11.2空課第四講-非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式

1、第四講非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞-不定式(講義) 姓名 班級(jí)一、動(dòng)詞不定式的形式 肯定式：to do sth.否認(rèn)式：not to do sth.被動(dòng)式：to be done完成式：to have done二、動(dòng)詞不定式的用法 1、作主語(yǔ) A.動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：(1 )To see is to believe.(2)To master English gives us much help in the study of science.B.不定式或不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，常用it作 主語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成“It is+形容詞(+for sb.)+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。Its rude to lum your b

2、ack to your teacher and refuse to answer. 真題鏈接.(2014 遼寧，短文改錯(cuò))It is difficult to understanding why she barks every minute shes outside.(2016 陜西西安中學(xué)第四次質(zhì)檢,65) There is no easy way to success in language learning. A good memory is a great help, but it is not enough only (memorize) rules from a grammar b

3、ook.2、作賓語(yǔ)A.動(dòng)詞后直接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有許多，如mean, decide, fail, wish, expect, promise, pretend, choose, want, would like to, intend, plan 等等。I mean to go there alone.B.不定式短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果還帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，往往把不定式短語(yǔ)放在賓補(bǔ)之后，而用 it作 賓語(yǔ)。句型為：主語(yǔ)+find (make,feel, think, believe, consider, etc) +it+形容詞/名詞+to do sth.翻譯：我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)好英語(yǔ)并不太難。C.動(dòng)詞不定式還可

4、以用作介詞賓語(yǔ)，但僅限于介詞except和but (除了)。They did nothing except( work).There is no choice but( wait).真題鏈接.There was nothing to do in the evening but. A.read B.to read C.reading D.is reading.There is nothing we can do but wait.A. as calm as possible B. as possible as we can C. as calm as we can D. as calmly as

5、 we can. (2014陜西西安工大附中五次訓(xùn)練，14)一How did you know the surprising news?一I happened(cover) the event then.3、作表語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)：A、是主語(yǔ)有不定式充當(dāng)；B、是主語(yǔ)由抽象名詞充當(dāng)。To teach is to learn.My job is to help Che patient.【注意】如果在主語(yǔ)中(通常在主語(yǔ)從句或修飾主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句中)又實(shí)意動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，作 表語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式省略tOoAll I want to do now (What I want to do now) is Ell my

6、 stomach.真題鏈接feel it is your husband who for the spoiled child.A. is to blame B. is going to blame C. is to be blamed D. should blamestopped to listen, and my son seemed himself in the living room.A. to enjoy, to shutB. to be enjoying, shuttingC. to be enjoying, shutD. to have enjoyed, having shut4、

7、作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)【注意】在感官動(dòng)詞(“五看，二聽，一感覺”：look at, see, watch, notice, observe, hear, listen to, feel,等)和使役動(dòng)詞“三讓” (let, have, make )后的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)中，不定式不帶to。但這 類句子變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，必須帶to。(let, have,一般不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))I saw him play in the park.f He was seen.The boss made those men work day and night.f Those men were made.真題鏈接1.(2013 陜西，13) L

8、et those in need that we will go all out to help them.A. to understand B.understand C.understandingD.understood2.1 expect you(come) earlier tomorrow.5、作定語(yǔ)A、不定式與被修飾的名詞往往構(gòu)成邏輯上的關(guān)系。如名詞為不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成主謂 關(guān)系；假設(shè)名詞為邏輯賓語(yǔ)，那么構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系；He is not a man to tell lies.There will not be enough space to stand in on the eart

9、h.B、作定語(yǔ)的不定式與所修飾的名詞之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，不定式動(dòng)詞又是不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，應(yīng)在 該動(dòng)詞上加上一個(gè)介詞，如：He is a pleasant person to work with.He is said the best way to travel by is on foot.【注意】.作定語(yǔ)的不定式如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的地 點(diǎn)、工具等，不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞。He is looking for a room to live in.不定式所修飾的名詞如果是time, place或way,不定式后面的介詞習(xí)慣上要省去。He had no money a

