口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件

1、The Development and Component of a Tooth Unit 4口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件1The Development and Component口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件2口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件2口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件3口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件3Development of a toothA tooth and its surroundingsComponents of a toothThe Development and Component of a Tooth口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件4A tooth and its surroundingsCoComponent of a To

2、othDentineEnamelCementumPulpMineralized Tissue口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件5Component of a ToothDentineEna96%97% inorganic material 無機(jī)物（chiefly hydroxyapatite 羥基磷灰石）1% organic material 有機(jī)物釉原蛋白、非釉原蛋白、蛋白酶和脂類引導(dǎo)釉質(zhì)晶體生長(zhǎng)、粘結(jié)晶體和釉質(zhì)作用Enamel （The hardest and most highly calcified biological tissue known）Enamel Ectodermal origin 來

3、源于外胚層3%4% water結(jié)合水和游離水口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件696%97% inorganic material 無機(jī)物EnamelMillions of rods/prisms 釉柱Enamel rodsFrom enamel-dentinal junction 釉牙本質(zhì)界To tooth surface向窩溝底部集中，呈放射狀在牙頸部排列成水平狀口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件7EnamelMillions of rods/prisms Enamel rodsComposed of apatite crystals 磷灰石晶體Mainly hydroxyapatite 羥基磷灰石Rod sheat

4、h 釉柱鞘Controversial 有爭(zhēng)議的Higher content of organic material 有機(jī)物Different crystal orientation 晶體排列方向球拍樣口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件8Enamel rodsComposed of apatite70% inorganic material磷灰石晶體、微量元素18% organic materialI型膠原蛋白、非膠原蛋白Dentine（ The 2nd most highly mineralized tissue ）Dentine12% water口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件970% inorganic mater

5、ial18% orgaDentinal tubulesFrom pulpTo enamel-dentinal junction 釉牙本質(zhì)界Wide in the pulp side Narrow in the enamel side口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件10Dentinal tubulesFrom pulp口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英Inorganic material 65%Organic material（collagen 膠原 18%CementumCementumWater 12%口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件11Inorganic material 65%OrgaSimilar to bone differenc

6、eNo vascularity(血管 )Contain cementocytes（成牙骨質(zhì)細(xì)胞）口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件12Similar to bone口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件12PulpConnective tissue 結(jié)締組織Nerves 神經(jīng)Blood vessels 血管Lymph vessels 淋巴管Lined by odontoblasts 成牙本質(zhì)細(xì)胞口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件13PulpConnective tissue 結(jié)締組織NervOdontoblast 成牙本質(zhì)細(xì)胞位于牙髓周圍，呈柱狀緊接前期牙本質(zhì)排列成一層主要功能：形成牙本質(zhì)口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件14Odontoblast 成

7、牙本質(zhì)細(xì)胞位于牙髓周圍，呈柱狀緊接小結(jié)Each tooth has four main parts, including the following:enamel - the outer layer of the tooth. dentin - the inner layer and the main part of the tooth. cementum- only found on the underside of the tooth.pulp - part of the inside of the tooth that contains the nerve and other delic

8、ate tissue. 口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件15小結(jié)Each tooth has four main parA tooth and its surroundings口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件16A tooth and its surroundings口腔Periodontium 牙周組織Maintain a tooth in its functional position 支持牙的功能Gingiva 牙齦Periodontal ligament 牙周膜Alveolar bone 牙槽骨口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件17Periodontium 牙周組織Maintain a Gingiva 牙齦Mucosa w

9、hich surrounds the teeth Free gingiva 游離齦 Attached gingiva 附著齦 Interdental papilla 齦乳頭牙齦上皮gingival epithelium 齦溝上皮salcular epithelium 結(jié)合上皮junctional epithelium 齦谷上皮固有層: 膠原纖維神經(jīng)、血管口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件18Gingiva 牙齦Mucosa which surrounFree gingiva 游離齦Terminal edge of gingiva 牙齦邊緣Surrounds the tooth in collar fashi

