用語言學(xué)的方法分析短消息語言和行為

1、用語言學(xué)的方法分析短消息語言和行為Abstrat：Thispaperbeginsithanintrdutintbile-basedshrtassage,rSfrshrt.AlthughthearrivalfSbringsnvenieneandhappinesstpepleslife,theharateristisfSlanguageresultinitsvulnerabilitytisunderstanding.Fralinguistiperspetive,fatrsrespnsiblefrtheisunderstandingfSareanalyzed.Firstly,Slanguagevil

2、atesthe-perativepriniple.Pepleadptaperativepriniplehentheyuniateitheahther:theytrytgetalngitheahtherbyfllingertainnversatinal“axis.ThevilatinftheseaxisakesthefuntinsfSindefiniteandSusershavetinterpretSbasednthEirnexperiene.Sendly,inntrastithfae-t-faenversatinsandtelephnealls,Slaksbdylanguage,faialex

3、pressins,prperstressandintnatin.Thirdly,Slanguageisreasualthanrittenlanguage.Innlusin,thispapersuggestsseslutinsttherelatedprble.Keyrds:shrtassagerS,isunderstanding,perativepriniple,bdylanguage,faialexpressin,intnatin,stress,rittenlanguage摘要：本文的開頭對挪動 的短消息又稱短信作了簡要的介紹。盡管短消息的出現(xiàn)給人們帶來了方便，短消息自身語言的特點導(dǎo)致了它容易

4、被人們誤解。從語言學(xué)的角度，本文分析了導(dǎo)致短信被誤解的幾個因素。第一，短消息語言違犯了合作原那么。人們在交際過程中，常常會采用一種準(zhǔn)那么。為了很好的交流，人們回遵守“會話準(zhǔn)那么。而短信語言對準(zhǔn)那么的違犯，導(dǎo)致了短信的作用不明確。并且，人們在解釋短信內(nèi)容時，往往只根據(jù)自己的經(jīng)歷。第二，與面對面的談話和 通訊相比，短信缺少肢體語言、表情、適當(dāng)?shù)闹匾艉驼Z調(diào)。第三，短信語言與書面語言相比，具有隨意性。文章的結(jié)尾對相關(guān)的問題提出理解決的方法。關(guān)鍵詞：短消息或短信、誤解、合作原那么、肢體語言、表情、重音、語調(diào)、書面語言AnAnalysisfShrtessageLanguageandBehavirsitha

5、LinguistiApprahThesisstateent:Shrtessageisvulnerabletisunderstanding,hihanbeexplainedbythevilatinftheperativepriniple,andinntrastithtraditinalnversatinandrittenlanguage,thedefiienyfshrtessageisanalyzed.utlineIIntrdutinIIThevulnerabilityfStisunderstandingfrtheperspetiveftheperativeprinipleA.Intrdutin

6、fperativeandthevilatinfaxisB.ThreekindsfisunderstandingTheindefinitenaturefthesendersessageAnuberffatrsaffetingtheinterpretatinfSThequerynerningtheendfSnversatinIIIThedefiienyfSinntrastithfae-t-faenversatinandTELallA.ThelakfbdylanguageandexpressinB.ThelakfstressandintnatinIVTheasualnessfSinntrastith

7、rittenlanguageA.SpressedatrandB.ThedifferenesbeteenSlanguageandrittenlanguageVnlusinIIntrdutinShrtessageServie(SS)isaneuniatinaltlthatbinesthefuntinsfbilephneandpager.ArdingtthestatistisfrGlbalGPSAssiatin,thettalnuberfSshasreahed510billinin2022,andhinaauntsfrnethirdfthe,saringt170billin.Sisregardeda

8、sanvenient,highlyderati,infratinalediufrnveyingessagesthatnfrsellthuanneeds.Asadernuniatintl,Shasanyadvantageshihareabsentintheruniatinedias.Frexaple,Senablesdubpepletuniatefreelyithhealthypeple;Sakesnnisehihaybtherthers;Sprtetsprivay,beausenthirdpartyknsthententfSnversatin.Hever,theharateristisfSla

