2022年考研考博-考博英語-中國財(cái)政科學(xué)研究院考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號86

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-中國財(cái)政科學(xué)研究院考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Sometimes______toplacephysicsandchemistryintoseparatecategories.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thatisdifficult

B.isdifficult

C.itisdifficult

D.thatisdifficult

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定句型。句意：有時(shí)很難把物理和化學(xué)分成不同類別。Itisdifficulttodosth.意為“做某事很困難”，所以C選項(xiàng)itisdifficult符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Fibersofhairandwoolarenotcontinuousandmustnormallybespunintothread______wovenintotextilefabrics.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.asarethey

B.whentobe

C.thattheyare

D.iftheyaretobe

【答案】D

【解析】考查狀語從句。句意：毛發(fā)和羊毛纖維是無法連續(xù)不斷，如果要織成紡織織物，通常必須紡成線。橫線到句尾部分為條件狀語從句。betodo可用于條件狀語從句，意為“如果想……”；根據(jù)fibers和weave的被動(dòng)關(guān)系確定用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，D選項(xiàng)iftheyaretobe符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Theorganizationissueacryofalarmlastweekciting“______evidence”thatthosechildrenarenotreceivingthesamequalityofeducationastheirricherpeers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.comparing

B.completing

C.compelling

D.composing

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)comparing“比較”；B選項(xiàng)completing“完整”；C選項(xiàng)compelling“令人信服的，引人注目的”；D選項(xiàng)composing“組成；創(chuàng)作；起鎮(zhèn)靜作用的”。句意：該組織在上周發(fā)出了警告，稱有令人信服的證據(jù)表明，這些孩子沒有得到與富裕孩子同等的教育。根據(jù)語境，C選項(xiàng)compelling“令人信服的，引人注目的”搭配evidence“證據(jù)”比較合理，符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Somuchdataindicatetheworld’sprogresstowardsmeetingtheMillenniumDevelopmentGoals(MDGs),asetoftargetsadoptedbyworldleadersattheUNmorethantenyearsago.Butthegoal-settingexercisehasfurtherpitfalls.Toooften,thegoalsarereducedtoworkingouthowmuchmoneyisneededtomeetaparticulartarget.Yetthecountriesthathavemademostprogressincuttingpovertyhavelargelydonesonotbyspendingpublicmoney,butbyencouragingfastereconomicgrowth.AsShantaDevarajan,theWorldBank’schiefeconomistforAfrica,pointsout,growthdoesnotjustmakemoremoneyavailableforsocialspending.Italsoincreasesthedemandforsuchthingsasschooling,andthushelpsmeetotherdevelopmentgoals.Yetthegoals,asdrawnup,madenomentionofeconomicgrowth.

Ofcoursegrowthbyitselfdoesnotsolvealltheproblemsofthepoor.Itisalsoclearthatwhilemoneyhelps,howitisspentandwhatitisspentonareenormouslyimportant.Forinstances,campaignersoftenaskformoretobespentonprimaryeducation.Butthroughoutthedevelopingworldteachersonthepublicpayrollareoftenabsentfromschool.Teacher-absenteeismratesarearound20%inruralKenya,27%inUgandaand14%inEcuador.

Inanycase,moneythatisallocatedforsuchservicesrarelyreachesitsintendedrecipients.Astudyfoundthat70%ofthemoneyallocatedfordrugsandsuppliesbytheUgandagovernmentin2000waslost;inGhana,80%wassiphonedoff.Moneyneedstobespent,therefore,notmerelyonbuildingmoreschoolsorhiringmoreteachers,butongettingthemtodowhattheyarepaidfor,andpreventingresourcesfromdisappearingsomewherebetweenthecentralgovernmentandtheirsupposeddestination.

Thegoodnewsisthatpolicyexperimentscarriedoutbygovernments,NGOs,academicsandinternationalinstitutionsareslowlybuildingupabodyofevidenceaboutmethodsthatwork.Alarge-scaleevaluationinAndhraPradeshinsouthernIndiawasshown,forexample,thatperformancepayforteachersisthreetimesaseffectiveatraisingpupil’stestscoresastheequivalentamountspentonschoolsupplies.

AndinUgandathegovernment,appalledthatmoneymeantforschoolswasnotreachingthem,tooktopublicizinghowmuchwasbeingallotted,usingradioandnewspaper.Moneywastagewasdramaticallyreduced.TheWorldBankhopestobringsuchinnovationstothenoticeofothergovernmentsduringthesummit,ifitcan.Forifthedriveagainstpovertysucceed,itwillowemoretosuchideasandwiderusethantotargetssetatUN-sponsoredsummits.

26.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingmeritscan’twederivefromeconomicgrowth?

27.Teacher-absenteeismiscitedasexample________.

28.Accordingtotheauthor,weshould________whendealingwithallocatedmoney.

29.Onwhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthormostprobablyagree?