10、onForms the soft tissue wall of the gingival sulcus 齦溝（0.5-3mm平均1.8mm)口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件19Free gingiva 游離齦Terminal edge Attached gingiva 附著齦 Continuous with the free gingiva By a shallow linear depression, the free gingiva groove 游離齦溝 Tightly bound (緊密附著)to the underlying periosteum of alveolar bone(牙槽骨骨膜)口

11、腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件20Attached gingiva 附著齦 ContinuouSurface stippling 點(diǎn)彩: increase abrasive resistance 增強(qiáng)對(duì)機(jī)械摩擦的抵抗口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件21Surface stippling 點(diǎn)彩: increaseInterdental gingivaOccupies the interproximal space beneath area of teeth contact 牙間隙Pyramidal (錐) or col (谷)shape口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件22Interdental gingivaOccupies th

12、Periodontal ligament 牙周韌帶Also called periodontal membrane牙周膜Locates between alveolar bone and the rootSupportive 支持功能主要纖維一端埋入牙骨質(zhì)，一端埋入牙槽骨將牙固定在牙槽窩中組成：纖維、基質(zhì)、細(xì)胞、血管口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件23Periodontal ligament 牙周韌帶Also Periodontal ligament 牙周韌帶主纖維：牙槽嵴組alveolar crest group起于牙槽嵴頂，止于釉牙骨質(zhì)界下方的牙骨質(zhì)將牙向牙槽窩內(nèi)牽引，對(duì)抗側(cè)方力，保持牙直立口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英

13、語講義課件24Periodontal ligament 牙周韌帶主纖維：口水平組 horizontal group維持牙直立的主要力量與牙槽嵴纖維共同對(duì)抗側(cè)方力，防止牙側(cè)方移動(dòng)口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件25水平組 horizontal group口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件斜行組oblique group牙周膜中數(shù)量最多、力量最強(qiáng)的一組纖維向根方傾斜約45度這種結(jié)構(gòu)可均勻分散咀嚼壓力到牙槽骨上限制牙的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件26斜行組oblique group口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件26根尖組apical group 固定牙根尖，保護(hù)進(jìn)出根尖孔的血管和神經(jīng)根間組interradicular group只存在于多

14、根牙防止牙根向冠方移動(dòng)口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件27根尖組apical group口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件27Periodontal ligament 牙周韌帶功能Sensory 感覺動(dòng)能豐富的神經(jīng)和末梢感受器對(duì)疼痛和壓力、輕叩和震動(dòng)有敏銳的感覺通過神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的傳導(dǎo)和反射調(diào)節(jié)和緩沖咀嚼力口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件28Periodontal ligament 牙周韌帶功能SenNutrition 營養(yǎng)作用 營養(yǎng)牙周膜本身，也營養(yǎng)牙骨質(zhì)和牙槽骨Homeostatic 形成功能不斷更新改建牙周膜保證牙和牙周膜的正常附著聯(lián)系口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件29Nutrition 營養(yǎng)作用口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件29Alveolar b

15、oneAlso called alveolar process 牙槽突 Alveolar bone proper 固有牙槽骨Dense bone 密質(zhì)骨Cancellous bone 松質(zhì)骨口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件30Alveolar boneAlso called alveoAlveolar bone proper 固有牙槽骨Contains many small perforations 多孔 through which blood vessels and nerves reach the periodontal space血管和神經(jīng)進(jìn)入牙周膜Known as cribriform plate

16、 篩狀板口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件31Alveolar bone proper 固有牙槽骨Cont密質(zhì)骨牙槽骨的外表部分，即頜骨內(nèi)、外骨板的延伸部分厚度不一上頜牙槽骨唇面密質(zhì)骨很薄，舌側(cè)厚下頜牙槽骨密質(zhì)骨比上頜厚口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件32密質(zhì)骨牙槽骨的外表部分，即頜骨內(nèi)、外骨板的延伸部分口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英松質(zhì)骨位于密質(zhì)骨和固有牙槽骨之間由骨小梁trabecular和骨髓marrow組成骨小梁的粗細(xì)、數(shù)量和排列方向 與所承擔(dān)的咀嚼力相關(guān) 承受較大咀嚼力的區(qū)域，骨小梁粗大致密 無功能的牙或承擔(dān)咀嚼力小的牙，骨小梁細(xì)小口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件33松質(zhì)骨位于密質(zhì)骨和固有牙槽骨之間口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件33牙槽骨的生物學(xué)特性