9、nguagealsbringnegativeeffetstpepleslife.PeplefindthatSisntsperfulandpleasant,anditanbeeasilyisunderstd.iththehelpflinguistiapprahes,fatrsthatarerespnsiblefrtheisunderstandingfSareanalyzed:1).thevilatinftheperativepriniple.2)Sannttaketheplaeffae-t-faenversatin.3)Sisreasualthanrittenlanguage.IIThevuln

10、erabilityfStisunderstandingfrtheperspetiveftheperativeprinipleThepressfsendingSisseasyandinfralthatpepletreatitastheydnversatin.Sisabitlikeanversatinattheaterlerthatanbeinstantlyfrardedt50peple.Franversatintbesuessful,instsialntexts,thepartiipantsneedtfeeltheyarentributingsethingtitandaregettingseth

11、ingutfit.Frthisthappen,ertainnditinsustapply.Everyneusthaveanpprtunitytspeak:nneshuldbenplizingrnstantlyinterrupting.Thepartiipantsneedtaketheirrleslear;theyneedthaveasensefhentspeakrstaysilent;hentprfferinfratinrhlditbak;hentstayalfrbeeinvlved.Thesuessfanversatindependsntnlynhatspeakerssaybutntheir

12、hleapprahttheinteratin.“urtalkexhangesdntnrallynsistfasuessinfdisnnetedrearks,anduldntberatinaliftheydid.Theyareharateristially,tsedegreeatleast,perativeeffrts;andeahpartiipantregnizesinthe,tseextent,anpurpsersetfpurpses,ratleastautuallyaepteddiretin(Grie1975:45).Pepleadpta“perativepriniplehentheyun

13、iateitheahther:theytrytgetalngitheahtherbyfllingertainnversatinal“axisthatunderlietheeffiientuseflanguage.Furbasiaxishavebeenprpsed.Theaxifqualitystatesthatspeakersntributinstanversatinughttbetrue.Theyshuldntsayhattheybelievetbefalse,nrshuldtheysayanythingfrhihtheylakadequateevidene.Theaxifquantitys

14、tatesthatntributinsshuldbeasinfrativeasisrequiredfrthepurpsesfthenversatin.neshuldsayneithertlittlenrtuh.Theaxifrelevanestatesthatnversatinsshuldlearlyrelatetthepurpseftheexhange.Theaxifannerstatesthatthentributinshuldbeperspiuus,inpartiular,thatitshuldberderlyandbrief,avidingbstrutingabiguity.Inshr

15、t,theseaxisspeifyhatpartiipantshavetdinrdertnverseinaaxiallyeffiient,ratinal,-perativeay:theyshuldspeaksinerely,relevantlyandlearly,hileprvidingsuffiientinfratin.Buttheuseftersprinipleandaxidesnteanthattheperativeprinipleanditsaxisillbeflledbyeverybdyallthetie.Ifpeplevilatetheseaxisdeliberately,list

16、enersaydrainferenefrhatspeakershavesaidandrkuttheipliatureftheutterane.ButfrSusers,vilatinfaxisisdnepassively.Thenletustakealkatthefllingshrtessagesrerdedintheauthrsbilephne.N.1.A:“Stillbusy?9:40p(nversatinstarted,butAspurpseisnfusing)N.2.B:“Nttbusy,hatsup?9:41p(AtuallyBasverybusyinhisessay,ayberiti

17、ng,butBinferredthatAusthavesethingiprtantttell.)N.3.A:“henyurkedintheputerAssiatin,haveyueverfailedtnegtiateithspnsrs?9:46p(IttakesA5inutestrespnd.Heatteptstakehisrdsapprpriate.Bhastsuspendhisrkandaitfradiretanser.Butthisanserseessirrelevant.)N.4.B:“N9:47p(Btriestnentratenhisrk,sherespndsbriefly.Ais