30.Wemayinferfromthelastparagraphthat________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itincreasesotherdemandssuchaseducation.

B.ItmayhelpthegovernmenttofulfillMillenniumDevelopmentGoals.

C.Fastergrowthwillliftthepooroutofpoverty.

D.Economicgrowthmaysolvesomeproblemsofthepoor.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.tocallforgovernmentsapplyperformancepaytoteachers

B.tounderlinetheimportanceofmoneyshouldbespentonwhereitisneeded

C.tostatethattheallocatedmoneyshouldgetstaffstodowhattheyarepaidfor

D.toshowthatAfricancountrieshavealongwaytogobeforereachingtheUN’sgoalposts

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.avoidtheleakageofmoney

B.givetheanti-povertyplansthepriority

C.promoteeducationtoahigherlevel

D.improvepublicinfrastructurefirst

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Economicgrowthdoesnotmakemoremoneyavailableforsocialspending.

B.MoneyleakageisabigproblemthatAfricaencounters.

C.MillenniumDevelopmentGoalsmayinvolveeachcountry’sGDPgrowth.

D.MillenniumDevelopmentGoalshavecometobeseenasapplyingtoeachdevelopingcountry.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theWorldBankplaysanimportantroleinhelpingUgandafixmoneyleakage

B.moneyleakageisrampantlyflourishinginUganda

C.MillenniumDevelopmentGoalsmayhavefailedinliftingthepooroutofpoverty

D.innovativeideasshouldcomebeforetargetssetbyUN

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】26.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第一、二句Ofcoursegrowthbyitselfdoesnotsolvealltheproblemsofthepoor.Itisalsoclearthatwhilemoneyhelps,howitisspentandwhatitisspentonareenormouslyimportant.（當(dāng)然，增長本身并不能解決窮人的所有問題。同樣明顯的是，雖然錢有幫助，但如何花，花在什么地方非常重要。），可知經(jīng)濟(jì)增長對于脫貧有幫助，但是不能根治，C選項(xiàng)“更快的增長將使貧困人口擺脫貧困”不符合文章意思，所以正確，錢在脫貧上有幫助，D選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)增長可能解決窮人的一些問題”符合文章意思，故錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“增加了其他需求，如教育”：根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句Italsoincreasesthedemandforsuchthingsasschooling（它還增加了對教育等方面的需求），可知符合文章意思，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“可能有助于政府實(shí)現(xiàn)千年發(fā)展目標(biāo)”：根據(jù)第一段第一句和第三句Somuchdataindicatetheworld’sprogresstowardsmeetingtheMillenniumDevelopmentGoals(MDGs)…Toooften,thegoalsarereducedtoworkingouthowmuchmoneyisneededtomeetaparticulartarget.（如此多的數(shù)據(jù)表明，世界在實(shí)現(xiàn)千年發(fā)展目標(biāo)（MDGs）方面取得了進(jìn)展……通常，目標(biāo)被簡化為計(jì)算需要多少錢來達(dá)到一個(gè)特定的目標(biāo)。），可知符合文章意思，故錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

27.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句Itisalsoclearthatwhilemoneyhelps,howitisspentandwhatitisspentonareenormouslyimportant.（同樣明顯的是，雖然錢有幫助，但如何花，花在什么地方非常重要。），這是這段的主要論點(diǎn)，老師缺勤的例子是為了證明如何花錢很重要，所以B選項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)調(diào)錢應(yīng)該花在需要的地方的重要性”正確。A選項(xiàng)“要求政府對教師實(shí)行績效工資”，C選項(xiàng)“說明拿了相應(yīng)的工資就要做相應(yīng)的工作”和D選項(xiàng)“表明非洲國家在達(dá)到聯(lián)合國的目標(biāo)之前還有很長的路要走”：不是這一段表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

28.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句Moneyneedstobespent,therefore,notmerelyonbuildingmoreschoolsorhiringmoreteachers,butongettingthemtodowhattheyarepaidfor,andpreventingresourcesfromdisappearingsomewherebetweenthecentralgovernmentandtheirsupposeddestination.（因此，資金不應(yīng)該僅僅花在建設(shè)更多的學(xué)?；蚬蛡蚋嗟慕處熒希鴳?yīng)該花在讓他們做他們該做的事情上，防止資源在中央政府和他們預(yù)期的目的地之間消失。），可知作者認(rèn)為最應(yīng)該做的是讓金錢去到該去的地方發(fā)揮作用，所以A選項(xiàng)“不讓錢流失（被挪用）”正確，C選項(xiàng)“提高教育水平”不是花錢的主要方向，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“優(yōu)先考慮脫貧計(jì)劃”：在這里范圍太廣不符合題意，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“優(yōu)先建設(shè)公共設(shè)施”：文章沒有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

