Chapter7BloodCirculation血液循環(huán)-課件

1、Chapter 7 Blood Circulation （血液循環(huán)）Section 1 SummaryBlood circulation (血液循環(huán)): Def : Blood continuously circulatory flows in cardiovascular system (是指血液在心血管系統(tǒng)內(nèi)周而復(fù)始地循環(huán)流動(dòng))Chapter 7 Blood Circulation Heart (心臟): Muscle-pump , dynamic organ. (肌肉泵, 動(dòng)力器官)Artery (動(dòng)脈): The vessel which can guide blood to leav

2、e heart and flow into tissues. (引導(dǎo)血液離開心臟流向各組織器官的管道). exchange.(進(jìn)行物質(zhì)交換的場(chǎng)所)Heart (心臟): Muscle-pump , dynVein (靜脈): The vessel which can guide blood to return heart. (引導(dǎo)血液回心的管道)Capillary (毛細(xì)血管) : The place of substanceVein (靜脈): The vessel which cSection 2 The Structures and Functions of Myocardium (心肌

3、的結(jié)構(gòu)與機(jī)能特性)1.Autorhythmicity (自動(dòng)節(jié)律性)Def: The ability of an excitable cell to rhythmically initiate its own action potentials (組織細(xì)胞能自動(dòng)發(fā)生節(jié)律性興奮的特性)衡量指標(biāo): The frequency of automatic excitation (自動(dòng)興奮的頻率)Section 2 The Structures and F2.Functional Synplasm（機(jī)能合胞體）Structure basis : Intercalated disc (閏盤) 心肌的機(jī)能合

4、體性 The phenomenon of all or none in the myocardial （心肌收縮的“全或無”現(xiàn)象）2.Functional Synplasm（機(jī)能合胞體）St3.Specific Conduction System (特殊傳導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)) The types of myocardium cell (心肌細(xì)胞的類型): (1)Normal myocardium (普通的心肌細(xì)胞 ): 工作細(xì)胞 (非自律細(xì)胞),包括心房肌、心室肌, 具興奮性,傳導(dǎo)性,收縮性,無自律性3.Specific Conduction System (working cardiac cell (n

5、on-autorhythmic cell)： include atrial muscle and ventricular muscle, have excitability , conductivity, and contractibility, non-autorhythmicity. working cardiac cell (non-aut(2)Specific myocardium (特殊分化的心肌細(xì)胞 ): 自律細(xì)胞和非自律細(xì)胞,包括P細(xì)胞、浦肯野氏細(xì)胞與結(jié)區(qū)細(xì)胞,自律細(xì)胞有興奮性,自律性和傳導(dǎo)性,基本無收縮性,具有產(chǎn)生和傳導(dǎo)節(jié)律性興奮的能力(2)Specific myocardiu

6、m (特殊分化的心Rhythmic cell and non-autorhythmic cell, include P cell and Purkinje cell, have excitability, autorhythmicity and conductivity, no contractibility, also have capacity to produce and conduct rhythmic excitationRhythmic cell and non-autorhyt Sino-artrial node (S-A node, 竇房結(jié)) Artrio-ventricula

7、r node (A-V node ,房室結(jié)) atrioventricular bundle 0.05m/s and bilateral bundles (房室束及左右束支) 2-5m/s Purkinje fiber(浦肯野氏纖維) 2-5m/s Fig. 7-14 atrioventricular delay (房室延擱) and its significance : Sino-artrial node (S-A node, Pacemaker(正常起搏點(diǎn))： S-A node , right atrium intine wall (竇房結(jié),右心房?jī)?nèi)壁) Latent pacemaker(

8、潛在起搏點(diǎn)): A kind of autorhythmic tissue which dont express autorhythmicity in normal circumstances.(正常情況下不表現(xiàn)本身自律性的自律組織) Pacemaker(正常起搏點(diǎn))： Ectopic pacemaker(異位起搏點(diǎn)) : The latent pacemaker which can control cardiac excitation and palmus in abnormal circumstances. (異常情況下控制心臟興奮和跳動(dòng)的潛在起搏點(diǎn)) Artificial pacemak

