北京西城區(qū)2019年高三一模英語(yǔ)試題及答案

1、2019北京西城區(qū)高三一模英 語(yǔ)2019.4本試卷共9頁(yè)，共120分?？荚嚂r(shí)長(zhǎng)100分鐘?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試 卷上作答無(wú)效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，45分）第一節(jié)語(yǔ)法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。I often help my mom cook and baked chicken is my favorite thing to make. One day, when mom was sick, I tr

2、ied to make the chicken all by myself. I washed the chicken and put it in a p, in the oven 1 (bake). When the bell rang to tell me the chicken was done, I opened the oven door. Guessvhat? The chickenwas notcooked! I starteto laugh.I forgotto turn 2 the oven! Did you know what I didnext?I 3 (orderizz

3、a.Mom was happy I “cookeday myself and we could eat the pizza together.Chocolate was first used as a drink over 3,500 years ago in Central America. It was very popular with the Mayans and the Aztecs. In fact, cocoa beans were very important to people ther That was 4 they were used as money. In the b

4、eginning, cocoa (plant) in Ecuador, which was, for long time, the worlds -numbeproducer of cocoa beans. It is still one of the top 6 (producer) of the beans, but nowadays more than 70 per cent of cocoa beans come from West Africa.Wallace giantbee istheworlds 7 (largebee, with a body the sizeof a hum

5、an thumb and wings that can spread to about 2.5 inches. That ma& soundighten), but the bee isnt likely to hurt anyone. It uses 嘴)isrgedjawst a sticky goo, called resin, from treesThe bee 9 (make) itshome in termitenounds (白蟻丘)found on treesusingthe resin to protect its nest from the termites. Until

6、recently, the bee had been seen by scientist 10 (two), once in 1868 and again in 1981.第二節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，共30分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、0四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng), 并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。We firsmet Tom and Gee in the earlydays of our marriage.Someone had been 11 our garbage cans to the garage each garbage day, and Jim an

7、d I had12vondeiiMi one day we 13 him: an elderly man who lived across the street.I baked cookiesand leftthem on a chairoutsidethe garage 14 a thank-younote. When we got home from work that day, a typed letter had repladed thhe letter was from Tom and explainedhow he had come to 16 the neighborhoodon

8、 garbage day, returning cans for people 17e knew. Back when hed been fighting a war I wasnt alive to see, his young wife, Gee, had found herself living alone. Neighbors had taken8the time to her garbage cans so 19 didnt have tid, he 20 forgot. Now he paid it forward by doing the same for all of us.A

9、 few years after wed moved in, Tom died. We photocopied that letteriando one of our own for Gee. We told her hQw Tom had been to us, how sad we felt sorry for her, how thankful we were to have3 him. She wrote back and told us she still talked to Tom every day.These days,were)lanninga24 . The house t

10、hatseemed so huge sixyearsago isfillewith furniturend books and toysand, of course,people.We know it time to go, and 25we cant seetmo stick tRer Sale sign up on the lawn. Gaining a third bedroomsometimes seems like an awful trade for all we 26and toIts not just Gee. Its the man who lets our kids pth

11、le peaehisi hfif; front yard.It the ladieswho 27 Jim when theiipool filte過濾器)breaksand leaveoverflowing baskets for our kids on Easter. Its the police officer living directly across from us, who sm and waves and makes me feel a li28le when Jim is away.The moving boxes arestihleatlypacked in our base

12、ment,but Jim and I agreeto 29until January. Maybe before leaving Ill talk to Tom, just as Gee still does. Thank you, Ill teaching us what it means to 13e) a .11.A.liftingB.returningC.deliveringD.fixing12.A.whoB.whatC.howD.why13.A.visitedB.caughtC.spottedD.followed14.A.inB.forC.toD.with15.A.giftB.cha

13、irC.garbageD.cake16.A.protectB.searchC.walkD.greet17.A.onlyB.barelyC.nearlyD.surely18.A.handleB.changeC.recycleD.open19.A.theyB.weC.heD.she20.A.neverB.alwaysC.sometimesD.seldom21.A.wrappedB.connectedC.attachedD.exposed22.A.specialB.hopefulC.powerfulD.lucky23.A.contactedB.rememberedC.knownD.understoo