29.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第三段第二句Astudyfoundthat70%ofthemoneyallocatedfordrugsandsuppliesbytheUgandagovernmentin2000waslost;inGhana,80%wassiphonedoff.（一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，2000年烏干達(dá)政府分配給藥品和供應(yīng)品的資金有70%不見了；而在加納，80%的資金被挪用。），可知非洲國家的資金流失現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重，所以B選項(xiàng)“資金流失是非洲遇到的一個(gè)大問題”符合文章意思，正確。A選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)增長并沒有使更多的錢用于社會(huì)支出”：根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第三句growthdoesnotjustmakemoremoneyavailableforsocialspending（經(jīng)濟(jì)增長不僅僅是為社會(huì)支出提供了更多資金），可知不符合文章意思，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“千年發(fā)展目標(biāo)可能涉及每個(gè)國家的國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長”和D選項(xiàng)“千年發(fā)展目標(biāo)已被視為適用于每個(gè)發(fā)展中國家”：文章沒有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

30.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第三句TheWorldBankhopestobringsuchinnovationstothenoticeofothergovernmentsduringthesummit,ifitcan.Forifthedriveagainstpovertysucceed,itwillowemoretosuchideasandwiderusethantotargetssetatUN-sponsoredsummits.（如果可能的話，世界銀行希望在峰會(huì)期間讓其他國家的政府注意到這些創(chuàng)新。因?yàn)槿绻毨У倪\(yùn)動(dòng)取得成功，它將更多地歸功于這些想法和更廣泛的應(yīng)用，而不是在聯(lián)合國主辦的峰會(huì)上設(shè)定的目標(biāo)。），可知世界銀行鼓勵(lì)創(chuàng)新的想法，而不是聯(lián)合國設(shè)立的目標(biāo)，所以D選項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)新的想法應(yīng)該先于聯(lián)合國設(shè)定的目標(biāo)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“世界銀行在幫助烏干達(dá)解決資金流失問題方面發(fā)揮了重要作用”和B選項(xiàng)“資金流失在烏干達(dá)經(jīng)常發(fā)生”：根據(jù)第五段第一、二句AndinUgandathegovernment,appalledthatmoneymeantforschoolswasnotreachingthem,tooktopublicizinghowmuchwasbeingallotted,usingradioandnewspaper.Moneywastagewasdramaticallyreduced.（而在烏干達(dá)，政府因本應(yīng)給學(xué)校的錢沒有送到他們手中而感到震驚，于是通過廣播和報(bào)紙來公布分配了多少錢。金錢浪費(fèi)大大減少。），可知是政府發(fā)揮了作用，而不是世界銀行，故A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，資金流失因?yàn)檎淖鳛榇蟠鬁p少，故B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“千年發(fā)展目標(biāo)可能未能使窮人擺脫貧困”：最后一段沒有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

TheearlyyearsoftheUnitedStatesgovernmentwerecharacterizedbyadebateconcerning______orindividualstatesshouldhavemorepower.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.whetherthefederalgovernment

B.eitherthefederalgovernment

C.thatthefederalgovernment

D.thefederalgovernment

【答案】A

【解析】考查狀語從句。句意：美國政府早期的特點(diǎn)是一場關(guān)于是聯(lián)邦政府還是州政府應(yīng)該擁有更多權(quán)力的辯論。根據(jù)題目劃分句子成分可知，concerning到句子結(jié)尾是修飾debate的后置定語，橫線到句子結(jié)尾是修飾concerning的狀語從句；either…or“或者……或者……”，whether…or…“是……還是……”，結(jié)合語境A選項(xiàng)whetherthefederalgovernment符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Nowhereinnatureisaluminumfoundfree,owingtoitsalways_____withotherelements,mostcommonlywithoxygen.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.combined

B.havingcombined

C.combine

D.beingcombined

【答案】D

【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：在自然界中找不到游離的鋁，因?yàn)殇X總是和其他元素結(jié)合在一起，最常見的是和氧結(jié)合在一起，。根據(jù)owingtoits確定用名詞形式，根據(jù)語境確定動(dòng)名詞應(yīng)該是被動(dòng)形式，表示狀態(tài)，D選項(xiàng)beingcombined符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

ThomasEdison’sfirstpatentedinventionwasadevice______inCongress.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.forcountingvotes

B.thatcountingvotes

C.countsvotes

D.countedvotes

【答案】A

【解析】考查后置定語。句意：托馬斯?愛迪生的第一個(gè)專利發(fā)明是在國會(huì)計(jì)算選票的裝置。A選項(xiàng)forcountingvotes表明了裝置的目的，放在句子里作后置定語，符合邏輯和語法，故正確。B選項(xiàng)thatcountingvotes用that引導(dǎo)定語從句應(yīng)該使用謂語動(dòng)詞counts而不是表示主動(dòng)語態(tài)的非謂語動(dòng)詞counting，故錯(cuò)誤；同理，C選項(xiàng)countsvotes應(yīng)該添加that，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)countedvotes的被動(dòng)語態(tài)不符合裝置主動(dòng)發(fā)出計(jì)票動(dòng)作的語境，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

ForalargenumberofyoungadultsinBritainhomeownershiphasbecomeincreasinglydifficulttoachieve,viewedasadistantgoalattainableonlylaterinlife,ifatall.

