論它有多么長，多么復(fù)雜，都是輔助成分。要說明的核心問題是，我們閱讀英語文章時(shí)，一定要有一個(gè)全局觀念，從宏觀上來把握文章，做到了這一點(diǎn)，我們面對(duì)各類文章的各類題型

4、都能夠從容應(yīng)對(duì)。比如：Another element in the emergence of prodigies(神童)，I found，is a society that values excellence in a certain field and is able nurture talent.只要我們抓住了“Another element is society.”就可以得知，社會(huì)是神童出現(xiàn)的一個(gè)因素。三、抓住主干，化解難句捕信息四、熟知技巧，輕松應(yīng)考走捷徑分析歷屆閱讀理解題，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)命題者命制的考點(diǎn)是有一定規(guī)律的，且考點(diǎn)規(guī)律常與某種題型(主旨?xì)w納題、細(xì)節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題、詞義猜測(cè)題)

5、相對(duì)應(yīng)。如果考生掌握了這些規(guī)律，就能在第一遍快速閱讀短文時(shí)，敏銳地捕捉到考點(diǎn)并能預(yù)測(cè)可能會(huì)出的題型。下面，將這些考點(diǎn)的規(guī)律及對(duì)應(yīng)題型歸納如下：高考英語復(fù)習(xí)：閱讀理解細(xì)節(jié)理解題考點(diǎn)規(guī)律(1) 舉例子、打比喻處常考為了使自己的觀點(diǎn)更明確、更有說服力，作者經(jīng)常用具體的事例打比方，句中常由as，such as，for example，for instance等引導(dǎo)的短語或句子作為舉例，這些例句或比喻成為命題者提問的焦點(diǎn)?？忌枳⒁獾氖抢踊虮扔饕话闶呛臀恼禄蚨温渲行木o密相關(guān)的，常以“細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)型”題型和“推斷型”題型出現(xiàn)，但傾向于“推斷型”題型?？键c(diǎn)規(guī)律(2) 引用人物論斷處常考作者為了正確表達(dá)出自己的

6、觀點(diǎn)或使論點(diǎn)更有依據(jù)，常常引用某名人的論斷或重要發(fā)現(xiàn)等。命題者常在此處設(shè)問，多以“推理型”題為主，有時(shí)也會(huì)設(shè)置“細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)性”題型?？键c(diǎn)規(guī)律(1) 舉例子、打比喻處常考考點(diǎn)規(guī)律(3) 轉(zhuǎn)折處與對(duì)比處?？家话愣裕D(zhuǎn)折后的內(nèi)容常常是語義的重點(diǎn)，命題者常對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)折處的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行提問。轉(zhuǎn)折一般通過however，but，yet，in fact等詞或短語來引導(dǎo)。對(duì)比常由unlike，until，not so much.as等詞或短語引導(dǎo)。命題者常對(duì)用來對(duì)比的雙方的屬性進(jìn)行考查。比如文章中說甲具有X屬性，但乙與甲不同，問：乙有何屬性？答：非X屬性。此類考點(diǎn)常出現(xiàn)在邏輯推理型題中，少數(shù)出現(xiàn)于其他題型中?？键c(diǎn)規(guī)律(

7、4) 復(fù)雜句式處?？紡?fù)雜句常是命題者出題之處，包括同位語、插入語、定語、長句后半句，以及從句、不定式、副詞等。命題者主要考查考生對(duì)句子間的指代關(guān)系、對(duì)文章段落間的邏輯關(guān)系的理解，常以邏輯推理題型出現(xiàn)，包括少量其他題型?？键c(diǎn)規(guī)律(3) 轉(zhuǎn)折處與對(duì)比處常考考點(diǎn)規(guī)律(5) 因果句處?？济}者常以文中的因果句命制一些考查文中兩個(gè)事件內(nèi)在的因果關(guān)系的試題，或出些概括文意、段意的試題。一般以“推理型”題型和“主旨大意型”題型出現(xiàn)，兼顧少量其他題型。表示因果關(guān)系的詞有：because，since，for，as，therefore，consequently，result in，originate from等。

8、考點(diǎn)規(guī)律(6) 特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)處常考由于特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)后的內(nèi)容是對(duì)前面內(nèi)容的進(jìn)一步解釋和說明，因此命題者常以標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)后的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行提問。具體來說，特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)包括：破折號(hào)(表解釋)；括號(hào)(表解釋)；冒號(hào)(表解釋)；引號(hào)(表引用)。題型一般有推理判斷題、主旨大意題、細(xì)節(jié)理解題等?？键c(diǎn)規(guī)律(5) 因果句處?？伎键c(diǎn)規(guī)律(7) 段首、段尾句處?？荚谖恼轮惺锥问拙浠蚰┒文┚渫俏恼轮行乃枷氲谋磉_(dá)處；有時(shí)某一段的段首、段尾句是該段的主題句。因此，命題者常在這些地方出題。題型基本上屬主旨大意型。考點(diǎn)規(guī)律(8) 最高級(jí)與絕對(duì)性詞匯處?？嘉闹腥舫霈F(xiàn)must，all，only，anyone，always，never等