18、quitefrustratedbythefailednegtiatinandneedssenetfrthi.Thesinglerd“NakeshithinkthatifBisntbusy,hBuldbesld.)N.5.A:“Srry,Ithughtyudid,then,gdnight.9:49p(nversatinhastbeendedupunpleasantly)N.6.B:“Gdnight.9:50p(BisstillunaarefAsintentin.Heandnthingbutendnversatin.)Thetpartiipantsfthisshrtnversatinvilatet

19、hefuraxisvilatinsfaxis.N.1vilatesfquantity.Hesaystlittle.Heshuldstatehispurpselearly.N.2vilatesfquality.Hesayssethingthatisfalse,buthehast.N.3HereAsntributininitsliteraleaning,failstanserBsquestin,andthusseestvilateatleasttheaxisfquantityandrelevane.eighttherefreexpetAsutteranetbeinterpretedasann-pe

20、rativerespnse.Yetitislearthatdespitethisapparentfailuref-peratin,etrytinterpretAsutteraneasperativeatsedeeperlevel.eanassurethatthereuldbesepssiblennetinbeteenN.2andN.3.Hever,sineitisaSnversatin,AandBuldntseeeahther.Bisatuallyinahurryandheantstgtthetpidiretly,butAantsaeupheistiay.HereSisntperfulenug

21、htnnetthestatesfindfthetpersns.N.4alsvilatesfquantity.Bissuppsedtbensiderate.N.5vilatesfanner.Tsentenesseentrderly.Hever,inurdailynversatin,theipliaturesfrdsareeasilydedued.Shydesthevilatinf-perativeprinipleinSfailtenablepepletrkuttheexatipliatures?Thereustbesetherfatrsntributingttheunderstandingfrd

22、s.eshallfurtherdisussthispintinthethirdsetin.Althughthetpartiipantsfthisshrtnversatindntvilateaxisdeliberatelyandpurpsefully,theirrdsareisnstrued.AndtheisnstrutinsfSanbesrtedintthree.Firstly,thepurpsefSlanguageisntdefinite,i.e.,thefuntinsfSlanguagearentlear.Linguiststalkabutthefuntinsflanguageinanab

23、stratsense,thatis,ntintersfusinglanguagethat,tthink,tbuyandsell,treadandrite,tgreetpeple,et.Tuniateurideasistheusualansertthequestin“hydeuselanguage?Indeed,thisustsurelybethestidelyregnizedfuntinflanguage.heneveretellpepleabuturirustanesrurselvesraskfrinfratinabuttherselves,eareusinglanguageinrderte

24、xhangefatsandpinins.Theuseflanguageisftenalled“ideatinalrreferential.Butituldbeprbleatitthinkfitasthenlyayeuselanguage.Linguistssuarizethesepratialfuntinsflanguagelikeflling:infrative,interpersnal,perfrative,etive,phati,rereatinalandetalingual(Hu2001:10).Hallidayprpsesatheryfetafuntinsflanguagethati

25、slanguagehasIDEATINAL,INTERPERSNAL,andTextualfuntins.Ideatinalfuntinnstrutsadelfexperieneandnstrutslgialrelatins,interpersnalfuntinenatssialrelatinshipsandtextualfuntinreatesrelevanetntext(Halliday1985:VIII).Angthe,thefirsttfuntinsareftenixedupinSlanguage.Frstpeple,theinfrativefuntinispredinantlythe

26、ajrrleflanguage.Languageistheinstruentfthughtandpepleftenfeeltheneedtspeaktheirthughtsaludashentheyarerkingnaathprble.Andthestiprtantsilgialuseflanguageistheinterpersnalfuntin,byhihpepleestablishandaintainafrtablerelatininasiety.Sisaediuhsefuntinisrathernfusing.Pepleuseittnveyinfratin,keepintuhithea