10、nd no place to live 年. something, anything, nothing, everything等復(fù)合不定代詞常用不定式做后置定適。Have you anything to send?。Have you anything to be sent?。真題鏈接. (2013匕京,21) Volunteering gives you a chance lives, including your own.A.changeB.changingC.changedD.to change.(2016 四川，64) For 25 days, she never left her ba

11、by, not even to find something(eat)!.The best way(see) the paintings is to start from the top floor and walk down to thebottom.6、作狀語(yǔ)1）不定式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可表示目的，原因，結(jié)果或條件。如： r m very glad to hear the news.2）不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，?？膳cto, in order to, so as to連用。He got up early so as not to be late.3）不定式可以跟在表語(yǔ)的形容詞之后作狀語(yǔ)。The ques

12、tion is difficult to answer.*不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)常用如下句型： too +形容詞/副詞+ to do sth.名詞/形容詞/副詞+ enough + to do sth.enough+名 詞 +to do sth.such + （形容詞）名詞 +as to do sth.so +形容詞/副詞+ as to do sth.【翻譯】1 .他太小了，不能去參軍。.2他足夠大了，可以去參軍。.家里有足夠的糧食吃。.他人很好以至于他愿意幫助別人。. 真題鏈接.（2015 湖南，34） Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow s

13、tudents what isbothering them.A.to talk overB.talked overC.talk overD.having talked over.（2014 江蘇，28） The idea “happiness ,will not sit still for easy definitions. A.to be rigidB.to be sureC.to be perfectD.to be fair7、獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)常見用作獨(dú)立成分的不定式：to tell you the truthto be frank to tell you the truthto be frank

14、 to be briefto be exactto conclude=to sum upto begin withto make a long story short to say nothing ofto be sureto do him justice so to speak8、與疑問詞等連用疑問詞“what, who, which, how, when, where+動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中起名詞作用，可 充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等。（why除外）真題鏈接.It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knowi

15、t what to do withit what to do withit what to do withwhat to do it withit what to do withwhat to do it withC. what to do with itD. to do what with it. When we should hold the meeting is still to be discussed.When the meeting is still to be discussed.Jane doesnt know how she can improve her Chinese.J

16、ane doesnt know improve her Chinese.第四講非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞-不定式(作業(yè))I .單項(xiàng)選擇This company was the first portable radios as well as cassette tape recorders in the world.A. producing B. to produce C. having produced D. producedThe purpose of new technology is to make life easier,it more difficult.A .not making B. not m

17、ake C .not to make D. nor to makeHelen had to shout above the sound of the music .A .making herself hear B. to make herself hear C.making herself heard D .to make herself heardI don t know whether you happen ,but I am going to study in the U.S.A this September.A .to be heard. B. to be hearing C .to

18、hear D .to have heardThe news reporters hurried to the airport, only the film stars had left.A .to tellB .to be toldC .tellingD .toldYou were silly not your car.A. to lockB. to have locked C. lockingD. having lockedThe teacher asked us so much noise.A .don t make B. not make C. not making D .not to

19、makeAn army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered clear warnings beforefiring any shots.A .to issue B. being issued C. to have issued D. to be issuedr d rather have a room of my own, however small it is, than a room with someone else.A. to share B. to have shared C. shareD. shari

20、ngThe bank is reported in the local newspaper in broad daylight yesterday.A. robbed B. to have been robbed C. being robbed D. having been robbed n.單句填空1. While she lived, her front gate was always locked and no one ever saw her(leave) or saw anybody(go) in.1 tried(persuade) him(agree) with you proposal.She rushed out of the room without giving me a chance(explain).Did you remember(lock) the door?No, I didn t. V d better go back and(do) it.The baby needs(look) after.He is said(send) to hospital already.The library assistant doesn