9、絕對(duì)性詞匯，或形容詞與副詞的最高級(jí)形式，往往是考點(diǎn)所在處，一般出“細(xì)節(jié)型問題”。因?yàn)檫@些地方概念絕對(duì)、答案唯一，無論是命題還是答題，都不會(huì)產(chǎn)生歧義?？键c(diǎn)規(guī)律(7) 段首、段尾句處?？家陨戏治龌旧细爬藲v屆閱讀理解題考點(diǎn)常考處及其對(duì)應(yīng)題型。考生掌握了這些規(guī)律，在讀文章時(shí)，就要在這些考點(diǎn)常出現(xiàn)的地方做些記號(hào)。閱讀完后，這些做記號(hào)的地方基本上就是出題的地方。然后再對(duì)照后面的題目，一一找到相對(duì)應(yīng)的考點(diǎn)，再逐一解答。這樣就避免做一題，看一下整個(gè)段落，甚至全文，從而節(jié)省了時(shí)間。高考英語復(fù)習(xí)：閱讀理解細(xì)節(jié)理解題A(2019全國卷，A)My Favourite BooksJo Usmar is a writ

10、er for Cosmopolitan and coauthor of the This Book Will series (系列) of lifestyle books.Here she picks her top reads.MatildaRoald DahlI once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahls writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful worlds.Matildas battles wit

11、h her cruel parents and the bossy headmistress，Miss Trunchbull，are equally funny and frightening，but theyre also aspirational.AAfter DarkHaruki MurakamiIts about two sistersEri，a model who either wont or cant stop sleeping，and Mari，a young student.In trying to connect to her sister，Mari starts chang

12、ing her life and discovers a world of diverse “night people” who are hidingsecrets.Gone GirlGillian FlynnThere was a bit of me that didnt want to love this when everyone else on the planet did，but the horror story is brilliant.Theres tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for

13、your trust.Its a real whodunit and the frustration when you realise whats going on is horribly enjoyable.After DarkThe StandStephen KingThis is an excellent fantasy novel from one of the best storytellers around.After a serious flu outbreak wipes out 99.4% of the worlds population，a battle unfolds b

14、etween good and evil among those left.Randall Flagg is one of the scariest characters ever.文章大意：主題：人與社會(huì)(文學(xué))；話題：推薦好書。本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。著名作家Jo Usmar向讀者介紹了幾本她最喜歡的書。The Stand1Who does “I” refer to in the text？_AStephen King.BGillian Flynn.CJo Usmar.DRoald Dahl.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的最后一句“Here she picks her top reads.”可知

15、，Jo Usmar在下文要為讀者推薦幾本她最喜歡的書，這說明下文中的“I”指的就是Jo Usmar。C C 2Which of the following tells about Mari and Eri？_ACosmopolitan.BMatilda.CAfter Dark.DThe Stand.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)After Dark部分中的“Its about two sistersEri.Mari.”可知，After Dark講述了Mari和Eri的故事。3What kind of book is Gone Girl？_AA folk tale.BA biography.CA lov

16、e story.DA horror story.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Gone Girl部分中的“.the horror story is brilliant.”可知，Gone Girl這本書屬于恐怖故事。C D 2Which of the following tellsB(2019北京卷，A)Want to explore new cultures，meet new people and do something worthwhile at the same time？You can do all the three with Global Development Association (

17、GDA)Whatever stage of life youre at，wherever you go and whatever project you do in GDA，youll create positive changes in a poor and remote community (社區(qū))We work with volunteers of all ages and backgrounds. Most of our volunteers are aged 1724.Now we need volunteer managers aged 2575.They are extremel

18、y important in the safe and effective running of our programmes.We have such roles as project managers，mountain leaders，and communication officers.BDepending on which role you choose，you could help to increase a communitys access to safe drinking water，or help to protect valuable local cultures.You

19、might also design an adventure challenge to train young volunteers.Not only will you help our young volunteers to develop personally，youll also learn new skills and increase your cultural awareness.You may have chances to meet new people wholl become your lifelong friends.高考英語復(fù)習(xí)：閱讀理解細(xì)節(jié)理解題This summer