9、er (人工起博器) Ectopic pacemaker(異位起搏點(diǎn)) :4.The AP of myocardial cell - bioeletricity phenomenon of myocardial cell (心肌細(xì)胞的AP-心肌細(xì)胞的生物電現(xiàn)象)4.The AP of myocardial cell - (1)Different from the skeletal muscle. (不同于骨骼肌) (2)Different types of myocardial cell have different transmembrane potential extent, persis

10、tent time, wave forms and mechanism. (不同的心肌細(xì)胞，其跨膜電位的幅度、持續(xù) 時(shí)間、波形、產(chǎn)生機(jī)制亦不相同) (1)Different from theMechanism of AP :0期: 去極,鈉內(nèi)流(快通道)1期: 快速復(fù)極初期,鉀通過瞬時(shí)性外向鉀外流通道外流, 膜內(nèi)電位降至0mv左右2期: 緩慢復(fù)極期又叫平臺(tái)期,鈣和少量鈉通過慢通道的 內(nèi)流與少量鉀外流相持Mechanism of AP :0期: 去極,鈉內(nèi)流(快通3期: 快速復(fù)極末期,膜對(duì)鉀的通透性 升高,鉀外流 膜電位由0mv 降至-90mv4期: 靜息期 細(xì)胞膜的離子轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)機(jī)能 加強(qiáng)Mecha

11、nism:3期: 快速復(fù)極末期,膜對(duì)鉀的通透性 5. The refractory period of the heart (心臟的不應(yīng)期)(1) Absolute refractory period & effective refractory period, ARP&ERP (絕對(duì)不應(yīng)期與有效不應(yīng)期): 0 -55mv, -60mv , cant generate AP.AP 5. The refractory period of (2) Relative refractory period, RRP (相對(duì)不應(yīng)期): -60 -80mv, threshold intensity (閾強(qiáng)度

12、), can cause AP.(3) Superanormal period, SNP(超常期): -80 -90mv, threshold intensity ,can causeFig.7-16(2) Relative refractory periodSignificance of Long Time Effective Eefractory Period (有效不應(yīng)期長(zhǎng)的意義):Premature systole or extrasystole & compensatory pause (期前收縮與代償間歇) Fig. 7-17 Significance of Long Time E

13、ff6.Electrocardiogram, ECG (心電圖) Basic waveform (基本波形): P , QRS, TSignificance: P: QRS: T: P-R period Fig. 7-18 7-206.Electrocardiogram, ECG (心電圖)Section 3 The Dynamics Change of Cardiac Cycle (心動(dòng)周期的力學(xué)變化) 1.Def. Cardiac cycle (心動(dòng)周期) : The whole cycle of systole and diastole (心臟由收縮到舒張的整個(gè)過程)Section 3

14、The Dynamics Change 2.The blood ejection process of heart (心臟的射血過程)(1)Period of atrial systole (心房收縮期): end-diastolic volume (心舒末期容積) (2)Period of ventricular systole (心室收縮期)：2.The blood ejection process oPeriod of isovolumic contraction (等容收縮期): Semilunar valve is still closed , atrioventricular va

15、lve is closed (半月瓣仍關(guān),房室瓣關(guān)閉)Period of isovolumic contractPeriod of rapid blood ejection (快速射血期): Semilunar valve is opened, ejectingblood (半月瓣開,射血) Period of slow blood ejection (減慢射血期): End-systolic volume (心縮末期容積 )Period of rapid blood ejecti(3) Period of Ventricular Diastole (心室舒張期)： Period of iso

16、volumic relaxation (等容舒張期): Semilunar valve is closed , atrioventricular valve is closed (半月瓣關(guān),房室瓣仍關(guān)) (3) Period of Ventricular Dia Period of rapid filling (快速充盈期): Atrioventricular valve is opened. (房室瓣開) Period of reduced filling(減慢充盈期): Fig 7-22 Period of rapid filling (快速充3.Heart Sound (心音) Firs

