NotesOnFinancialExpressions-A(4)金融專業(yè)術(shù)語注解

1、NotesOnFinancialExpressions-A (4)金融專業(yè)術(shù)語注解accounting equation 會(huì)計(jì)等式 The fundamental balance sheetequation： assets = liabilities + net worth.Accounting principles board (APB) 會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則委員會(huì) 由美國會(huì)計(jì)師協(xié)會(huì)(American Institute of Certified Public Accoutans )指派之會(huì)計(jì)團(tuán)體，其主要功能是制定經(jīng)濟(jì)交易事項(xiàng)的會(huì)計(jì)原則。該團(tuán)體于1973年已由財(cái)務(wù)會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則委員會(huì)(Financial Ac

2、counting Standards Board ；FASB)取代。Accounts payable 應(yīng)付賬款1. 公司以賒賬方式購進(jìn)商品、原物料及其他交易事項(xiàng)所產(chǎn)生的應(yīng)付未付款。應(yīng)付賬款一般于短期必需償付，會(huì)計(jì)上列為流淌負(fù)債，在財(cái)務(wù)的觀點(diǎn)，應(yīng)付賬款可視為視供給商對(duì)公司的短期資金融通。2.Money which a company owes to vendors for products and servicespurchased on credit. This item appears on the company s balancesheet as a current liability,

3、 since the expectation is that theliability will be fulfilled in less than a year. When accountspayable are paid off, it represents a negative cash flow for thecompany.accounts receivable aging應(yīng)收賬款賬齡 A periodic reportshowing all outstanding receivable balances, broken down bycustomer and month due.A

4、ccounts receivable financing應(yīng)收賬款融資1.企業(yè)將銷貨或營運(yùn)產(chǎn)生之應(yīng)收賬款讓售(factoring )以取得短期資金的一種融通方式。2.The selling of a company s accounts receivable, at a discount,to a factor, who then assumes the risk of the account debtors andreceives cash as the debtors settle their accounts. A firm thatsells its accounts receivabl

5、e may not be confident of its abilityto collect those debts, or might think that the cost of collectingthat debt is more than the discount which must be provided to thefactor when of selling their receivables. also called accountsreceivable financing.accounts receivable turnover應(yīng)收賬款周轉(zhuǎn)次數(shù) The averaged

6、uration of an account receivable, equal to total credit salesdivided by accounts receivable.Accounts receivable 應(yīng)收賬款 公司以賒賬方式銷售商品、供應(yīng)勞務(wù)或其他交易事項(xiàng)所產(chǎn)生的應(yīng)收未收款。應(yīng)收賬款一般于短期內(nèi)收現(xiàn)，列為流淌資產(chǎn)，是公司日常營運(yùn)的必要投資，也是公司對(duì)客戶的短期資金融通。accredited investor合格投資者 The SEC designation for anaccredited investorindividual or entity meeting any

7、 of the criteria listed below.Certain restricted offerings, limited partnerships, and angelinvestor networks are open only to accredited investors. oppositeof nonaccredited investor.SEC criteria：Any director, executive officer, or general partner of theissuer of the securities being offered or sold,

8、 or any director,executive officer or general partner of a general partner of thatissuer.Any natural person whose individual net worth, or joint networth with that person s spouse, at the time of his purchase exceeds$1,000,000.Any natural person who had individual income in excess of$200,000 in each

9、 of the two most recent years or joint income withthat person s spouse in excess of $300,000 in each of those yearsand has a reasonable expectation of reaching the same income levelin the current year.Any trust with total assets in excess of $5,000,000, not formedfor the specific purpose of acquirin

10、g the securities offered, whosepurchase of the securities is directed by a person who has suchknowledge and experience in financial and business matters that heis capable of evaluating the merits and risks of the prospectiveinvestment.Any organization that was not formed for the purpose ofacquiring

11、the securities being sold, with total assets in excessof $5,000,000.And, any entity in which all of the equity owners are AccreditedInvestors.accreted value 遞 增 價(jià) 值 The current value of yourzero-coupon municipal bond, taking into account interest that hasbeen accumulating and automatically reinveste