17、高度可塑性 人體骨骼最活躍的部分 受壓力被吸收，受牽引力增生正畸治療 Orthodontic treatment牽張成骨Distraction Osteogenesis 口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件34牙槽骨的生物學(xué)特性高度可塑性口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件34小結(jié)A tooth and its surroundingsGingiva 牙齦Mucosa which surrounds the teeth Free gingiva Attached gingiva Interdental papillaPeriodontal ligamentAlveolar bone alveolar crest grouph

18、orizontal groupoblique groupapical groupinterradicular groupAlveolar bone properDense bone Cancellous bone口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件35小結(jié)A tooth and its surroundings口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件36口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件36Development of tooth口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件37Development of tooth口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課Process Beginning Finish Eruption Replacement胚胎第7周 20 歲Growth stage

19、: （牙胚的形成和發(fā)育） Calcification: （牙體硬組織的形成）Eruption stage: （牙的萌出）口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件38Process Beginning Finish牙發(fā)育過程Growth stage: （牙胚的形成和發(fā)育） Calcification: （牙體硬組織的形成）Eruption stage: （牙的萌出）口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件39牙發(fā)育過程Growth stage: （牙胚的形成Complex cellular and biochemical process 復(fù)雜的細(xì)胞作用和生物化學(xué)作用過程Growth stage:（牙胚的形成和發(fā)育）口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件

20、40Complex cellular and biochemicThe epithelium(上皮) thickens in a U-shape band in the area of the future alveolar processes(牙槽突）Form primary epithelium band(原發(fā)性上皮帶)Differentiate into Vestibular lamina(前庭板) and Dental lamina(牙板) thickenDental lamina(牙板) 牙胚口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件41The epithelium(上皮) thickens inDuri

21、ng the 7th week of intra-uterine life Epithelium(上皮) thickens in a U-shaped band Primary epithelial band原發(fā)性上皮帶口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件42During the 7th week of intra-uprimary epithelial band （原發(fā)性上皮帶）（前庭板）vestibular lamina and dental lamina（牙板）the vestibule of the oral cavity deciduous teeth and（形成口腔前庭 ） permanent

22、dental lamina （乳牙胚、 恒牙牙板 ） permanent teeth （恒牙） 口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件43primary epithelial band （原發(fā)性上皮牙胚是發(fā)育形成牙的胚胎性組織 牙胚的組成：成釉器（enamel organ）:源于外胚層牙乳頭（dental papilla）:源于外胚層間充質(zhì) 牙囊（dental follicle）:源于外胚層間充質(zhì)口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件44牙胚是發(fā)育形成牙的胚胎性組織 口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件44蕾狀期（Bud stage）：上皮細(xì)胞在形態(tài)上、功能上的變化是極微小的。 帽狀期(Cap stage)：上皮細(xì)胞開始有組織分化和形態(tài)分化，形

23、成外釉上皮、內(nèi)釉上皮和星網(wǎng)狀層細(xì)胞。 鐘狀期( Bell stage)：既有組織分化又有形態(tài)分化，最顯著的特點(diǎn)是出現(xiàn)了中間層,它是確定鐘狀期的標(biāo)志。 Development of the enamel organ （成釉器）口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件45Development of the enamel orga蕾狀期（Bud stage）Ten samll localizaed thickenings of the dental laminaThe bud of primary teeth胚胎第八周；牙板末端膨大，似花蕾；細(xì)胞立方或矮柱狀，增生，無分化。口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件46蕾狀期（Bud st

24、age）Ten samll locali口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件47口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件47帽狀期（cap stage）The bud undergoes peripheral proliferation into the mensenchymeForm the tooth cap 胚胎第9-10周；細(xì)胞增生并發(fā)生分化；似帽狀。 分化為三層細(xì)胞外釉上皮（outer enamel epithelium）內(nèi)釉上皮（inner enamel epithelium ） 星網(wǎng)狀層（stellate reticulum） 口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件48帽狀期（cap stage）The bud undergoe口腔