ThatisasignificantshiftinBritain.ForyearsownersoccupyahigherpercentageofhomesinBritainthanintheUnitedStates,France,orGermany.OnereasonhomeownershipissoattractiveinBritainisbecausepropertyvaluesdroppedlessdrasticallythanintheUnitedStates,inpartbecauseofashortageinhousing.Pricesinsomelargecities,includingLondon,haveevenincreasedrecently.Peoplestillperceiveahometobeabetterandsaferinvestmentthanapensionfund,saidAndrewHull,researchfellowattheInstituteforPublicPolicyResearch.“Homeownershipisalsoculturallyentrenched,”hesaid.“Owningahomeisthemainwayofshowingyoumadeit.”

Thebigshifttowardhomeownershipcameinthe1980swhenMrs.Thatcherissuedright-to-buypolicy,whichallowedmanyinrentedgovernmenthousingtobuytheirhomes.Abouttwomillionhomesweresold,earningthegovernmenttensofbillionsofpounds.Atthesametime,therentalmarketbecameincreasinglyunattractive.UnlikeGermanyandotherContinentalEuropeancountries,Britain’sprivaterentalmarketishighlyfragmented,withmanylandlordsandlawsthatgenerallyfavorthepropertyowner.Mostleasesareforsixmonthsonly,withlandlordsrarelyagreeingtocommittolongerterms;thismakesrentinghighlyinsecure.

Butasthepainofgovernment-imposedausteritysinksindisposableincomehasshrunkandloanrequirementhavetoughened,forcingmoreandmoreBritonsintorentingratherthanbuying.Overthelast10yearsthenumberofpeoplewhoownedhomesheredroppedto67percentfrom70percent.Meanwhile,thenumberofpeopleinprivaterentedhouseroseto16percentfrom10percentoverthesameperiod,accordingtotheOfficeforNationalStatistics.Risingdemandhaspusheduprentsbyanaverageof4.4percentoverthelastyear,accordingtoLSLPropertyService.InLondonrentsincreased7.8percent.

“Agrowingnumberofyoungwould—bebuyersarepreparingforlifelong-renting—bynecessityratherthanchoice,”saidJonathanMoore,directorofeasyroommate.co.uk,apropertyWebsite.CharlotteAshton,30,haslivedinrentedaccommodationseversincesheleftherparent’shometoattenduniversity.Shesaidshewassavingforadownpaymenttobuyherownhome.“Idobelieveinthefundamentalsofowningbricksandmortarassecurityforthefuture,morethanleavingmymoneyinthebanksasalowinterestrate”,saidMs.Ashton,whoworksinpublicrelations.“Butnowitseemsunlessyouhaveaverywellpaidjobandarewillingtosaveeverypenny,it’sunfeasibletobuywithoutthehelpofthebankofMumandDad.”

Someeconomistsareconcernedthatasmorepeopleareforcedtowaittobuyahome,itcouldopenupawideningofthewealthgapthatalreadyexistsbetweenhomeownersandnonhomeowners,endangeringtheretirementprospectsforaswellinggroupofyoungadultstheycall“generationrent.”Itcouldalsohaveimplicationsforthecohesionofneighborhoods,AlisonBlackwell,aresearchdirectorattheNationalCenterforSocialResearchandauthoroftheHalifaxreportsaid.Renterstendtobelessinvolvedinlocalcommunitiesbecausetheyareforcedtomovemoreoften.Andtheeconomyasawholemaysufferbecauserenterstendtocurbspendingtosaveforadeposit.

36.ForBritishpeople,buyinghouseis________.

37.Mrs.Thatcher’sright-to-buypolicyhasledto________.

38.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutGenerationRentistrue?

39.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.

40.Morepeople’sinclinationtorentratherthanbuyahousewillnot________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.adistantgoal

B.asymbolofsuccess

C.acompulsorychoice

D.nothingbutaninvestment

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thehomeownershipbust

B.theeconomicrecovery

C.thehomeownershipboom

D.theeconomicrecession

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyconsiderrentingasalifelongplanratherthanatemporarychoice.

B.Theyareinfaceofeconomicdownturnandariskofearlyretirement.

C.Theydespisetheideaofaskingparentsformoneytobuyhouse.