17、t heart sound (第一心音) : The tone is low and long, mostly caused by closing of atrioventricular valve, it is the symbol of cardiac contraction. (音調(diào)低而長(zhǎng), 主要由于房室瓣關(guān)閉引起, 標(biāo)志心室收縮開始)3.Heart Sound (心音) First heartSecond heart sound (第二心音) : The tone is high and short, mainly caused by the close of semilunar va

18、lve, the symbol of cardiac relaxation . (音調(diào)高而短,主要由于半月瓣關(guān)閉引起,標(biāo)志心室舒張開始)Second heart sound (第二心音) : TSection 4 Cardiac Output and Its Regulation (心輸出量及其調(diào)節(jié)) Cardiac output (心輸出量) : The volume of blood pumped by each ventricle per minute; equal to the stroke work output times the heart rate per minute.(一側(cè)

19、心室每分鐘射出的血量)Section 4 Cardiac Output and ICardiac Output = Heart RateStroke VolumeCO=HRSV =75 70 =5250（ml）Cardiac Output = CO (Cardiac output) quiet (安靜時(shí))：5L/min movement (運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí))： 180-200 150-170 25-30L/min Cardiac reserve (心力貯備) CO (Cardiac output) CardiMaximal output (最大輸出量): Maximal volume of blood

20、pumped by each ventricle per minute.(一側(cè)心室每分鐘射出的最大血量)Cardiac reserve(心力貯備):The ability that cardiac output increases along with the need of body metabolism.(心輸出量隨機(jī)體代謝需要而增加的能力)Maximal output (最大輸出量): Heart rate reserve (心率貯備) : 2-2.5 times 200 beat/min Stroke volume reserve: 140ml 160 ( ml ) 15 Reserv

21、e of relaxation period 145 70 75 55 Reserve of contraction period 20 (搏出量貯備)(舒張期貯備) 15 ml(收縮期貯備) 55-60 ml Heart rate reserve (心率貯備) :(搏1. The Regulation of Heat Rate (心率的調(diào)節(jié))Nerve regulation (神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)): Sympathetic nerve (交感神經(jīng)) (+) Vagus nerve (迷走神經(jīng)) (-) Tab. 7-2Hormone regulation(激素調(diào)節(jié)): adrenal hormone

22、腎上腺素 (+)1. The Regulation of Heat Rate2.Regulation of cardiac output (心搏量的調(diào)節(jié))(1)Heterometric autoregulation (異長(zhǎng)調(diào)節(jié)) Cardiac regulation (心臟自身的調(diào)節(jié)) Cardiac law (心臟定律) Fig 7-292.Regulation of cardiac output (2) Homometric Regulation (等長(zhǎng)調(diào)節(jié)) Nerve regulation (神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)) sympathetic nerve (交感神經(jīng)) (+) vagus nerve

23、(迷走神經(jīng)) (-) (2) Homometric Regulation (等長(zhǎng)Hormone regulation (激素調(diào)節(jié)) adrenal hormone (腎上腺素) (+) , thyroid hormone (甲狀腺素) (+)Hormone regulation (激素調(diào)節(jié)) Section 5 Physiology of Blood Vessel (血管生理)1.Structures and function characters of various vessels (各類血管的結(jié)構(gòu)與機(jī)能特點(diǎn))Section 5 Physiology of Bloo一一 Artery (動(dòng)

24、脈)1)Aorta (大動(dòng)脈) windvessel vessel (彈性貯器血管)Function：buffering high pressure are related to continual flow of blood(緩沖高壓與血流的持續(xù)流動(dòng)有關(guān)) Elasticity and age (彈性與年齡): Artery (動(dòng)脈)1)Aorta (大動(dòng)脈)Funct 2)Distribution vessel (分配血管) Function: Transfusing blood to organs and tissues (輸送血液至器官組織) 2)Distribution vessel

25、 (分 3)Arteriole (微動(dòng)脈) Resistance vessel before capillary (Cap前阻力血管) Structure characters : Vessel wall is mainly smooth muscle(SM). (管壁以平滑肌為主. ) 3)Arteriole (微動(dòng)脈) ResistaFunction： Regulating peripheral resistance/BP; 調(diào)節(jié)外周阻力/ BP calamus is small, and velocity of flow is high; (管徑小,流速快) Function：Funct

