2022年考研考博-考博英語-昆明理工大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號33

1、住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-昆明理工大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題Of the great variety of opinions concerning “marriage for money”，the following three are important with reference to the development of the importance of money. Marriages based exclusively upon economic motives have

2、 not only existed in all periods and at all stages of development, but are particularly common among primitive groups and conditions where they do not cause any offence at all. The disparagement of personal dignity that nowadays arises in every marriage that is not based on personal affection so tha

3、t a sense of decency requires the concealment of economic motives does not exist in simpler cultures. The reason for this development is that increasing individualization makes it increasingly contradictory and discreditable to enter into purely individual relationships for other than purely individ

4、ual reasons.For nowadays the choice of a partner in marriage is no longer determined by social motives (though regard for the offspring may be considered to be such a motive), in so far as society does not insist upon the couples equal social status a condition, however, that provides a great deal o

5、f latitude and only rarely leads to conflicts between individual and social interests. In a quite undifferentiated society it may be relatively irrelevant who marries whom, irrelevant not only for the mutual relationship of the couple but also for the offspring. This is because where the constitutio

6、ns, state of health, temperament, internal and external forms of life and orientations are largely the same within the group, the chance that the children will turn out well depends less upon whether the parents agree and complement each other than it does in highly differentiated society. It theref

7、ore seems quite natural and expedient that the choice of the partner should be determined by reasons other than purely individual affection. Yet personal attraction should be decisive in a highly individualized society where a harmonious relationship between two individuals becomes increasingly rare

8、.The declining frequency of marriage which is to be found everywhere in highly civilized cultural circumstances is undoubtedly due, in part, to the fact that highly differentiated people in general have difficulty in finding a completely sympathetic complement to themselves. Yet we do not possess an

9、y other criterion and indication for the advisability of marriage except mutual instinctive attraction. But, happiness is a purely personal matter, decided upon entirely by the couple themselves, and there would be no compelling reason for the official insistence on at least pretending love may be m

10、isleading particularly in the higher strata, whose complicated circumstances often retard the growth of the purest instincts no matter how much other conditions may affect the final results, it remains true that, with reference to procreation, love is decidedly superior to money as a factor selectio

11、n. In fact, in this respect, it is the only right and proper thing.Marriage for money directly creates a situation of panmixia the indiscriminate pairing regardless of individual qualities a condition that biology has demonstrated to be the cause of the most direct and detrimental degeneration of th

12、e human species. In the case of marriage for money, the union of a couple is determined by a factor that has absolutely nothing to do with racial appropriateness just as the regard for money often enough keeps apart a couple who really belong togetherand it should be considered as a factor in degene

13、ration to the same extent to which the undoubted differentiation of individuals makes selection by personal attraction more and more important. This case too illustrates once more that the increasing individualization within society renders money increasingly unsuitable as a mediator of purely indiv

14、idual relationships.1.According to the text, what is said to influence matrimonial compatibility and stability in simpler cultures?2.Marriages motivated by monetary aspirations are more likely not to be camouflaged in what strata of society?3.The marriage rate is said to be decreasing because（ ）.4.H

15、ow is the question of race in relation to marriage similar to the question of money?5.Panmixia is said to（ ）.問題1選項A.Personal dignityB.Economic declineC.Monetary considerationsD.Financial growth問題2選項A.UpperB.MiddleC.LowerD.Lowest問題3選項A.we demand too much of our partnersB.partners dont give compliment

16、sC.people are too differentiated sociallyD.the economic disparity in many regions is growing問題4選項A.They fuel mutual instinctual attraction.B.They inspire individual responsibilities.C.They deflect superficial relationships.D.They prohibit suitable marriages.問題5選項A.aid the selection processB.compleme

17、nt individualizationC.inspire positive resultsD.set up biological decline【答案】第1題:C第2題:D第3題:C第4題:D第5題:D【解析】1.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的Marriages based exclusively upon economic motives have not only existed in all periods and at all stages of development, but are particularly common among primitive groups and co

18、nditions where they do not cause any offence at all.（完全基于經(jīng)濟動機的婚姻不僅存在于所有時期和發(fā)展的所有階段，而且在原始群體和根本不構(gòu)成犯罪的條件下尤其普遍）可知經(jīng)濟因素影響婚姻的兼容性和穩(wěn)定性，因此C選項“貨幣因素”符合題意。2.推理判斷題。由文章第三段中的and there would be no compelling reason for the official insistence on at least pretending love may be misleading particularly in the higher st