14、d24.A.partyB.tripC.meetingD.move25.A.alsoB.yetC.thenD.therefore26.A.winB.loseC.failD.save27.A.helpB.treatC.chargeD.call28.A.stronger B.happierC.saferD.firmer29.A.planB.waitC.prepareD.talk30.A.husbandB.friendC.coupleD.neighbor第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，共30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答

15、題卡 上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AAmsterdam Destination Guiderld, famous for itsAmsterdam isof the most popuAAmsterdam Destination Guiderld, famous for itsAmsterdam isof the most popubeautiful canals, top art museums, cycling culture and so on. It is the capital and most populo city in the Netherlands andreftiened to as t

16、he “Venice of the North” because of its expansive system of bridges and canals. Here are some of the key points to remember as you plan your trip to Amsterdam.Boom SeasonPopulationLanguage(s)CurrencyJanuary ClimateJuly ClimateMay to October813,562DutchEuroAverage high: 5.8 Average high 22.0 CMust-Se

17、e AttractionsMost visitors begin their Amsterdam adventure in the Old Centre, which is full of tradition architecturshoppingcenters,nd coffeeshops.Youlalsowant to check out AmsterdamsMuseum Quarter in the South District, which is great for shopping at the Albert Cuyp Market and having a picnic in th

18、deVpark. The top museums to visit there are the Rijksmusuem, the Ann Frank House, and the Van Gogh Museum.If You Have TimeThere are several other unique districts in Amsterdam, and you should try to explore as man of them as time allows. The Canal Ring is a UNESCO World Heritage Site that was origin

19、allybuilt to attract wealthy home owners and is a center for celebrity spotting and nightlife today Plantageareahas most of the city museums, includingthe JewishHistoricaMuseum, the Scheepvaart Museum, and the botanical gardens.Money Saving TipsUnless you reallywant to see the tulips(郁金香)blooming, a

20、void booking between mid-March and mid-May. This is when hotel and flight prices rise.Look for accommodations in Amsterdams South District, where rates are generally cheaper than in the city center.Buy train tickets at the machine instead of the counter to save a bit of money.Instead of hiring a tou

21、r guide, hop on a canal boat. Theyre inexpensive and will give you unique point of view of the city.Check out our homepage to view price comparisons for flights, hotels, and rental cars befor you book.What can be learned about Amsterdam from this passage?Amsterdam is calledthe “Venice of the North”b

22、ecause of its location.TheVan Gogh Museumlies in Amsterdams MuseumQuarter.TheOld Centre is aUNESCO World Heritage Site.TheCanal Ring is aplace to attract garden lovers.In order to save money in Amsterdam, you can .arrange a guided canal tourbuy train tickets at the counterreserve a hotel in the Sout

23、h Districtbook flights between mid-March and mid-May 33. Where is the passage most probably taken from?A. A magazine.B. An essay.C. A report.D. A website.BThree months after Hurricane Katrina in 2005, Rebecca Sell, then 24, a photojournalist for Fredericksburphotographeda New Orleanscoupleworriedlye

24、xaminingwater-spottephoto albums. As she took the photo, something within her clicked. “I told them I could take the rui: pictures, copy them and give them digitally 修復(fù)breHofos,“ she recalls. Although a bit sceptical, the couple agreed. Rebecca took their photos home, restored them and took them to

25、th couple at their temporary home. “It felt so good to be able to do that for them,” says RebeccWhen her editor, Dave Ellis, saw the photo of the couple, he suggested they go back and restore damaged photos for even more people. So in January 2006, with paid time off from the paper, the two set up s

26、hop in Pass Christian. After posting a notice in the community newslette: Rebecca and Dave received 500 photos in four days. For each, the pair took a new digital pictur then used high-tech software to erase water spots and restore colors. It just so happened that ， popular website linked to Daves b

27、log abouteit(he, eap(eraoon Operation Photo Rescue, as itcame to be known, had emailsfrom hundreds of volunteersincludingphotographerand restoration experts, eager to help.Though digitarestoratidisa painstakingrocessmending irreplaceabfamilypictures means the world to victims like Emily Lancaster, 7

28、1, who took out piles of ruined photo albums after Katrina, never thinking the mess could be saved. But she just couldnt bear to part with few treasured pictures, including a portrait of her father, who had passed away, and a photo of husband as a boy. Then she heard about Operation Photo Rescue. “I