26、ion： Controlling local hemoperfusion , blood flow is directly proportional to r4 , and relates to continuous flow of blood. (控制局部血液灌流量, 血流量與r4成正比 與血流持續(xù)有關(guān))Function： Controlling local he Blood pressure fall (血壓降落):aorta (主大A) small artery (小A) arteriole(微A) Blood pressure fall (血壓降落):Vein (靜脈) Capacit

27、ance vessel (容量血管) Function: Contain 60-70% blood (容納60-70%的血) Vein (靜脈) Capacitance vesselCapillary (毛細(xì)血管) Exchange vessel Structure and function characters (結(jié)構(gòu)與機(jī)能特點(diǎn)): 管壁很薄,只有一層內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞和一層很薄的基膜,內(nèi)皮層可有空隙,孔道等,故通透性很大,血管內(nèi)的血液與血管外的組織液間能夠進(jìn)行物質(zhì)交換.Capillary (毛細(xì)血管) Ex Exchange vessel (交換血管) Function：The place wher

28、e substances exchange (物質(zhì)交換的場(chǎng)所) Exchange vessel (交換血管) 2.Blood Pressure and Its Measuration (血壓與血壓的測(cè)定) BP (血壓):The force exerted by the blood against any unit area of vessel wall (血液對(duì)單位面積血管壁的側(cè)壓力)Unit(單位): kPa/mmHg2.Blood Pressure and Its Measu(1)The Mensuration of Blood Pressure (血壓的測(cè)定) 測(cè)側(cè)壓 直接測(cè)定法血壓的

29、測(cè)定 測(cè)終端壓 間接測(cè)定法(1)The Mensuration of Blood Pr(2) The Forming of Blood Pressure (血壓的形成)Basic factors： Enough blood volume in cardiovascular center (心血管內(nèi)有足夠的血量) Ventricular ejection (心室射血 ) Peripheral resistance (外周阻力)(2) The Forming of Blood Press(3) Arterial blood pressure (動(dòng)脈血壓)Systolic pressure(收縮壓)

30、 When ventricle is contracting, the maximal arterial pressure is called the systolic pressure . (心室收縮時(shí)動(dòng)脈壓升到的最高值)Normal (正常值): 100 -120 mmHg / 13.3-16kPa(3) Arterial blood pressure (動(dòng)Diastolic pressure (舒張壓) when ventricle is relaxing, the minimal arterial pressure is called diastolic pressure.(心室舒張時(shí)

31、動(dòng)脈壓降到的最低值) Normal (正常值): 60-80 mmHg / 8-10.6 kPaBlood pressure: age, sex and others(血壓與年齡,性別及其它)Diastolic pressure (舒張壓) Effect Factors of Arterial Blood Pressure(動(dòng)脈血壓的影響因素)1.Stroke volume (搏出量)2.Heart rate (心率)3.Peripheral resistance (外周阻力)4.Function of elastic reserve of aorta (主 大動(dòng)脈的彈性貯器作用)5.Prop

32、ortion of circular volume and vascular volume (循環(huán)血量與血管容量的比例)Effect Factors of Arterial Blo(4)Venous Pressure & Venous Return (靜脈血壓和靜脈回流) VP (V血壓) Peripheral VP (外周V壓) VP of different organs (各器官V的血壓) 15-20 mmHg(4)Venous Pressure & Venous ReCentral VP (中心V壓) VP of main line in right atrium and thorac

33、ic cavity (右心房和胸腔內(nèi)大V的血壓) 0-12 mmHg V return power = Peripheral VP - Central VP V回流動(dòng)力= 外周V壓 - 中心V壓Central VP (中心V壓) Systole (心臟收縮) 心肌收縮力量 正變 (左、右心衰)Gravity and pose (重力與體位) 血液重力引起靜水壓 lie: VP are approximately same in different part . 各處V壓大致相同 stand: VP are different in different parts, 各處V壓大不相同 Effec