19、rata, whose complicated circumstances often retard the growth of the purest instincts（官方堅持至少假裝愛可能會誤導(dǎo)人，這是沒有說服力的理由的尤其是在高層，他們復(fù)雜的環(huán)境常常阻礙最純粹本能的發(fā)展）可推測以金錢愿望為動機的婚姻在社會的高層，更可能偽裝，相反，在社會的最低層，最不可能偽裝，因此選D。3.推理判斷題。由文章第三段中的The declining frequency of marriage which is to be found everywhere in highly civilized cultur

20、al circumstances is undoubtedly due, in part, to the fact that highly differentiated people in general have difficulty in finding a completely sympathetic complement to themselves.（在高度文明的文化環(huán)境中隨處可見的結(jié)婚率下降的部分原因是，高度分化的人很難找到一個完全與符合自己的互補）可知結(jié)婚率下降的部分原因是很難找到與自己互補的人，說明人們之間的差異大，因此C選項“人們在社會上的差異太大”符合題意。4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由

21、文章最后一段中的In the case of marriage for money, the union of a couple is determined by a factor that has absolutely nothing to do with racial appropriateness just as the regard for money often enough keeps apart a couple who really belong together（在為錢而結(jié)婚的情況下，一對夫婦的結(jié)合是由一個與種族適當(dāng)性完全無關(guān)的因素決定的，就像對金錢的重視常常會使真正屬于一對

22、夫婦的人分開一樣）可知D選項“他們阻止合適的婚姻”符合題意。5.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文章最后一段中的Marriage for money directly creates a situation of panmixia the indiscriminate pairing regardless of individual qualities a condition that biology has demonstrated to be the cause of the most direct and detrimental degeneration of the human species.（為錢而

23、結(jié)婚直接造成了一種無差別的情況不分個人素質(zhì)的不分青紅皂白的配對生物學(xué)已經(jīng)證明，這種情況是導(dǎo)致人類物種最直接和最有害的退化的原因）可知D選項“引發(fā)生物衰退”符合題意。2.單選題The question of salary increase will（ ）at the next general meeting.問題1選項A.come offB.come upC.come toD.come through【答案】B【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項come off“成功，離開，舉行，實現(xiàn)”；B選項come up“發(fā)生，被提出，被討論，走近”；C選項come to“恢復(fù)知覺，蘇醒”；D選項come thro

24、ugh“安然度過，批準(zhǔn)通過，獲得成功”。空格處為謂語動詞，其主語為The question of salary increase（增加工資的問題），故B選項符合語境。句意：增加工資的問題將在下一次大會上被提出。3.單選題She was delirious last night, but she seems quite（ ）this morning.問題1選項A.insaneB.lucidC.patientD.messy【答案】B【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項insane“精神失常的，精神錯亂的”；B選項lucid“表達(dá)清楚的，頭腦清晰的，清醒的”；C選項patient“有耐心的，能忍耐的”；D

25、選項messy“骯臟的，凌亂的”。由but（表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系）可知空格處與前面的delirious（極度亢奮的，精神錯亂的）意思相反，因此選B。句意：她昨晚神志不清，但今天早上似乎很清醒。4.單選題A chameleon is a type of reptile that can（ ）the color of its surroundings so that it can not be seen easily.問題1選項A.deal withB.take onC.seek outD.escape from【答案】B【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項deal with“涉及，處理”；B選項take on“

26、呈現(xiàn)，顯出（新面貌或新特點）”；C選項seek out“搜出，找出”；D選項escape from“逃脫”。從句“that can_the color of its surroundings”中的空格處應(yīng)填入一個謂語動詞，其賓語為color，故B選項符合邏輯搭配。句意：變色龍是一種爬行動物，它可以呈現(xiàn)周圍環(huán)境的顏色，因此不容易被看見。5.單選題In court he repeated his（ ）that he was not guilty in front of the jury.問題1選項A.impressionB.alliterationC.clausesD.assertions【答案】