20、 we have both 4week and 7week programmes：This summer we have both 4weeGDA ensures that volunteers work with community members and local project partners where our help is needed.All our projects aim to promote the development of poor and remote communities.There is no other chance like a GDA program

21、me.Join us as a volunteer manager to develop your own skills while bringing benefits to the communities. Find out more about joining a GDA programme：Website：Email：humanresources 文章大意：主題：人與社會(huì)(社會(huì)服務(wù)與人際溝通)；話題：幫扶貧困偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)。本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了GDA項(xiàng)目并為該項(xiàng)目招募志愿管理人員。本語篇題材豐富，涉及志愿項(xiàng)目、前沿科技、人文、社會(huì)現(xiàn)象

22、等，覆蓋面廣。GDA ensures that volunteers wo4What is the main responsibility of volunteer managers？_ATo seek local partners.BTo take in young volunteers.CTo carry out programmes.DTo foster cultural awareness.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞volunteer managers可直接定位到語篇第二段第三、四句，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容可知，他們對(duì)于GDA項(xiàng)目的安全有效運(yùn)行起著非常重要的作用，所以C項(xiàng)“執(zhí)行項(xiàng)目”為正

23、確選項(xiàng)。C 4What is the main responsibil5The programme beginning in August will operate in_.AEgyptBAlgeriaCKenyaDSouth Africa解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞beginning in August 可直接定位到活動(dòng)項(xiàng)目日程表的最后一欄，根據(jù)本部分中的關(guān)鍵信息South Africa2 Aug.29 Aug.可知，8月份開始的項(xiàng)目是在南非。D D 6The shared goal of GDAs projects is to _.Aexplore new culturesBpro

24、tect the environmentCgain corporate benefitsDhelp communities in need解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞shared goal of GDAs projects可直接定位到日程表下面語段的最后一句，根據(jù)本句內(nèi)容可知，該項(xiàng)目的目的是促進(jìn)貧困偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)的發(fā)展，故D項(xiàng)“幫助處于困境的地區(qū)”為正確選項(xiàng)。D D (1)文章細(xì)節(jié)對(duì)于理解全文內(nèi)容至關(guān)重要，同時(shí)也是歸納和概括文章中心思想的基礎(chǔ)。(2)命題人員會(huì)要求考生根據(jù)不同的要求，閱讀文章以獲得某些特定的信息或準(zhǔn)確地尋求所需的細(xì)節(jié)。(3)這類試題有時(shí)比較直接，理解字面意思即可答題；有時(shí)則較

25、為間接，需要?dú)w納、概括和推理才能答題。細(xì)節(jié)理解題占閱讀理解總題量的60%左右。 考 綱 解 讀(1)文章細(xì)節(jié)對(duì)于理解全文內(nèi)容至關(guān)重要，同時(shí)也是歸納和概括文.把握細(xì)節(jié)理解題的常見設(shè)問方式：(1)特殊疑問句形式：以when，where，what，which，who，how much/many等疑問詞開頭引出的問題。(2)判斷是非的形式：含有True/False，Not true或EXCEPT等詞的判斷是非問題。(3)填空題形式：通常涉及與主題有關(guān)的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)。(4)就文中數(shù)字、排序等提問。.明晰細(xì)節(jié)理解題的考查角度：(1)高頻考點(diǎn)：直接信息題；間接信息題。(2)低頻考點(diǎn)：數(shù)字計(jì)算題；正誤判斷題；細(xì)

26、節(jié)排序題。 考 查 特 點(diǎn).把握細(xì)節(jié)理解題的常見設(shè)問方式： 考 查 特 點(diǎn)選項(xiàng)特征選項(xiàng)特征解題流程細(xì)節(jié)理解題無論以怎樣的方式提問，考生都要記住一個(gè)解題原則“本本主義”，一切從原文出發(fā)，無需讀很多段落甚至全文后去歸納總結(jié)、分析推理，正確答案就對(duì)應(yīng)原文的某一處具體信息。第一步審讀題干和選項(xiàng)，回到原文定信息區(qū)間通過題干或選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞找到定位點(diǎn)，開始精讀文章直到下一題的定位區(qū)域出現(xiàn)。只有兩種情況需要向上找尋信息：定位到的信息為數(shù)字串，或舉例說明部分；出現(xiàn)了邏輯關(guān)系詞(therefore, so, as a result)或代詞(that, these, it)。解題流程第二步將選項(xiàng)和原文一一對(duì)比，求