34、t factors of venous return (影響V回流的因素)Systole (心臟收縮) Effect factorsGravity and pose (重力與體位) The degree of V engorge is affected by transmura pressure. (V充盈程度受跨壁壓的影響大) VP of lower parts are expanded because of the transmura pressure increased, and the blood volume are also increased.(身體低垂部分的V壓因跨壁壓增大而擴(kuò)

35、張,容納血量也增多)Gravity and pose (重力與體位) Respiratory movement / respiratory pump(呼吸運(yùn)動(dòng) / 呼吸泵) Inspiration (吸氣) (+) Extrusion action of skeletal muscle /muscle pump(骨骼肌的擠壓作用 /肌泵) Muscle contraction (+) (肌肉收縮) Respiratory movementExtrusion Respiratory pump (呼吸泵) 呼氣時(shí)右房回心血 量減少(左房相反) 吸氣時(shí)右房回心血 量增多(左房相反因?yàn)?肺擴(kuò)張容納血量

36、增多) Respiratory pump (呼吸泵)3.Microcirculation (微循環(huán))Def :The blood circulation in microangium between arteriole and venule . (微動(dòng)脈和微靜脈之間微血管中的血液循環(huán))3.Microcirculation (微循環(huán))Def :T(1)The component of microcirculation (微循環(huán)的組成)Arteriole(微動(dòng)脈); Metarteriole(后微動(dòng)脈); Precapillary sphincter (毛細(xì)血管前括約肌);True capilla

37、ry (真毛細(xì)血管); Thoroughfare channel (通血毛細(xì)血管); Arteriovenous anastomoses (動(dòng)-靜脈吻合支); Venule (微靜脈) Fig 7-38(1)The component of microcircuArteriole(微動(dòng)脈): Precapillary resistance vessel ;master valve (毛細(xì)血管前阻力血管;總閘門) Capillary (毛細(xì)血管): Structure characters : Big area , slow velocity, high permeability (面積大,流速

38、慢,通透性大) Fig.7-39 Function: exchange of substancesVenule(微靜脈): capacitance vessel (容量血管)Arteriole(微動(dòng)脈): (2)The Methods and Mechanisms of Substance Exchange (物質(zhì)交換的方式和機(jī)制) Diffusion(擴(kuò)散): Concentration (濃度), Distance(距離), Area(面積), Temperature(溫度), Molecular weight(分子量), Membranous permeability(膜的通透性等) (

39、2)The Methods and Mechanisms Filtration and reabsorption (濾過與重吸收)Starling Hypothesis(Starling假說)Power (動(dòng)力):Effective filtration pressure = (Cap pressure + colloid osmotic pressure of tissue fluid)- (colloid osmotic pressure of blood plasma + lentic pressure of tissue fluid)有效濾過壓 =（Cap壓+ 組織液膠體滲透壓） （血

40、漿膠體滲透壓+組織液靜水壓) Filtration and reabsorption Process(過程): Effective filtration pressure of Cap A terminal is positive ,and the fluid is filtrated and forms tissue fluid;effective filtration pressure of Cap V terminal is negative , and tissue fluid returns Cap. Cap A端的有效濾過壓為正值，液體濾出而成組織液；Cap V端的有效濾過壓為負(fù)值

41、，組織液回流入Cap。Process(過程):Filtration and Reabsorption (濾過與重吸收) 毛細(xì)血管血壓 血漿膠體滲透壓 組織液靜水壓 組織液膠體滲透壓+32-21-10+15+14-29-10+15動(dòng)脈端靜脈端+16-10組織液 淋巴液Filtration and Reabsorption (濾 Effect Factors of Tissue Fluid Forming (組織液生成的影響因素) Cap壓 靜脈回流受阻,右心衰 Cap壓 組織液生成血漿膠滲壓 蛋白尿或肝功 血漿膠滲壓 組織液生成 Effect Factors of Tissue F Permea

42、bility of Cap (Cap通透性)Permeability(通透性)forming of tissue fluid(組織液生成) burn , allergy (燒傷、過敏) Permeability of Cap (Cap通透性)PPinocytosis (胞飲作用)Two dimensional action (雙向作用)Exchange of macromolecular protein(大分子蛋白質(zhì)的交換)Pinocytosis (胞飲作用)Two dimen4.Lymph circulation (淋巴循環(huán))(1)Component (組成): Lymphatic capi