D.Theystillbelieveintheblessingofhousejustliketheirpreviousgeneration.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.therentalmarketandthebuyingmarketalwaysdevelopinreversedirection

B.itisimpossibleforthefirst-timebuyerstogetamortgageundercurrenteconomicsituation

C.buyinghouseisamoreprofitableinvestmentthanbuyingfundundercurrenteconomicsituation

D.Britain’srealestatemarketislessvolatilethanthatofotherEuropeancountries

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.enlargethewealthdisparitybetweenthehavesandhavenots

B.reducetherenter’scommitmenttothecommunity

C.slowtherecoveryofeconomy

D.curbsocialmobility

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】36.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句Owningahomeisthemainwayofshowingyoumadeit.（擁有房子是證明成功的主要方式。），可知B選項(xiàng)“成功的象征”正確。A選項(xiàng)“遙遠(yuǎn)的目標(biāo)”：根據(jù)第一段第一句ForalargenumberofyoungadultsinBritainhomeownershiphasbecomeincreasinglydifficulttoachieve,viewedasadistantgoalattainableonlylaterinlife,ifatall.（對于英國的很多年輕人來說，擁有住房變得越來越難，這被視為一個(gè)遙遠(yuǎn)的目標(biāo)，如果能實(shí)現(xiàn)，也是在晚年。），可知這是對于英國年輕人來說而不是普遍的英國人，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“必須的選擇”：文章沒有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“除了投資，什么用處都沒有”：Peoplestillperceiveahometobeabetterandsaferinvestmentthanapensionfund（人們?nèi)哉J(rèn)為住房是比養(yǎng)老基金更好、更安全的投資選擇），這里沒有說買房只有投資這一個(gè)用處，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

37.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段第一、二句Mrs.Thatcherissuedright-to-buypolicy…Abouttwomillionhomesweresold,earningthegovernmenttensofbillionsofpounds.（撒切爾夫人頒布了購房權(quán)政策……大約售出了200萬套房子，收入達(dá)數(shù)百億英鎊。），可知撒切爾夫人的政策促進(jìn)許多人買房，所以C選項(xiàng)“很多人買房”正確，A選項(xiàng)“不能買房”錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇”和D選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退”：文章沒有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

38.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第六段第一句Someeconomistsareconcernedthatasmorepeopleareforcedtowaittobuyahome,itcouldopenupawideningofthewealthgapthatalreadyexistsbetweenhomeownersandnonhomeowners,endangeringtheretirementprospectsforaswellinggroupofyoungadultstheycall“generationrent.”（一些經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家擔(dān)心，隨著越來越多的人被迫等待買房，可能會(huì)擴(kuò)大房主和非房主之間已經(jīng)存在的貧富差距，危及日益壯大的被他們稱為“租房一代”的年輕人的退休前景），可知租房一代手里可能會(huì)更沒有錢，退休也會(huì)受到影響，所以B選項(xiàng)“他們面臨著經(jīng)濟(jì)水平下降和提前退休的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”正確；他們被迫等待著買房，說明還是想要快一點(diǎn)買到房，故A選項(xiàng)“他們認(rèn)為租房是一生的計(jì)劃，而不是暫時(shí)的選擇”錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“他們鄙視向父母借錢買房的想法”和D選項(xiàng)“他們像上一輩一樣仍然相信房子帶來的榮譽(yù)”：文章沒有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

39.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第二、三句Abouttwomillionhomesweresold,earningthegovernmenttensofbillionsofpounds.Atthesametime,therentalmarketbecameincreasinglyunattractive.（大約200萬套房子被售出，收入達(dá)數(shù)百億英鎊。與此同時(shí)，租賃市場變得越來越缺乏吸引力。）和第四段第二、三句thenumberofpeoplewhoownedhomesheredroppedto67percentfrom70percent.Meanwhile,thenumberofpeopleinprivaterentedhouseroseto16percentfrom10percentoverthesameperiod（擁有住房的人數(shù)從70%下降到了67%。同時(shí)，私人租房的人數(shù)從10%上升到了16%。），可知買房和租房的此消彼長，所以A選項(xiàng)“租賃市場和購買市場總是朝著相反的方向發(fā)展”正確。B選項(xiàng)“在目前的經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢下，首次購房者不可能獲得抵押貸款”，C選項(xiàng)“在目前的經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢下，買房是比買基金更有利可圖的投資”和D選項(xiàng)“英國的房地產(chǎn)市場比其他歐洲國家的不穩(wěn)定”：文章沒有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