25、醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件49口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件49鐘狀期（bell stage ）Further peripheral proliferationresembels a bellHistodifferentiation commences （組織分化開始）胚胎第11-12周；上皮內(nèi)陷，周緣生長(zhǎng)，形似吊鐘。 分化為四層細(xì)胞外釉上皮（outer enamel epithelium）內(nèi)釉上皮（inner enamel epithelium ） 星網(wǎng)狀層（stellate reticulum）中間層（stratum intermedium）口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件50鐘狀期（bell stage ）Furthe

26、r periphBasal cell inner enamel epithelium（內(nèi) 釉上皮） outer enamel epithelium （外釉上皮）Assume a star-shaped appearancestellate reticulum（星網(wǎng)狀層） flatten squamous-type（鱗狀） cellstratum intermedium（中間層）口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件51Basal cell inne口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件52口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件52dental papilla （牙乳頭）In the invagination(內(nèi)陷）of the deep spac

27、e of the epithelial organSurrouding the outer enamal epithelium 口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件53dental papilla （牙乳頭）In the inv the enamel organ （成釉器）The epithelial organ constitutes the enamel organ connected to the oral epithielium(口腔上皮） by a thinned dental lamina(牙板 )口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件54 the enamel organ （成釉器）TheCalcificatio

28、n（牙體硬組織的形成）Components of the tooth germ（牙胚） ：enamel organ（成釉器）: give rise to enamel(牙釉質(zhì))dental papilla （牙乳頭）: give rise to pulp and dentine（牙本質(zhì)、牙髓）dental follicle（牙囊）: give rise to cementum，the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone （牙骨質(zhì)、牙周膜、牙槽骨）口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件55Calcification（牙體硬組織的形成）Compone口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件56

29、口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件56(Root)牙根的形成Arise from the cervical loop (頸環(huán)）stellate reticulum（星網(wǎng)狀層）and intermediate cell combine（中間層）an epithelial mebrane Form Hertwigs epithelial root sheath （上皮根鞘）Proliferation （單根牙及多根牙的形成）口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件57(Root)牙根的形成Arise from the cerv口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件58口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件58(Dentine)牙本質(zhì)的形成Cell on the pe

30、riphery （外周）of the dental papilla(牙乳頭） Differentiate into odontoblast（成牙本質(zhì)細(xì)胞）Dentine fomation dental papilla changes to dental pulp（牙髓)口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件59(Dentine)牙本質(zhì)的形成Cell on the per（Enamel）牙釉質(zhì)形成Predentine(前期牙本質(zhì)） induce the cell become the ameloblast(成牙釉質(zhì)細(xì)胞） form the enamel口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件60（Enamel）牙釉質(zhì)形成Preden

31、tine(前期牙本質(zhì)）（cementum）牙骨質(zhì)的形成Form the amelocemental junction(釉牙骨質(zhì)界）Cementum form in association with the root sheath（根鞘）the root sheath persist as the cell of Malassez (Malassez上皮剩余）口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件61（cementum）牙骨質(zhì)的形成Form the amelo（Periodontal tissue)牙周形成Periodontal ligament fiber (牙周膜纖維） attach the cememtum

32、 to the alveolar bone（牙槽骨）口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件62（Periodontal tissue)牙周形成Period牙的萌出（tooth eruption）After completion of the crown口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件63牙的萌出（tooth eruption）After comp口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件64口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件64總結(jié)牙體的組織來源： 成釉器牙釉質(zhì)牙胚 牙乳頭牙本質(zhì)、牙髓 牙骨質(zhì)（內(nèi)層） 牙囊 牙周韌帶（中層） 牙槽骨（外層） 口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件65總結(jié)牙體的組織來源：口腔醫(yī)學(xué)英語講義課件65總結(jié)牙的發(fā)育過程：a complex cellular and biochemical process Growth stage: Formation of dental lamina （牙胚） Development of tooth budCalcification: Formation