27、hther,sharejkes,expressetinsrevenpassanger.Butthereipientannttellhihfrhih,heightdealithhisshrtessagesithanattitudethatisunexpetedbyitssender.Letsseethefllingexaple.A:“Iplayedftballthisafternn,htiredIa.B:“h,really?Yureenergeti!Thenversatinendshere.Afeelstiredafterplayingftball,andsendsaStnefhisfriend

28、sBtexpresshisexiteent.ButthisnfusesBasthtrespndapprpriately,rheaysiplybrdabutitfrquitealngtie.Sendly,thereipientsfSakethEirninterpretatinsbasednsituatinaleffetsandsheata.Thefirstandthesendsrtfisunderstandingsanbesehatverlapping.BeausefuntinfSlanguageisntlear,peplebegantinterpretessagesiththeirnexper

29、iene.Besides,thequantityfinfratinnveyedisfteninadequate,Sleavesaltfblankspaesinhatpeplesay,hihthereipienttendstfilliththestnegativeinterpretatins.Thirdly,htendSnversatinandhenistherighttietenditalsbtherSusersalt.NatterhpepleenjyS,ritingitisverytiensuing.Ifneantstenditandthetherdesnt,atleastneillbeun

30、pleasant.ItisunlikelythatbthfthearereadyfrSnversatinatthesaetie,beausetpepleareintenvirnents.IIIThedefiienyfSinntrastithfae-t-faenversatinandTelallPepleanhidetheselvesbehindthetinysreens,andtherefre,theyarebraverandtheyantellhatevertheylike.Sanypeplearenabusingit.Butisitsuperirtfae-t-faenversatinsan

31、dtelephnealls?Theanserightben.Firstly,Slaksbdylanguageandfaialexpressins.Theuniativeusefthevisualandtatiledesisftenreferredtas“nnverbaluniatin,espeiallyinaadeidisussin.Ineverydayters,itistheareaf“bdylanguage(rystal1997:403).stpepleayntbeaareftheiprtanefithentheyessageeahther,beausetheyditsubnsiusly.

32、Thefieldfnn-verbalvisualuniatin,kinesis,anbebrkendnintseveralpnents:faialexpressin,eyentat,gesture,andbdypsture.Eahpnentperfrsavarietyffuntins.veentsfthefaeandbdyangiveluestapersnspersnalityandetinalstate.Thefae,inpartiular,signalsaiderangefetins,suhasfear,happiness,sadness,anger,surprise,interest,a

33、nddisgust.anyftheexpressinsvaryineaningfrulturetulture.Inadditin,thefaeandbdysendsignalsabuttheayasialinteratinispreeding.Patternsfeyentatshhistalkingth;faialexpressinprvidesfeed-baktthespeaker,expressingsuheaningsaspuzzleentrdisbelief;andabdypsturenveysapersnsattitudetardstheinteratin(e.g.relaxatin

34、,interest,bred).Severalkindsfsialntextareassiatedithspeififaialrbdybehavirs(e.g.avinghiletakingleave.)Ritualrffiialasinsareftenpriarilyarkedbysuhfatrsaskneeling,rblessing.hileSnlyprvidesitsreipientsresfharaters(neshrtassagentainsnrethan70hineseharaters),thesendersfaialexpressinrevenhisattitudetardsh

35、athesaidnlydependsnthereipientspersnaliaginatin.TherealeaningfSandintentinthusareftenisunderstd.Besides,paredithtraditinalnversatin,Slaksprperstressandintnatin.Stressreferstthedegreeffreusedinprduingasyllable.Intransriptin,araisedvertiallikeisusedjustbefrethesyllableitrelatest.Abasidistintinisadebet

36、eenstressedandunstressedsyllables,thefrerbeingreprinentthanthelatterusuallyduetaninreaseinludness,lengthrpith.Thiseansthatstressisarelativentin.(Hu2001:71)Attherdlevel,itnlyappliestrdsithatleasttsyllables.Stresspatterninhineseiseasier,beauseeanjustfusnsentenelevel,hereansyllabirdaybesaidtbestressedr