40.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段倒數(shù)第二句Renterstendtobelessinvolvedinlocalcommunitiesbecausetheyareforcedtomovemoreoften.（租房者往往較少參與當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)，因?yàn)樗麄儽黄劝峒腋l繁。），頻繁搬家不會(huì)抑制社會(huì)流動(dòng)性，所以D選項(xiàng)“抑制社會(huì)流動(dòng)性”正確。A選項(xiàng)“擴(kuò)大富人和窮人之間的財(cái)富差距”：根據(jù)第六段第一句asmorepeopleareforcedtowaittobuyahome,itcouldopenupawideningofthewealthgapthatalreadyexistsbetweenhomeownersandnonhomeowners（隨著越來越多的人被迫等待買房，可能會(huì)擴(kuò)大房主和非房主之間已經(jīng)存在的貧富差距）可知更多人租房會(huì)這會(huì)拉大貧富差距，符合文章內(nèi)容，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“削弱租賃者對社區(qū)的承諾”：根據(jù)第六段第二句Itcouldalsohaveimplicationsforthecohesionofneighborhoods（這還可能對社區(qū)的凝聚力產(chǎn)生影響），可知更多人租房會(huì)降低社區(qū)凝聚力，符合文章內(nèi)容，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“減緩經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇”：根據(jù)第六段最后一句Andtheeconomyasawholemaysufferbecauserenterstendtocurbspendingtosaveforadeposit.（而且，由于租房者傾向于節(jié)省開支以支付押金，所以整體經(jīng)濟(jì)可能會(huì)受到影響。），可知更多人租房會(huì)減緩經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，符合文章內(nèi)容，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Thegoodnewsmadeheadlinesnationwide:Deathsfromseveralkindsofcancerhavedeclinedsignificantlyinrecentyears.Butthenewshastobebittersweetformanycancerpatientsandtheirfamilies.Everyyear,morethan500,000peopleintheUnitedStatesstilldieofcancer.Infact,morethanhalfofallpatientsdiagnosedwithcancerwilldieoftheirdiseasewithinafewyears.Andwhileitstruesurvivalislongertodaythaninthepast,thequalityoflifeforthesepatientsisoftengreatlydiminished.Cancer—andmanyofthetreatmentsusedtofightit—causespain,nausea,fatigue,andanxietythatroutinelygoundertreatedoruntreated.

Inthenation’ssingle-mindedfocusoncuringcancer,wehaveinadvertentlydevaluedthecriticalneedforpalliativecare,whichfocusesonalleviatingphysicalandpsychologicalsymptomsoverthecourseofthedisease.Nothingwouldhaveagreaterimpactonthedailylivesofcancerpatientsandtheirfamiliesthangoodsymptomcontrolandsupportivetherapy.YettheNationalCancerInstitute(NCI),thefederalgovernment’sleaderincancerresearchandtraining,spentlessthanonepercentofits1999budgetonanyaspectofresearchortraininginpalliativecare.

Thenationneedstogetseriousaboutreducingneedlesssuffering.NCIshouldcommittoandfundresearchaimedatimprovingsymptomcontrolandpalliativecare.NCIalsocoulddesignate“centersofexcellence”amongthecancercentersitrecognizes.Togetthatdesignation,centerswoulddeliverinnovative,top-qualitypalliativecaretoallsegmentsofthepopulationsthecentersserve;trainprofessionalsinmedicine,nursing,psychology,socialwork,andotherdisciplinestoprovidepalliativecare;andconductresearch.

Insurancecoverageforpalliativeandhospicecarealsocontributestotheproblembyforcingpeopletochoosebetweentreatmentorhospicecare.This“either/or”approachdoesnotreadilyallowthesetwotypesofessentialcaretobeintegrated.TheMedicarehospicebenefitisdesignedspecificallyforpeopleinthefinalstagesofillnessandallowsenrollmentonlyifpatientsareexpectedtosurvivesixmonthsorless.Thebenefitexcludespatientsfromseekingbothpalliativecareandpotentiallylife-extendingtreatment.

Thatmakeshospiceenrollmentanobviousdeterrentformanypatients.Andhospices,whichmayhavethemostskilledpractitionersandthemostexperienceinadministeringpalliativecare,cannotoffertheirservicestopeoplewhocouldreallybenefitbutstillarepursuingactivetreatment.

Itisinnatelyhumantocomfortandprovidecaretothosesufferingfromcancer,particularlythoseclosetodeath.Yetwhatseemsself-evidentatanindividual,personallevelhasnotguidedpolicyatthelevelofinstitutionsinthiscountry.Deathisinevitable,butseveresufferingisnot.Toofferhopeforalonglifeofthehighestpossiblequalityandtodeliverthebestqualitycancercarefromdiagnosestodeath,ourpublicinstitutionsneedtomovetowardpoliciesthatvalueandpromotepalliativecare.

16.Palliativecareisconcernedwithimprovingpatients’________.

17.Accordingtotheauthor,researchonpalliativecare________.

18.Themainproblemofinsurancecoverageforhospicecareandactivetreatmentisthat________.

19.Hospicesoffercancerpatients________.