12、d in the bond.accreting swap 遞增互換 非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)利率互換的一種，遞減互換的對(duì)稱，指在整個(gè)互換交易期間，資本額由小到大逐步增加的一種非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)利率互換。遞增互換比擬適合借款額在工程期內(nèi)漸漸增多的要求。Accretion 增值1. 折價(jià)債券在到期時(shí)，由于價(jià)格漸漸接近面值所累積的資本利得。2.Asset growth, by internal expansion or acquisition.accretion bond 遞增債券 O ften the last tranche in a CMO, theaccretion bond, or Z-tranche, receive

13、s no cash payments for anextended period of time until the previous tranches are retired.While the other tranches are outstanding, the Z-tranche receivescredit for periodic interest payments that increase its face valuebut are not paid out. When the other tranches are retired, theZ-tranche begins to

14、 receive cash payments that include bothprincipal and continuing interest.Accrual accounting 權(quán)責(zé)會(huì)計(jì) 在發(fā)生的時(shí)點(diǎn)認(rèn)列收益或費(fèi)用，而非以現(xiàn)金收付與否為準(zhǔn)的會(huì)計(jì)方法。也稱為應(yīng)記根底會(huì)計(jì)。accrual basis 權(quán)責(zé)發(fā)生制原則權(quán)責(zé)應(yīng)計(jì)基準(zhǔn)1. 會(huì)計(jì)記賬方法，按收入和支出權(quán)責(zé)的實(shí)際發(fā)生時(shí)間來記賬，而不理睬是否已經(jīng)收到或支出款項(xiàng)。與此方式相對(duì)的另一種記賬方法為現(xiàn)金準(zhǔn)則cashbasis記賬法。2.The most commonly used accounting method, which reports

15、 incomewhen earned and expenses when incurred, as opposed to cash basisaccounting, which reports income when received and expenses whenpaid. Under the accrual method, companies do have some discretionas to when income and expenses are recognized, but there are rulesgoverning the recognition. In addi

16、tion, companies are required tomake prudent estimates against revenues that are recorded but maynot be received, called a bad debt expense.Accrual bond 應(yīng)記債券1. 又稱Z債券，是擔(dān)保抵押債券的一個(gè)分類，通常以遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于面值的價(jià)格出售。它以事先商定的利率計(jì)息，但利息不是直接支付給投資者，而是計(jì)入尚未償付的本金余額。這一累積過程始終持續(xù)到債券價(jià)值接近本金，后發(fā)的債券已購回，累積債券變成持續(xù)付款的債券。此時(shí)，累積債券開頭償付本金。2.A bond w

17、hich pays no coupons, is sold at a deep discount to itsface value, and matures at its face value. An accrual bond has theimportant advantage of being free of reinvestment risk, though thedownside is that there is no opportunity to enjoy the effects ofa rise in market interest rates. Also, such bonds

18、 tend to be verysensitive to changes in interest rates, since there are no couponpayments to reduce the impact of interest rate changes. In addition,markets for zero-coupon bonds are relatively illiquid. Under U.S.tax law, the imputed interest on a zero-coupon bond is taxable asit accrues, even thou

19、gh there is no cash flow. also calledzero-coupon bond.accrual discount 應(yīng)計(jì)貼現(xiàn)1. 低于面值購入的貼現(xiàn)債券，每年應(yīng)將貼現(xiàn)收入攤?cè)胭~面價(jià)值。2.The annual addition to book value contributed by bonds purchasedbelow.accrued benefit應(yīng)計(jì)收益 Pension benefit that an employeehas earned based on his or her years of service at a company. Accruedbe

20、nefits are often calculated in relation to the employee s salaryscale.accrued benefitaccrued dividend 應(yīng) 計(jì) 股 利 A regular dividend that isconsidered to be earned but not declared or payable.Accrued interest 應(yīng)付利息 待付利息1.已發(fā)生而尚未支付的利息費(fèi)用。2.自上次利息支付后累計(jì)的債券利息。這種債券的購置者要支付市場(chǎng)價(jià)加累計(jì)的應(yīng)計(jì)利息。被違約債券和收益?zhèn)辉诖死?.Interest tha

21、t is due on a bond or other fixed income security sincethe last interest payment was made. This often occurs for bondspurchased on the secondary market, since bonds usually pay interestevery six months, but the interest is accrued by the bondholderson a day-to-day basis. When a bond is sold, the buyer pays the sellerthe market price plus the accrued interest, for which the buyer willbe reimbursed when the issuer pays next pays interest. Accruedinterest is calculated on a 30-day month/360-day year for corporatebonds and municipal bonds, and on actual-calendar-days