27、D【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項impression“感想，印象，影響”；B選項alliteration“頭韻，頭韻法”；C選項clause“從句，分句，（法律文件等的）條款”；D選項assertion“斷言，聲稱，主張”。由In court（在法庭上）與he was not guilt（他是無罪的）可知D選項符合邏輯搭配。句意：在法庭上，他在陪審團面前重申了他是無罪的聲明。6.單選題Generous public funding of basic science would（ ）considerable benefits for the countrys health, wealth and

28、security.問題1選項A.result fromB.settle downC.lie inD.lead to【答案】D【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項result from“產(chǎn)生于， 由引起”；B選項settle down“定居”；C選項lie in“在于，位于”；D選項lead to“導(dǎo)致，把帶到”。根據(jù)句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系可知選D，表示慷慨的公共資助會給國家?guī)砗锰?。句意：對基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)慷慨的公共資助將為國家的健康、財富和安全帶來可觀的好處。7.單選題（ ）sermons retained their preeminence in religious life during most of t

29、he twentieth century, they are gradually losing that central places as churches devote more energy to social activities.問題1選項A.ForB.AlthoughC.AsD.Since【答案】B【解析】考查連詞辨析。A選項for“因為，由于”；B選項thought“雖然，盡管”；C選項as“當(dāng)時，隨著，照方式， 因為，由于”；D選項since“自以來，由于，既然”。由sermons retained their preeminence（布道保留了它們的優(yōu)勢地位）與they ar

30、e gradually losing that central places（它們逐漸失去了中心位置）可知前后兩句之間表示轉(zhuǎn)折讓步關(guān)系，因此選B。句意：盡管布道在20世紀(jì)的大部分時間里仍然在宗教生活中占據(jù)著主導(dǎo)地位，但隨著教會將更多的精力投入到社會活動中，布道逐漸失去了中心位置。8.單選題I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leave,（ ）something occurred which attracted my attention.問題1選項A.unlessB.untilC.whenD.while【答案】C【解析】考查時間狀語從句。根

31、據(jù)句意可知發(fā)生的事，是在我打算離開的時候，故空格處需要一個連詞引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，排除A、B選項，occurred為短暫性動詞，而while引導(dǎo)的從句動詞必須是持續(xù)性動詞，因此選C。句意：我有些失望且正要離開時，突然發(fā)生了一件事引起了我的注意。9.單選題He was a lonely, miserable（ ）.問題1選項A.feastB.spouseC.wretchD.dignity【答案】C【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項feast“盛宴，宴會，（宗教的）節(jié)日”；B選項spouse“配偶”；C選項wretch“不幸的人，可憐的人”；D選項dignity“尊嚴(yán)，尊貴”。由lonely（孤獨的，孤單

32、的）和miserable（可憐的）可知C選項最符合語境，帶有感情色彩。句意：他是一個孤獨，悲慘的可憐人。10.單選題The waste pipe is blocked; try （ ）it out with hot water, or just call the plumber to do it.問題1選項A.blushingB.crushingC.brushingD.flushing【答案】D【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項blush“臉紅”；B選項crush“壓破，壓碎”；C選項brush“（用刷子）刷凈，刷亮”；D選項flush“發(fā)紅，臉紅，（用水）沖洗”。根據(jù)句意可知此處指用熱水沖洗，因

33、此選D。句意：排污管被堵住了，試試用熱水沖洗，或者叫水管工來做。11.單選題（ ）the way, we set off on foot into the dark night.問題1選項A.The guide ledB.With the guide leadingC.With the guide to leadD.With the guide lead【答案】B【解析】考查非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞的不定式表示將來或目的，過去分詞表示被動，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動。句中的guide（導(dǎo)游）與lead（帶領(lǐng)）之間表示主動關(guān)系，因此選B。句意：在導(dǎo)游的帶領(lǐng)下，我們在黑夜里步行出發(fā)了。12.單選題When s

34、he saw the clouds she went back to the house to （ ）her umbrella.問題1選項A.carryB.fetchC.bringD.reach【答案】B【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項carry“拿，運送，攜帶”，指一般的搬運，多指用人力；B選項fetch“（去）拿來，（去）請來”，指說話人離開說話處，去別處把某人或某物帶來；C選項bring“帶來，引來”，從別處拿某物到說話人處，由遠(yuǎn)及近；D選項reach“到達(dá)”。根據(jù)選項的意思及句意可知選B。句意：當(dāng)她看到了烏云的時候，她回到房子里去拿她的雨傘。13.單選題In general, our so