20.Thistextismainlyabout________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.survivalrates

B.qualityoflife

C.lifespans

D.optionsforhealthinsuranceproviders

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.ismoreimportantthanresearchforcancercures

B.hasbeenoverlookedbyresearchers

C.isvirtuallynon-existent

D.isregardedbyresearchersasafrivoloustopic

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.itdoesnotallowpatientstoseekboth

B.itonlycoverspatientswhoselifeexpectancyislessthansixmonths

C.itdeprivespatientsoftherighttochoosebetweentwoproventreatmentmethods

D.hospicecareisonlycoveredwhenitmayextendapatient’slifeexpectancy

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.analternativetopalliativecare

B.comfortintheirearlystagesofillness

C.skilledandexperiencedpalliativecare

D.analternativetoactivetreatment

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.improvingcancerresearchintheU.S

B.reforminginsurancecoverageforcancerpatients

C.understandingdifferentoptionsforcancertreatmentandcare

D.reducingthesufferingofcancerpatients

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】16.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第一句palliativecare,whichfocusesonalleviatingphysicalandpsychologicalsymptomsoverthecourseofthedisease.（姑息治療的重點(diǎn)是在疾病過程中減輕身體和心理癥狀。）和第二句Nothingwouldhaveagreaterimpactonthedailylivesofcancerpatientsandtheirfamiliesthangoodsymptomcontrolandsupportivetherapy.（沒有什么比平穩(wěn)控制癥狀和支持性治療對癌癥患者及其家人的日常生活影響更大的了。），可知姑息治療對日常生活影響最大，所以B選項(xiàng)“生活質(zhì)量”正確。A選項(xiàng)“存活率”，C選項(xiàng)“壽命”和D選項(xiàng)“健康保險(xiǎn)公司的選擇”不是姑息治療的重點(diǎn)，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

17.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句Inthenation’ssingle-mindedfocusoncuringcancer,wehaveinadvertentlydevaluedthecriticalneedforpalliativecare（在我國一心一意致力于治愈癌癥的同時(shí)，我們無意中低估了對姑息治療的迫切需要）和第三段第一句Thenationneedstogetseriousaboutreducingneedlesssuffering.（國家需要認(rèn)真對待減少不必要的痛苦。），可知在作者看來，姑息治療應(yīng)該更加被重視，所以B選項(xiàng)“被研究者忽視了”正確，沒有說姑息治療比治療癌癥本身更重要，故A選項(xiàng)“比癌癥治療的研究更重要”錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“幾乎不存在”：根據(jù)第二段最后一句YettheNationalCancerInstitute(NCI)…spentlessthanonepercentofits1999budgetonanyaspectofresearchortraininginpalliativecare.（然而，作為聯(lián)邦政府在癌癥研究和培訓(xùn)方面的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)機(jī)構(gòu)，國家癌癥研究所在姑息治療的任何方面的研究或培訓(xùn)上的支出不到其1999年預(yù)算的1%。），可知有這方面的研究，只是很少，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“研究者認(rèn)為這個(gè)主題很無聊”：文章沒有提及，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

18.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段第一句Insurancecoverageforpalliativeandhospicecarealsocontributestotheproblembyforcingpeopletochoosebetweentreatmentorhospicecare.（姑息治療和臨終關(guān)懷的保險(xiǎn)范圍也導(dǎo)致了這個(gè)問題，因?yàn)樗仁谷藗冊谥委熀团R終關(guān)懷之間做出選擇。），可知醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)讓人只能在姑息治療和臨終關(guān)懷選擇其一，所以A選項(xiàng)“不允許病人同時(shí)尋求兩者”正確，但還是可以選擇，故C選項(xiàng)“剝奪了患者在兩種已被證實(shí)的治療方法之間選擇的權(quán)利”錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“只覆蓋預(yù)期壽命少于6個(gè)月的患者”和D選項(xiàng)“只有當(dāng)臨終關(guān)懷可以延長病人的預(yù)期壽命時(shí)，它才包括在內(nèi)”：根據(jù)第四段第三、四句TheMedicarehospicebenefitisdesignedspecificallyforpeopleinthefinalstagesofillnessandallowsenrollmentonlyifpatientsareexpectedtosurvivesixmonthsorless.Thebenefitexcludespatientsfromseekingbothpalliativecareandpotentiallylife-extendingtreatment.（醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)臨終關(guān)懷福利是專門為處于疾病最后階段的人設(shè)計(jì)的，只有在患者預(yù)計(jì)存活時(shí)間為6個(gè)月或更短的情況下才允許登記。這種好處使患者既不尋求姑息治療，也不尋求可能延長生命的治療。），這里說的是臨終關(guān)懷的使用情況，即患者預(yù)計(jì)存活時(shí)間為6個(gè)月或更短的時(shí)候采用臨終關(guān)懷，這時(shí)不以延長壽命為目的，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

19.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第五段第二句Andhospices,whichmayhavethemostskilledpractitionersandthemostexperienceinadministeringpalliativecare（臨終關(guān)懷院或許有對臨終關(guān)懷最有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的醫(yī)生和姑息治療經(jīng)驗(yàn)），可知臨終關(guān)懷院提供給患者C選項(xiàng)“熟練和經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的姑息治療”，所以C選項(xiàng)正確。B選項(xiàng)“疾病早期階段的舒適”：根據(jù)第四段第三句TheMedicarehospicebenefitisdesignedspecificallyforpeopleinthefinalstagesofillness（醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)臨終關(guān)懷福利是專門為處于疾病最后階段的人設(shè)計(jì)的），可知臨終關(guān)懷不針對疾病早期，故錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“姑息治療的替代方案”，和D選項(xiàng)“積極治療的替代方案”：文章沒有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