37、elativettherrdsinthesentene.Sentenestressisftenusedtexpressephasis,surprise,et,sthatinpriniplestressayfallnanyrdranysyllable.Frexaple,aSnversatinbeginsithasentenelikethis,“IentshppingarundJiefangbeithehleday.Ibughtnthing.Thesenteneisquitelear,buthihrddesthesenderephasize?Ifthissenteneisarriednatelep

38、hnerfae-t-faenversatin,itillntauseanypuzzle.Intnatin,andthersuprasegentalfeaturesflanguage,perfrsavarietyfdifferentfuntins.(rystal1992:173)Thestbviusfuntinistexpressaiderangefattitudinaleaningsexiteent,bred,surprise,friendliness,reserve,andanyhundredsre.Intnatinnveysagreatdealabuthatisreferredtasthe

39、“infratinstrutureftheutterane.Intnatinanhelptrganizelanguageunitsthatarereeasilypereivedanderized.IVTheasualnessfSinntrastithrittenlanguageHever,hingthatdiffersSlanguagefrletters,andE-ailistheasualnessfS.Sisftenpressedunderarandnditin.Theuseraydithileheishavinglunh,takingaalk,readingbks,talkingtther

40、s,rathingTV,et.Heuldntfusallhisattentinnritinghatheantstsay.Hehastditithlittlethught.Besides,seties,neSuserayessagethreethersrreatthesaetie.Theverladeduserhastspeeditup,andthequalityfSdereases.Buthenpepleriteletters,theyareuhrensiderate.UnlikeS,sendinglettersisdeanding,sineeanntritelettershereverand

41、heneverelike.nealetterissent,littlehaneleftfrtheaddressertexplainit.Thus,Sisrelikearerdfspkenlanguage,andthenuberfitsharatersisquiteliited(nrethan70,inludingpuntuatins).Inthefllingparts,efusndifferenebeteenSlanguageandrittenlanguage.Theperanenefritingallsrepeatedreadingandlseanalysis.Itprtesthedevel

42、pentfartfulrganizatinandrenise,intriatelystruturedexpressin.Unitsfdisurse,suhassentenesandparagraphs,arelearlyidentifiedthrughlayutandpuntuatin.(rystal1992:181)Byntrast,thespntaneityandrapidityfSiniizethehanefplexpreplanning,anditalslaksrepetitin,rephrasingfillerphrases(suhasyukn,yusee,think)thatass

43、istspeakerst“thinkstandingup,andthereisnusefintnatinandpausetdivideanutteraneintanageablehunks.Thepartiipantsinritteninteratinanntusuallyseeeahther,andtheythusanntrelynthentextthelpakelearhattheyean,astheyuldhenspeaking.Asansequene,ritingavidsrdshseeaningrelynsituatin(suhasthisne,verthere).ritersals

44、havetantiipatetheeffetsftielagbeteenprdutinandreeptin.ThisisutfthequestininS.SusersassuethatthethersideisalaysreadyfrreeptinfS(atually,itisquitenralthatthereipientisverybusy),andthatthefeedbakuldeiediately.ButSisnttie-bund,andthesituatininhihbthpartiipantsarepresentisrare.rittenlanguagetendstberefra

45、lthanSlanguageandisrelikelytprvidethestandardthatsietyvalues.DifferentpeplehavedevelpedtheirnShabitrstyle.Sepeplefrequentlyusepuntuatins,suhas“:-),“:-(,“:-=,“:-*;seuseapitalizedrdfrexaple“h,TD,“IllTyutexpressspeialeanings.Theserds,nnehand,akeSlanguagevivid,butnthetherhand,languagebarrierisfred.Nteverybdyuldunderstandthesefashinablerds,anditisbeingupdated.Peple,espeiallythsehseldessageanther,findtheselvestrappedbythesepersnallyinedrdsandexpressins.Vnlusinbile-basedSisntbaditself.Liketheeergeneftelevisin,Sisalsstrng