女性主義feminism課件

1、FeminismContents Definition of feminism and feministFeminism theoryThe Feminist MovementTypes of FeminismWhat is Feminism?Feminism is a collection of movements aimed at defining, establishing, and defending equal political, economic, and social rights for women. In addition, feminism seeks to establ

2、ish equal opportunities for women in education and employment.Feminists Feminists are persons of either sex, or females only (in which case males may be pro-feminists), who believe in feminism.A feminist is an advocate or supporter of the rights and equality of women.HistoryThe terms feminism or fem

3、inist first appeared in France and The Netherlands in 1872 (as les fministes), Great Britain in the 1890s, and the United States in 1910. The Oxford English Dictionary lists 1894 for the first appearance of feminist and 1895 for feminism.The UK Daily News first introduced feminist to the English lan

4、guage, importing it from France and branding it as dangerous. What our Paris Correspondent describes as a Feminist group. in the French Chamber of Deputies.Prior to that time, Womans Rights was probably the term used most commonly, hence Queen Victorias description of this mad, wicked folly of Woman

5、s Rights.The Feminist MovementThe movements history has gone through three waves, beginning in the 18th century. First-wave was oriented around the station of middle or upper-class white women, and involved suffrage and political equality. Second-wave feminism(time?) attempted to further combat soci

6、al and cultural inequalities. Third-wavefeminism starting in 1980 to early includes renewed campaigning for womens greater influence in politics. The First Wave FeminismThe first wave refers to the movement of the 19th through early 20th centuries (1900s1920s), which dealt mainly with suffrage（投票權(quán)選舉

7、權(quán)）,working conditions and educational rights for women and girls.Leader ： Elizabeth Cady Stanton（伊麗莎白凱迪斯坦頓 ）Purpose ： equal political, intellectual and economic rights to womenAchievement：International Womens Day has been observed (創(chuàng)始于1910年）The second Wave Feminism(also called Modern Feminism) The s

8、econd wave (1960s-1980s) dealt with the inequality of laws as well as cultural inequalities.The key event that marked the reemergence（再度出現(xiàn) ）of this movement in the postwar戰(zhàn)后的 era was the surprise popularity of Betty Friedans 1963 book The Feminine Mystique The key event:The Feminine Mystique Women s

9、hould speak out her feelings: In addition to her husband, children and families, I would like to get more.“女性應(yīng)該大膽地說出自己的心聲:除了丈夫、孩子和家庭，我還想得到更多?！?Social Impact“It ignited（點燃） the contemporary（同時代的 ）womens movement in 1963 and as a result permanently transformed the social fabric組織 of the United States

10、and countries around the world.” - New York Times The influences of the second womens movementReligion Education Language Social changesFor example:Feminists are often proponents支持者 of using non-sexistlanguage, using “Ms.”to refer to both Married and unmarried women.The Third Wave Feminism(Post Mode

11、rn Feminism)The third wave of feminism(late 1980s-early 2000s), is seen as both a continuation 繼續(xù)and a response to the perceived 感知的failures of the second wave.Nowadays：Some now believe as of 2010, we are in a fourth wave of feminism.Liberal feminism自由女性主義Radical feminism激進女性主義Diversity feminism多樣性女

12、性主義Types of Feminism123Liberal Feminist ViewsLiberal Feminist ViewsShared with liberalism these ideas:Human equalityHuman rationality(合理性）Importance of individual rightsRadical feminismsMultiple多樣的 types of radical feminisms, but they all share a common critique評論 of liberal feminism for accepting t

13、he status in the economic and social structures.The status operates with the male model as the norm 基準(e.g., seeing the world as competitive and aggressive).Types of Radical FeminismsSocialist feminists argue that patriarchy父權(quán)制 & capitalism are linked; both exploitive剝削的.Lesbian feminists criticize societys definition of heterosexuality異性戀 as normal, & all other sexualities as deviant不正常者.Anti-pornography feminists argue that pornography 色情文學(xué)fosters促進 violence against women. Diversity FeminismThe needs and perspectiv