43、llary, lymphatic vessel, lymph node. (毛細(xì)淋巴管,淋巴管,淋巴結(jié)) Permeability : lymphatic capillary capillary (毛細(xì)淋巴管通透性 毛細(xì)血管)4.Lymph circulation (淋巴循環(huán))(1)C(2)Effect Factors of Lymph Fluid Forming and Return (影響淋巴液生成與回流的因素) The pressure difference between tissue fluid and lymphatic capillary (組織液與毛細(xì)淋巴管內(nèi)的壓力差) Ske

44、letal muscle movement (骨骼肌運(yùn)動(dòng))(2)Effect Factors of Lymph Flu(3)The Physiological Significance of Lymphatic Return (淋巴回流的生理意義)Regulating the balance of blood volume and tissue fluid volume. (調(diào)節(jié)血量與組織液量的平衡)Recycling protein of tissue fluid. (對(duì)組織液中的蛋白質(zhì)的回收作用)(3)The Physiological SignificaThe transportatio

45、n of Chyle vessel to fat (乳糜管對(duì)脂肪的運(yùn)輸)Defense barrier action of lymph node (淋巴結(jié)的防御屏障作用) Macrophage (巨噬細(xì)胞) Lymphocyte (淋巴細(xì)胞)The transportation of Chyle vSection 6 Regulation of Cardiovascular Activity (心血管活動(dòng)的調(diào)節(jié)) 1.Nervous regulation (神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)) (1)Cardiovascular innervation (心血管的N支配) Cardiac innervation (心臟

46、的N支配)Section 6 Regulation of Cardi Cardiac sympathetic nerve and its regulation (心交感N及其作用): T1-5 (NE+1R) different parts of heart (NE+1R) 心臟各部分 Function：正性變時(shí)變力變傳導(dǎo) Cardiac sympathetic nerveCardiac vagus nerve and its regulation (心迷走N及其作用):Function：負(fù)性變時(shí)變力變傳導(dǎo) Vessel innervation (血管的N支配)Dorsal nucleus a

47、nd ambiguous nucleus of medulla (延髓背核、疑核) (ACh+MR) different parts of heart (ACh+MR)心臟各部分 Cardiac vagus nerve and its reVasoconstrictor fiber (縮血管神經(jīng)纖維): The nerve fiber which can cause contraction of smooth muscle of blood vessel (能引起血管平滑肌收縮的神經(jīng)纖維) Sympathetic vasoconstrictor nerve (交感縮血管N) ： Vasocon

48、strictor fiber (縮血管神經(jīng)纖維T1-L2.3NE+smooth muscle of blood vessel R (NE+血管平滑肌R) Contraction (收縮)T1-L2.3NE+smooth muscle of blFunction: Keeping tonic contraction of blood vessel smooth muscle, peripheral resistance is increased, and the organic hemoperfusion is reduced.(維持血管壁平滑肌的緊張性收縮,外周阻力升高, 該器官血液灌流量下降

49、)Function: Distribution density (分布密度)： blood vessel of skin blood vessel of skeletal muscle and viscus blood vessel of cardiac muscle and cerebrovascular system (皮膚血管 骨骼肌及內(nèi)臟血管 心肌血管及腦血管) A V The thinner of the calibre, the higher of the distribution density. (口徑愈細(xì)，分布密度愈高)Distribution density (分布密度)：

50、Vasodilator fiber (舒血管神經(jīng)纖維)： sympathetic ACh.MR vasodilator nerve fiber parasympathetic ACh.MR vasodilator nerve fiber (交感舒血管NF)(副交感舒血管NF)Vasodilator fiber (舒血管神經(jīng)纖維)： Vasodilator nerve fiber of spinal dorsal root (脊髓背根舒血管NF) Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide neuron (血管活性腸肽神經(jīng)元) VIPVIPR Vasodilator ne