35、ciety is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-ventilated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and “human-relations” experts; yet all this oiling doe

36、s not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.The worker and

37、 employee are anxious，not only because they might find themselves out of a job; they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life. They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intelle

38、ctually independent and productive human beings.Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or fall behind is not a matter

39、 of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the tight mixture of submissiveness and independence. From that moment on they are tested again and again by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by

40、 their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than ones fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.Am I suggesting that we should return to the p

41、re-industrial mode of production or to nineteenth-century “free enterprise” capitalism? Certainly not. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production

42、and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities those of all love and of reason are the aims of social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man

43、.1.By “a well-oiled cog in the machinery the author intends to render the idea that man is（ ）.2.The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that（ ）.3.From the passage we can infer that real happiness of life belongs to those（ ）.4.To solve the present social problems the author sugg

44、ests that we should（ ）.5.The authors attitude towards industrialism might best be summarized as one of（ ）.問題1選項A.a necessary part of the society though each individuals function is negligibleB.working in complete harmony with the rest of the societyC.an unimportant part in comparison with the rest o

45、f the society, though functioning smoothlyD.a humble component of the society, especially when working smoothly問題2選項A.they are likely to lose their jobsB.they have no genuine satisfaction or interest in lifeC.they are faced with the fundamental realities of human existenceD.they are deprived of thei

46、r individuality and independence問題3選項A.who are at the bottom of the societyB.who are higher up in their social statusC.who prove better than their fellow competitorsD.who could keep far away from this competitive world問題4選項A.resort to the production mode of our ancestorsB.offer higher wages to the w

47、orkers and employeesC.enable man to fully develop his potentialitiesD.take the fundamental realities for granted問題5選項A.approvalB.dissatisfactionC.suspicionD.tolerance【答案】第1題:C第2題:D第3題:D第4題:C第5題:B【解析】1.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless（然而，所有這些潤滑劑并

48、不能改變?nèi)艘呀?jīng)變得毫無力量的事實）可知C選項“與社會其他部分相比不重要的一部分，盡管運行平穩(wěn)”符合題意。2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文章第二段中的They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.（他們生老病死，從來沒有面對過人類作為情感上和智力上獨立和有生產(chǎn)力的人存在的基本現(xiàn)實）可知D選項“他們被剝奪了個性和獨立性”符合

49、題意。3.推理判斷題。由文章第三段中的This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than ones fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress（不斷地需要證明自己和競爭對手一樣好，或者比競爭對手強，這就產(chǎn)生了持續(xù)的焦慮和壓力）可知D選項“能遠(yuǎn)離這個競爭激烈的世界的人”符合題意。4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文章最后一段中的into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his p

50、otentialities those of all love and of reason are the aims of social arrangements（變成一種以人為本的工業(yè)主義，在這種工業(yè)中，在這里人及其潛能愛和理性的充分開發(fā)是所有社會安排的目的）可知C選項“使人能充分發(fā)揮自己的潛力”符合題意。5.觀點態(tài)度題。由文章第一段的內(nèi)容可知作者將社會比作一個機械，人只是這個機械中的一個小齒輪，并對其進(jìn)行了諷刺和批評，因此B選項“不滿”符合題意。14.單選題Plastics are the best insulator of electricity, rubber（ ）it closely

51、.問題1選項A.followingB.followedC.to followD.being followed【答案】A【解析】考查非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞的不定式表示將來或目的，過去分詞表示被動，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動。句中的it指代plastic，此處表示rubber緊跟plastic后面，為主動關(guān)系，因此選A。句意：塑料是最好的絕緣材料，橡膠緊隨其后。15.單選題The（ ）view in Britain and other Western countries associates aging with decline, dependency, isolation, and often pover

52、ty.問題1選項A.predominantB.credulousC.inclusiveD.sustainable【答案】A【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項predominant“主要的，占主導(dǎo)地位的”；B選項credulous“輕信的，易受騙的”；C選項inclusive“包括的，包羅廣泛的”；D選項sustainable“可持續(xù)的”。此處表示英國和其他西方國家的主要觀點，故選A。句意：英國和其他西方國家的主流觀點認(rèn)為，老齡化通常與衰落、依賴、孤立以及貧窮有關(guān)。16.單選題In spite of my repeated apologies, she never forgave me for my