29、 didnt have a whole lot of hope they could fixthem, but theydid,石mily says. “Almosteveryday I thinkabout allthe pictures Ive lost. Im tso haapp5these two.”In the five years since Katrina, Operation Photo Rescue has collected thousands of pictures ruined by floods, hurricanes and tornadoes. Volunteer

30、s make “copy runs” to disaster areas acr the country to gather damaged photos from survivors; operating costs are covered by donations. “Its great to be able to give people some of their history back,” says Rebecca. “One perso: me thatthanksto us, her grandmothergot to see her photosagainbeforeshe p

31、assedaway. Moments like thatmind me why I do this.” 34. When Rebecca took the picture of the New Orleans couple, she decided to .take them to their temporary homehelp with their damaged photosset up shop in Pass Christiancover Hurricane KatrinaFrom Paragraph 2, we know that Dave and Rebecca .quit th

32、eir jobs in 2006inspired volunteers to join themspent four days mending the photosmade their work known in their newspaperHow did Emily Lancaster feel when she first heard about Operation Photo Rescue?A. Excited.B. Hopeless.C. Satisfied.D. Sceptical.What is the best title for the passage?Surviving H

33、urricanesAn Act of GenerositySaving MemoriesA Lucky CoupleCLike many other people who speak more than one language, I often have the sense that Im a slightly different person in each of my l-amguagesDnfident in English, more relaxed in French, more emotionalin Czech. Is itpossiblethat,alongwith thes

34、edifferencemy moral compass 律指南針）alsopointsinsomewhat differerdtirectionfepending onthelanguageIm using at the time?Psychologistwho studymoral judgmentshave become very interesteih thisquestionThe findings of several recent studies suggest that when people are faced with moral dilemmas 困境），theydo in

35、deedresponddifferentwhen consideringhem in a foreignlanguagethan when using their native tongue.In a 2014 paper led by Albert Costa, volunteers were presented with a moral dilemma known as the “trolley problem”: imagine that a runaway trolley is moving quickly toward a group of people standing on th

36、e tracks, unable to move. You are next to a switch that can move the troll to a different set of tracks, therefore sparing the five people, but resulting in the death of ， is standing on the side tracks. Do you pull the switch?Most people agree that they would. But what if the only way to stop the t

37、rolley is by pushi: a large stranger off a footbridge into its path? People tend to be very hesitant to say they wo- thiseven though in both situationspe personissacrificedo save five.But Costa and his colleaguefound thatpresentinthe dilemma in a languagethatvolunteerhad learnedas a foreign tongue d

38、ramatically increased their stated willingness to push the sacrificial person o footbridge, from fewer than 20% of respondents working in their native language to about 50% of those using the foreign one.Why does itmatterwhetherwe judgemoralityin our nativelanguageor a foreignone? According to one e

39、xplanation,uch judgments involvetwo separateind competing ways of thinking-one of these,a quick,natural “feeling,” arthethearefudeliberatioiiboutthe greatest good for the greatest number. When we use a foreign language, we unconsciously sink intothemore carefulvay simplybecausethe effort）f operating

40、Ln our non-nativelanguage signals our cognitive的）system to prepare for difficult activity.An alternativecplanatioiis thatdifferencearisebetween nativeand foreigntongues because our childhood languages are filled with greater emotions than are those learned in more academic settings. As a result, mor

41、al judgments made in a foreign language are less filled with emotional reactions that surface when we use a language learned in childhood.There strongevidence thatmemory connectsa language with the experiencesand interactions through which that language was learned. For example, people wh雙are biling

42、ual （ 語(yǔ)的）aremore likelto recalhn experienceifreminded in the languagein which thatevent occurred. Our childhood languages, learned in the middle of passionate emotion, become filled with deep feeling. By comparison, languages acquired late in life, especially if they are learn throughlimitedinteract

43、ioiisi the classroomor dullydelivered）ver computer screensand headphones, enter our minds lacking the emotionality that is present for their native speakers. 38. What does “this question” 訕 Phrafer to?What contributes to ones language improvements?Is it necessary to learn more than one foreign langu

44、age?Does the language one uses influence ones moral judgments?How do people deal with moral dilemmas in a foreign language?When the “trolley problem” was presented in a foreign language, volunteers were more like to .care less about the five peoplepull the switch to the side tracksremain hesitant ab

