主謂一致和就近就遠(yuǎn)原則

主謂一致和就近就遠(yuǎn)原則就近一致原則也稱(chēng)“鄰近原則”“就近一致原則”，即：謂語(yǔ)與靠近的名詞、代詞（有時(shí)不一定是主語(yǔ)）在“人稱(chēng)、人數(shù)”上一致。一、在正式文體中：1.由下列詞語(yǔ)連接的并列主語(yǔ)： “therebe+句型；oreither...or;nor;neither...nor;whether...or;not...but;notonly...but also等”。Eg.Whathedoesorwhathesaysdoesnotconcernme.他的行為或言談與我無(wú)關(guān)。(2)NeitheryounorIamwrong.你和我都沒(méi)錯(cuò)。(3)Notyoubutyourfatheristoblame.不是你，而是你的父親該受責(zé)備。(4)Notonlyyoubut(also)heiswrong.不僅你錯(cuò)了，他也錯(cuò)了。2.在倒裝句中，謂語(yǔ)可與后面第一個(gè)主語(yǔ)一致。Eg.(1)Inthedistancewasheardtheclappingofhandsandtheshoutsofthepeople.在遠(yuǎn)處，能聽(tīng)見(jiàn)鼓掌和人們的呼喊聲。Thereis(are)apenandsomebooksonthedesk.桌上有一支鋼筆和幾本書(shū)。非正式文體中：1/5有時(shí)依“就近”和“意義”一致的原則；但語(yǔ)法上，“noone才”是主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)要改成“agrees?！薄皩?xiě)作中”一般要依“語(yǔ)法一致”原則?？偨Y(jié)：英語(yǔ)就近原則短語(yǔ)Therebe句型 Thereisabookandsomepencilsonthedesk.=Therearesomepencilsandabookonthedesk.Neither...nor...Neitheryounorheisright.=Neitherhenoryouareright.either...or...EithertheyorJimisgoingtoShanghainextSaturday.=EitherJimortheyaregoingtoShanghainextSaturday.notonly...butalso...NotonlyAnnbutalsoherparentsstayathomeeverySunday.=NotonlyAnn ’sparentsbutalsoshestaysathomeeverySunday.就遠(yuǎn)原則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面主語(yǔ)一致代表詞匯：aswellas;(together/along)with;Ratherthan;except;besides;but;including;inadditionto;apartfrom例子：HeratherthanIisright.Nobodybuttwostudentsisintheclassroom.主謂一致2/5當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面與 with,aswellas,but,except,like,ratherthan,nolessthan,besides,including等+名詞或代詞連用時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與第一個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持一致。Theteacher,with6girlsand8boysofherclass,___visitingamuseumwhentheearthquakestruck.A.was B.were C.hadbeen D.wouldbe2.Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks___tothenationasagift.A.isofferedB.hasofferedC.areofferedD.haveofferedA.isplayingB.haveplayedC.areplayingD.play4.NobodybutJane___thesecret.A.know B.knows C.haveknown D.isknown5.Allbutone___herejustnow.A.is B.was C.hasbeen D.were二、當(dāng)either...or..;neither...nor..;notonly...butalso..等連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與靠近它的主語(yǔ)保持一致。6.Eitheryouortheheadmaster___theprizestothesegiftedstudentsatthemeeting.A.washandingoutB.aretohandoutC.arehandingoutD.istohandout7.NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary____tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.3/5三、當(dāng)“theonlyoneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語(yǔ)從句”，且關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句xx主語(yǔ)時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，當(dāng)“oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語(yǔ)從句”，且關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句xx主語(yǔ)時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。8.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho___awinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.9.Sheisoneofthefewgirlswho___inthekindergarten.A.iswellpaidB.arewellpaidC.ispayingwellD.arepayingwell四、當(dāng)news,means,maths,plastics,physics等在形式上是復(fù)數(shù)概念，而在意義上是單數(shù)概念的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。10.Everypossiblemeans___topreventthepollution,buttheskyisstillnotclear.A.isused B.areused C.hasbeenused D.havebeenused五、當(dāng)分?jǐn)?shù)（百分?jǐn)?shù)）+of+名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)取決于of后面名詞的數(shù)。11._____ofthelandinthatdistrcit_____coveredwithtreesandglass.A.Twofifth;isB.Twofifth;areC.Twofifths;isD.Twofifths;are六、thenumberof...(...的數(shù)目)短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；當(dāng)anumberof...(許多...)短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。12.Thenumberofpeopleinvited___fifty,butanumberofthem___absentfordifferentreasons.A.were;was B.was;was C.was;wasD.were;were七