27、同排異定答案利用“同義原則”，找出原文中與正確選項(xiàng)匹配的同義詞組，將原文出現(xiàn)的信息和選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行比對(duì)，確定正確選項(xiàng)。做任何閱讀理解題都不是找感覺，本質(zhì)上是找同義詞，解題時(shí)找出的同義詞組越多，答案就越準(zhǔn)確，這是解答細(xì)節(jié)理解題的基本方法。第二步將選項(xiàng)和原文一一對(duì)比，求同排異定答案高考英語復(fù)習(xí)：閱讀理解細(xì)節(jié)理解題(2019全國卷，A)Need a Job This Summer?The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs.The deadlines and

28、 what you need to apply depend on the program.Not a student？Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills，find a job or start businesses all year round. 典 例(2019全國卷，A) 典 例Jobs for YouthIf you are a teenager living in certain part

29、s of the province，you could be eligible(符合條件) for this program，which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.Who is eligible：Youth 1518 years old in select communities(社區(qū))Summer CompanySummer Company provides students with handson business training and awards of up to $3,000 to s

30、tart and run their own summer businesses.Who is eligible：Students aged 1529，returning to school in the fall.Jobs for YouthStewardship Youth Ranger ProgramYou could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer.Who is eligibl

31、e：Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire，but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.Summer Employment Opportunities (機(jī)會(huì))Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program，students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service，its related agencies and

32、 community groups.Who is eligible：Students aged 15 or older.Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.Stewardship Youth Ranger Progr1What is special about Summer Company?AIt requires no training before employment.BIt provides awards for running new busi

33、nesses.CIt allows one to work in the natural environment.DIt offers more summer job opportunities.2What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger Program?A1518.B1524.C1529.D1617.1What is special about Summer3Which program favors the disabled?AJobs for Youth.BSummer Company.CStewardship Y

34、outh Ranger Program.DSummer Employment Opportunities.解題思路第1題，根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Summer Company可迅速定位到原文信息句Summer Company provides students with handson business training and awards of $3,000 to start and run their own business.可知，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目為學(xué)生提供實(shí)際業(yè)務(wù)培訓(xùn)和高達(dá)三千美元的獎(jiǎng)金，故選_B_。3Which program favors the dis第2題，根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞the age ran

35、ge和Stewardship Youth Ranger Program快速定位到原文信息句“Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire，but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.”可知，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的年齡要求是16歲或17歲，且在今年12月31日前不能滿18歲，故選_D_。第3題，根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞the disabled(殘疾人)可直接定位到最后一則暑期工作公告中的persons with a disability，由此可知這個(gè)項(xiàng)目對(duì)殘疾人在年齡方面給予了特別照顧。故選_D_。高考英語復(fù)習(xí)：閱讀理解細(xì)節(jié)理解題

36、高考英語復(fù)習(xí)：閱讀理解細(xì)節(jié)理解題(2018全國卷B片段).When combined with berries or slices of other fruits，frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick，cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”For this purpose，select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter.Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or c

37、ontainers and freeze.If you like，a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown.Frozen bananas will last several weeks，depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer. 典 例(2018全國卷B片段) 典 例Why is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas?ATo make them sme

38、ll better.BTo keep their colour.CTo speed up their ripening.DTo improve their nutrition.解題思路仔細(xì)閱讀題干可知fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas為本題的定位關(guān)鍵詞，在原文中的If you like，a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown.可知，香蕉中放入少量的鮮檸檬汁可以使其不變棕色。故選_B_。Why is fresh lemon juic

39、e used高考英語復(fù)習(xí)：閱讀理解細(xì)節(jié)理解題(2018全國卷，C片段)At present, the world has about 6,800 languages.The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven.The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lost, often spoken by small numbers.Europe

40、 has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800.The median number(中位數(shù)) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than th

41、at. 典 例(2018全國卷，C片段) 典 例How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?AAbout 6,800.BAbout 3,400.CAbout 2,400.DAbout 1,200.解題思路根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞less than 6,000 people at present可定位到第三段最后一句The median number(中位數(shù)) of speakers is a mere 6,000，which means that half the worlds languages are sp

42、oken by fewer people than that可知，目前在世界范圍內(nèi)，不同語言的使用人數(shù)的中位數(shù)是6 000，這就意味著世界上有一半的語言的使用人數(shù)不到6 000。結(jié)合第三段第一句At present，the world has about 6,800 languages，我們可以計(jì)算出一共有6 800種語言的一半，即3 400種語言在被不到6 000人使用。故選_B_。How many languages are spoken高考英語復(fù)習(xí)：閱讀理解細(xì)節(jié)理解題(2017天津卷，B片段)Fifteen years ago, I took a summer vacation in Lecce in southern Italy.After climbing up a hill for a panoramic (全景的) view of the blue sea, white buildings and green olive trees, I paused to catch my breath and then pos