53、（ ）her private affairs.問題1選項A.potential forB.expertise ofC.intrusion intoD.injection into【答案】C【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項potential for“有潛能/可能”；B選項expertise of“專業(yè)技能/知識”；C選項intrusion into“侵入，侵犯，侵?jǐn)_”；D選項injection into“注射，注入”。由private affairs（隱私）可知C選項符合邏輯搭配。句意：盡管我一再道歉，但她不會原諒我侵犯了她的隱私。17.單選題It is rather（ ）that we still

54、 do not know how many species there are in the world today.問題1選項A.misleadingB.boringC.embarrassingD.demanding【答案】C【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項misleading“誤導(dǎo)性的”；B選項boring“無聊的，無趣的”；C選項embarrassing“使人尷尬的，令人為難的”；D選項demanding“要求高的，要求極嚴(yán)的”。句中的it為形式主語，that引導(dǎo)主語從句，由“we still do not know how many species there are in the wo

55、rld today（我們?nèi)匀徊恢澜裉焓澜缟嫌卸嗌俜N物種）”可知C選項符合語境。句意：我們現(xiàn)在還不知道世界上有多少物種，這是相當(dāng)令人尷尬的。18.單選題Benjamin Franklin, tactless in his youth, became so diplomatic, so（ ）at handling people that he was made American Ambassador to France.問題1選項A.shrewdB.foxyC.considerateD.adroit【答案】D【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項shrewd“精明的，敏銳的”，指有頭腦，善于判斷分析，精

56、明過人；B選項foxy“狡猾的”；C選項considerate“考慮周到的，體貼的”；D選項adroit“（尤指待人接物）精明的，干練的，機敏的”。根據(jù)空格處前后句意，可知空格處與tactless（得罪人的，不圓通的）表示的意思相反，因此選D。句意：本杰明富蘭克林，年輕時并不圓滑，后來變得很有外交手腕，善于與人打交道，因此被任命為美國駐法國大使。19.單選題I second Mr. Smiths motion that we（ ）a special board to examine the problem.問題1選項A.set upB.have to set upC.are to set up

57、D.may set up【答案】A【解析】考查虛擬語氣。在英語中，表示“命令、建議、愿望、要求”等的詞（不管是動詞、名詞、形容詞）之后的從句用should+動詞原詞，而且should可以省略。句中的motion表示“提議”，其后是由that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句，因此選A。句意：我贊成史密斯先生的提議，即我們成立一個專門委員會來審查這個問題。20.單選題（ ）scientists have observed increased pollution in the water supply.問題1選項A.LateB.LaterC.LatterD.Lately【答案】D【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項lat

58、e“晚的”；B選項later“后來的，以后，其后”；C選項latter“（剛提及的兩者中）后者的，（系列中）最后的”；D選項lately“最近，近來”。根據(jù)have observed可知句子為現(xiàn)在完成時，因此選D。句意：最近，科學(xué)家們觀察到供水中的污染增加了。21.單選題Barry had an advantage over his mother （ ）he could speak French.問題1選項A.since thatB.in thatC.at thatD.so that【答案】B【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項since that“從那以后”；B選項in that“因為，在于”；C選

59、項at that“而且，因此”；D選項so that“以便”。根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系可知空格后面表示的是原因，因此選B。句意：Barry比他媽媽有優(yōu)勢，因為他會講法語。22.單選題One of the wrong notions about science is that many scientific discoveries have come about（ ）.問題1選項A.accordinglyB.accidentallyC.artificiallyD.additionally【答案】B【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項accordingly“照著，相應(yīng)地，因此”；B選項accidentally“偶然

60、地，意外地，非故意地”；C選項artificially“人工的，人造的”；D選項additionally“此外”?？崭裉幐痹~修飾動詞，B選項符合語境。句意：關(guān)于科學(xué)的錯誤觀念之一是許多科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)是偶然發(fā)生的。23.單選題No woman can be too rich or too thin. This saying often attributed to the late Duchess of Windsor embodies much of the odd spirit of our times. Being thin is deemed as such a virtue.The probl