45、out what to dosacrifice the stranger on the footbridgeThe underlined word in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to .A. considerationB. guidance C. selection D. arrangementWhat can we learn from the last two paragraphs?Bilingual people are less emotional than others.Native language learning involves g

46、reater emotions.Childhood memories limit foreign language learning.Academic settings promote foreign language learning.DWe talkcontinuouslyibout how to make childrennore “resilie有恢復(fù)力的）”but whatever were doing, it not working. Rates of anxiety disordersand depression are rising rapidly among teenager

47、s. What are we doing wrong?Nassim Taleb inventedthe word “antifragiae” used it tdescribea small but very important class of systems that gain from shocks, challenges, and disordfeffi 的）e immune （ system is one of them: it requires exposure to certain kinds of bacteria and過otential allergen 敏原）in chi

48、ldhood in order to develop to its full ability.Children social andmotionalabilitieseas antifragiae theirimmune systems.Ifwe overprotect kids and keep them “safe” from unpleasant social situations and negative emotions we deprive剝奪）them of the challenges and opportunities for skill-building they need

49、 to grow strong.Such childrenare likelyto suffermore when exposed laterto otherunpleasanlbut ordinary life events, such as teasing and social rejection.Its not the kids fault. In the UK, as in the US, piairelmtiBobecfeaerful in the 1980s and 1990s as cable TV and later the Internet exposed everyone,

50、 more and more, to those rare occurrences of crimes and accidents that now occur less and less. Outdoor play and independent mobility went down; screen time and adult-monitored activities went up.Yet free play in which kids work out their own rules of engagement, take small risks, and learn to maste

51、r small dangers turns out to be vital for the development of adult social and eve: physicalcompetence. Deprivingthem of freeplay preventstheirsocial-emotion碰owth. Norwegian playresearcherEllenSandseterand LeifKennairwarned: “Wemay observean increased anxiety or mental disorders in society if childre

52、n are forbidden from participating i: adequate risky play.”They wrote those words in 2011. Over the following few years, their prediction came true. Kids born after 1994 are sufferingnUcronhigher rates of anxiety disorders and depression than did the previous generation. Besides, there is also a ris

53、e in the rate at which teenage gi admitted to hospital for deliberately harming themselves.What can we do to change these trends? How can we raise kids strong enough to handle the ordinaryand extraordinarchallengeof life?Ve can guaranteethatgivingprimaryschool childremore independencetodaywillbringd

54、own therateof teenagesuicidetomorrow. The linksbetween childhoodoverprotecticand teenagemental illnesare suggestiv由ut not clear-cut. Yet there are good reasons to suspect that by depriving our naturally antifragile ki the wide range of experiences they need to become strong, we are systematically pr

55、eventing thei: growth. We should le-god let them grow.Why does the author mention the immune system in Paragraph 2?To stress its importance.To analyze the cause of anxiety.To question the latest discovery.To help understand a new word.Parents overprotect children because .they are concerned about th

56、eir childrens safetythey want to keep children from being teasedparent-monitored activities are a mustchildren are not independent enoughAccording to the author, free play can .promote childrens resiliencestrengthen childrens friendshipreducehildrens risky behaviordevelop childrens leadership skills

57、Which of the following does the author probably agree with?Stop trying to perfect your child.It takes great courage to raise children.Prepare the child for the road, not the road for the child.While we tryto teachour childreiallaboutlifeour childreiteachus what lif&sall about.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短

58、文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng) 為多余選項(xiàng)。Today studentsare surroundedby informationThe abilityo figureout exactlywhy authorswrit-and not acceptevery opinionas fac-is a key skill. 46 The following strategies teach them how to figure out why authors really write.Start with why. “Why did the author wri

59、te this piece?” is the key quesfeintifysked to i author purpose.To helpstudentexpand theirinderstandingf “why,”5ostvarioustypesof nonfiction （an advertisement, opinion article, news article, etc.） around your classroom and ha students quickly identify a purpose forHeach.Talk about structurAuthorsuse

60、 differensttructureisDrdifferenturposes.For example, one authormay use time orderto explainan event,while anotherauthoruses compare and contrast to put that event into context.48 Often when authorswrite,theyreryingto get readersto feela certaiiway. Perhapsthe authorof an articlebout whale conservati