20.主旨大意題。文章第一段引入治療癌癥的副作用沒有得到充分治療，第二、三段呼吁國家對此采取措施，第四、五段提到臨終關(guān)懷對減輕患者痛苦的保險(xiǎn)情況，最后一段總結(jié)全文強(qiáng)調(diào)推動(dòng)姑息治療，全文都在圍繞減輕患者痛苦的醫(yī)療方法，所以D選項(xiàng)“減少癌癥患者的痛苦”正確。A選項(xiàng)“改善美國的癌癥研究”，B選項(xiàng)“改革癌癥患者的保險(xiǎn)范圍”和C選項(xiàng)“了解癌癥治療和護(hù)理的不同選擇”是文章的部分內(nèi)容，不足以概括全文，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Hedisplayedacompletelackofcourtesyandtactindealingwithhisemployer.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tenacity

B.curiosity

C.civility

D.hostility

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)tenacity“固執(zhí)”；B選項(xiàng)curiosity“好奇”；C選項(xiàng)civility“禮貌”；D選項(xiàng)hostility“敵意”。句意：他與老板打交道時(shí)，他的言行完全缺乏禮貌，一點(diǎn)都不機(jī)智圓滑。C選項(xiàng)civility“禮貌”符合與老板交流的場景，和courtesy“禮貌”同義，符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

______theFirstWorldWar,theUnitedStatesbecamethedominantforceinthemotion-picture,industry.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itwasduringtheadventunder

B.Withtheadventof

C.Tofollowtheadventin

D.Upontheadventat

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：隨著第一次世界大戰(zhàn)的來臨，美國成為電影工業(yè)的主導(dǎo)力量。advent一般和介詞of連用而不和under、in、at連用，B選項(xiàng)Withtheadventof“隨著……的出現(xiàn)”符合語境。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Nearlyalltreescontainsamixofpolymersthatcanburnlikepetroleum______properlyextracted.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.after

B.if

C.whenit

D.is

【答案】B

【解析】考查狀語從句。句意：幾乎所有的樹木都含有一種聚合物，如果提取得當(dāng)，這種聚合物可以像石油一樣燃燒。Nearlyalltreescontainsamixofpolymers是主句，thatcanburnlikepetroleum是修飾polymers的定語從句，橫線到句子結(jié)尾是修飾burnlikepetroleum的條件狀語從句；條件狀語從句中省略了主語polymers，所以B選項(xiàng)if符合題意。A選項(xiàng)after后面用現(xiàn)在分詞形式，后面的extracted是過去分詞形式，不符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

______thefinancialmeanstoremainindependent,ThomasEdisonwascompelledtoseekemploymentasanighttelegraphoperator.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Hewasdeprivedof

B.Thathewasdeprivedof

C.Althoughhewasdeprivedof

D.Deprivedof

【答案】D

【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：由于沒有了維持獨(dú)立的經(jīng)濟(jì)來源，托馬斯?愛迪生不得不去找個(gè)夜間電報(bào)員的工作。選項(xiàng)和題干，逗號前是從句或者短語。A選項(xiàng)Hewasdeprivedof放進(jìn)來題目變成兩個(gè)完整且獨(dú)立的句子，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)Thathewasdeprivedof中that多余，不符合語法，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)Althoughhewasdeprivedof中although不符合語境，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)Deprivedof放進(jìn)來句子還原后是ThomasEdisonwas…operatordeprivedofthefinancialmeanstoremainindependent，符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

TheBeatGenerationisalabelappliedtoanon-conformistsocialmovementbeguninNewYorkCityinthe1950s.Itsmessagewascarriedbyagroupofwriterswhousedstream-of-consciousnessformstoexpresstheinsightsandlongingsofthosewhorejectedthemainstreamvaluesofthetimes.AlthoughtheBeatwritersproducedfewlastingworks,theirattitudesinspiredrockmusicartistsandsocialmovementsofthe1960sandbeyond.

Thetermbeatwascoinedin1964byHerbertHuncke.Hemeantittobeasynonymfortiedordownandout.In1948,thewordwasusedbyJackKerouacinhisphraseBeatGeneration,bywhichhechangedthereferencetomeanupbeatandbeatific.Thephrasefinallyenteredpublicconsciousnessin1952withJohnClellonHolmes’sarticleintheNewYorkTimesMagazinecalled“ThisistheBeatGeneration.”

TheoriginalBeatswereagroupoffriendsfromNewYorkCitywhometinthemid-1940s.TheyincludedJackKerouac,AllenGinsberg,NealCassady,andWilliamS.Burroughs.ThatcoregroupmovedtoSanFrancisco,wheretheywerejoinedbythepoetLawrenceFerlinghettiandmanyothe