51、rve fiber of s(2)Cardiovascular Center (心血管中樞) Concentrative site of neuron which related with cardiovascular reflex (與心血管反射有關(guān)的神經(jīng)元集中的部位)(2)Cardiovascular Center (心血管中Spinal cord (脊髓) Primary cardiovascular center (初級(jí)心血管中樞) 脊髓的胸腰段有支配心臟和血管的交感節(jié)前N元， 具緊張性活動(dòng)Spinal cord (脊髓) Bulb延髓 Basic cardiovascular cen

52、ter (基本心血管中樞)心迷走N元 心迷走緊張心交感N元 心交感緊張交感縮血管N元 交感縮血管緊張Bulb延髓 Basic cardiovaVasoconstrictor region (縮血管區(qū)) 延髓頭端腹外側(cè)部 cause cardiac sympathetic tension 、sympathetic vasoconstrictor tension (引起心交感緊張、交感縮血管緊張) Vasodilator region (舒血管區(qū)) 延髓尾端腹外側(cè)部 inhibit activity of vasoconstrictor region (抑制縮血管區(qū)的活動(dòng))Vasoconstric

53、tor region (縮血管區(qū)) Substitution station of afferent nerve (傳入N接替站) 孤束核 Inhibitory region of heart (心抑制區(qū)) Dorsal nucleus and ambiguous nucleus of bulb (延髓背核、疑核 ) cause cardiac vagal tension (引起心迷走緊張) Substitution station of affere Hypothalamus and cerebral cortex (下丘腦和大腦皮層) Integration (整合): Compose a

54、 uniform and interactional physiological process from various physiological effects. (是指把各種不同的生理反應(yīng)組成一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的相互配合的生理過程) Hypothalamus and cerebral cSympathetic vasodilator N (交感舒血管N) : Root in hypothalamus and cerebral cortex (源于下丘腦和大腦皮層)Defence reaction(防御反應(yīng)): Hypothalamus (下丘腦)Sympathetic vasodilator N

55、 (交感舒(3)Cardiovascular reflex (心血管反射) Carotid sinus 、aortic arch baroreceptor reflex (頸A竇、主A弓壓力感受性反射) An autonomically mediated reflex response that influences the heart and blood vessels to oppose a change in mean arterial blood pressure. (血壓變化經(jīng)壓力感受器等反射弧活動(dòng)而維持血壓于穩(wěn)態(tài)的反射)(3)Cardiovascular reflex (心血管反B

56、lood pressure (血壓)carotid sinus(頸A竇) Pressure R(壓力R) aortic arch(主A弓)Sinus nerve(竇N 舌咽N)Aortic nerve(主A神經(jīng) )Spinal bulb (延腦) Cardiac sympathetic tone 心交感緊張(-)sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone 交感縮血管緊張(-)cardiac vagal ton 心迷走緊張(+)Blood pressure(血壓)Cardiovisceral vessel (心血管活動(dòng))Blood carotid sinusSinus ne

57、rve壓力R發(fā)放的沖動(dòng)頻率與A管壁擴(kuò)張度（血壓）呈正變關(guān)系。The significance of depressor reflex :(減壓反射的意義)壓力R發(fā)放的沖動(dòng)頻率與A管壁擴(kuò)張度Chemoreceptor reflex of Carotid body and aortic body (頸A體、主A體化學(xué)感受性反射)Receptor (感受器): carotid body , aortic body (頸A體, 主A體)chemoreceptor (化學(xué)感受器)Afferent nerve (傳入N): glossopharyngealN (舌咽N) vagus N (迷走N) Che

58、moreceptor reflex of CaroProcess: P CO2H+P O2carotid body(頸A體) aortic body(主A體) chemoreceptor(化學(xué)感受器)舌咽N迷走Nmedulla(延髓) cardiovascular center 心血管中樞(+) respiration center 呼吸中樞(+) 心輸出量外周阻力血壓Process: P CO2H+P O2carotid Significance : When the organism in hypoxia、 asphyxia and low A pressure, it can regulate cardiovascular activity obviously to supply blood 、 oxygen for heart and brain .(意義: