2022年考研考博-考博英語-華東交通大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號98

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-華東交通大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Modernliberalopinionissensitivetoproblemsofrestrictionoffreedomandabuseofpower.Indeed,manyholdthatamancanbeinjuredonlybyviolatinghiswill,butthisviewismuchtoonarrow.Itfailstorecognizethegreatdangersweshallfaceintheusesofbiomedicaltechnologythatstemfromanexcessoffreedom,fromtheunrestrainedexerciseofwill.Inmyview,ourgreatestproblemswillbevoluntaryself-degradation,orwillingdehumanization,astheunintendedyetofteninescapableconsequenceofsternlyandsuccessfullypursuingourhumanizationgoals.

Certaindesiresandperfectedmedicaltechnologieshavealreadyhadsomedehumanizingconsequences.Improvedmethodsofresuscitation(復(fù)蘇)effortstosavetheseverelyillandinjured.Yettheseeffortsaresometimesonlypartlysuccessful.Theysucceedinrescuingindividualsbutthoseindividualsmayhaveseverebraindamageandbecapableofonlyaless-than-human,vegetatingexistence.Suchpatientsfoundwithincreasingfrequencyintheintensivecareunitsofuniversityhospitals,havebeendeniedadeathwithdignity.Familiesareforcedtosufferseeingtheirbelovedonessoreducedandaremadetobeartheburdenofaprolonged“deathwatch”.

Eventheordinarymethodsoftreatingdiseaseandprolonginglifehavechangedthecontextinwhichmendie.Fewerandfewerpeopledieinthefamiliarsurroundingsofhomeorinthecompanyoffamilyandfriends.Atthattimeoflifewhenthereisperhapsthegreatestneedforhumanwarmthandcomfort,thedyingpatientiskeptcompanybycardiacpacemakersanddefibrillators,respiratorsaspirators,oxygenators,cathetersandhisintravenousdrip.Tiestothecommunityofmenarereplacedbyattachmentstoanassemblageofmachines.

Thisloneliness,however,isnotconfinedtothedyingpatientinthehospitalbed.Considertheincreasingnumberofoldpeoplestillalivethankstomedicalprogress.Asagroup,theelderlyarethemostalienatedmembersofoursociety.Notyetreadyfortheworldofthedead,notdeemedfitfortheworldoftheliving,theyareshuntedaside.Moreandmoreofthemspendfortheextrayearsmedicinehasgiventhemin“homesforseniorcitizens”,inhospitalsforchronicdiseases,andinnursinghome—waitingfortheend.Wehavelearnedhowtoincreasetheiryears,butwehavenotlearnedhowtohelpthemenjoytheirdays.Yetwecontinuetobravelyandsternlypushbackthefrontieragainstdeath.

1.Whatisthemainpointofthepassage?

2.Accordingtotheauthor,biomedicaltechnology（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingisnottrueaccordingtoparagraph2?

4.Bysaying“theyareshuntedaside”(lines3,para.4),theauthormeans（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theproblemofrestrictionoffreedom.

B.Thepossibledehumanizingconsequenceofmedicaltechnology.

C.Thedevelopmentofbiomedicaltechnology.

D.Thesignificanceofprolonginghuman’slife.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.resultsinanexcessiveuseoffreedoms

B.bringslittlebenefitstohumanbeings

C.shouldnotbeappliedinmedicaltreatment

D.mightcausegravenegativeconsequencesinitsapplication

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Improvedmedicaltechnologycansaveextremelyseverepatient.

B.Somepatients,thoughsaved,cannolongerleadanormalhumanlife.

C.Familiesoftensufferwhensomepatientsmaintainavegetatingexistence.

D.Toapatient,survivalisalwaysbetterthandeath.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theyareallsenttohomesforseniorcitizens

B.theyarecompletelyisolatedfromtheoutsideworld

C.theyaretreatedwithextremeindifference

D.theyareshutfromtheirfamilies

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章開頭說到ourgreatestproblemswillbevoluntaryself-degradation,orwillingdehumanization（我們最大的問題將是自愿的自我退化，或自愿的非人性化），接下來介紹了醫(yī)療技術(shù)的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生的一些非人性化后果，可知文章的主題是醫(yī)療技術(shù)造成的非人性化。因此B選項(xiàng)“醫(yī)療技術(shù)可能造成的非人性化后果”最符合文章主旨。A選項(xiàng)“限制自由的問題”，文章提到這些危險(xiǎn)源于過度的自由，可知不是限制自由的問題，所以A錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“生物醫(yī)學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展”只說了技術(shù)發(fā)展的一方面，沒有說它帶來的后果，所以C錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“延長人類生命的意義”在文中沒有提及，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

2.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第三句Itfailstorecognizethegreatdangersweshallfaceintheusesofbiomedicaltechnology（它沒有意識到我們在使用生物醫(yī)學(xué)技術(shù)時(shí)將面臨的巨大危險(xiǎn)），說明生物醫(yī)學(xué)技術(shù)可能在使用中產(chǎn)生危險(xiǎn)的后果。因此D選項(xiàng)“可能在其應(yīng)用中造成嚴(yán)重的負(fù)面后果”正確。A選項(xiàng)“導(dǎo)致了對自由的過度使用”，由thatstemfromanexcessoffreedom（這些危險(xiǎn)源于過度的自由）可知是過度的自由導(dǎo)致了生物醫(yī)學(xué)技術(shù)帶來危害，所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“對人類幾乎沒有好處”，文章說到它們成功地拯救了一些個(gè)體，可知還是有一定好處的，所以B錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“不適用于醫(yī)療”，文中介紹了生物醫(yī)學(xué)技術(shù)在醫(yī)療上的應(yīng)用，所以C錯(cuò)誤。

3.推理判斷題。由A選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“severepatient”可以定位到第二段第二句Improvedmethodsofresuscitationeffortstosavetheseverelyillandinjured…Theysucceedinrescuingindividuals（改進(jìn)的復(fù)蘇方法努力挽救重癥病人和重傷患者……它們成功地拯救了一些個(gè)體），說明改進(jìn)的醫(yī)療技術(shù)可以挽救一些重癥病人，所以A選項(xiàng)“改進(jìn)的醫(yī)療技術(shù)可以挽救極其嚴(yán)重的病人”表述正確。由B選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“normalhumanlife”可以定位到文章第二段第四句Theysucceedinrescuingindividualsbutthoseindividualsmayhaveseverebraindamageandbecapableofonlyaless-than-human,vegetatingexistence.（它們成功地拯救了一些個(gè)體，但這些個(gè)體可能有嚴(yán)重的腦損傷，只能過一種不像人類那樣的植物人生活。），說明有些病人雖然能得救，但不能過上正常人的生活，所以B選項(xiàng)“有些病人雖然得救了，但不能再過正常人的生活了”表述正確。由C選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“Families”可以定位到第二段第六句Familiesareforcedtosufferseeingtheirbelovedonessoreduced（家人被迫忍受他們心愛的人如此墮落的痛苦），說明病人家屬們看到病人過著植物人的生活會感到很痛苦，所以C選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)一些病人維持著植物人的生活時(shí)，他們的家人常常會感到痛苦。”表述正確。D選項(xiàng)“對病人來說，活下來總是比死亡好”在第二段中沒有提及，所以本題選D選項(xiàng)。

4.語義推測題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“theyareshuntedaside”可以定位到文章第四段第四句Notyetreadyfortheworldofthedead,notdeemedfitfortheworldoftheliving,theyareshuntedaside.（還沒有準(zhǔn)備好進(jìn)入死人的世界，也沒有被認(rèn)為適合活人的世界，他們就被分流到一邊。），前一句說到Asagroup,theelderlyarethemostalienatedmembersofoursociety.（老年人是我們社會中最受冷落的群體。），說明老年人很不被重視。因此C選項(xiàng)“他們極度不受重視”正確。A選項(xiàng)“他們都被送到了老人之家”，由文章可知有些老人還被送到了慢性病醫(yī)院、養(yǎng)老院等地，所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“他們完全與外部世界隔離”，D選項(xiàng)“他們被家人拒之門外”在文中沒有提及，所以B，D錯(cuò)誤。

2.單選題

Theathletehasbeenaccusedof（）hisperformancewithillegaldrugs,buthefirmlydeniesthecharges.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.enhancing

B.tendering

C.diluting

D.dispensing

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)enhancing“提高”；B選項(xiàng)tendering“提議”；C選項(xiàng)diluting“稀釋”；D選項(xiàng)dispensing“配發(fā)”。句意：這位運(yùn)動員被指控使用違禁藥物提高成績，但他堅(jiān)決否認(rèn)這些指控。本句表示提高成績。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Accordingtothenewschoolofscientiststechnologyisanoverlookedforceinexpandingthehorizonsofscientificknowledge.Sciencemovesforward,theysay,notsomuchthroughtheinsightsofgreatmenofgeniusasbecauseofmoreordinarythingslikeimprovedtechniquesandtools.Inshort,aleaderofthenewschoolcontends,thescientificrevolution,aswecallit,waslargelytheimprovementaninventionanduseofaseriesofinstrumentsthatexpandedthereachofscienceininnumerabledirections.

Overtheyears,toolsandtechnologythemselvesasasourceoffundamentalinnovationhavelargelybeenignoredbyhistoriansandphilosophersofscience.ThemodernschoolthathailstechnologyarguesthatsuchmastersasGalileo,Newton,Maxwell,Einstein,andinventorssuchasEdisonattachedgreatimportanceto,andderivedgreatbenefitfrom,craftinformationandtechnologicaldevicesofdifferentkindsthatwereusableinscientificexperiments.

Thecoreoftheargumentofatechnology-yes,genius-noadvocatewasananalysisofGalileo’sroleatthestartofthescientificrevolution.ThewisdomofthedaywasderivedfromPtolemy,anastronomerofthesecondcentury,whoseelaboratesystemoftenskyputEarthatthecenterofallheavenlymotions.Galileo’sgreatestglorywasthatin1609hewasthefirstpersontoturnthenewlyinventedtelescopeontheheavenstoprovethattheplanetsrevolvearoundthesunratherthanaroundtheearth.Buttherealheroofthestory,accordingtothenewschoolofscientists,wasthelongevolutionintheimprovementofmachineryformakingeyeglasses.

Federalpolicyisnecessarilyinvolvedinthetechnologyvsgeniusdispute.WhethertheGovernmentshouldincreasethefinancingofpurescienceattheexpenseoftechnologyorviceversaoftendependsontheissueofwhichisseenasthedrivingforce.

1.Whatleadstotheexpansionofscienceintermsofthenewschoolofscientists?

2.Whatisthenatureofscientificrevolutionaccordingtoaleaderofthenewschool?

3.Whydoesmodernschoolofscientistspayattentiontotheinventionandimprovementoftoolsandtechnology?

4.Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthelastparagraph?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thecreativeideasofthegreatminds.

B.Thescientificknowledgeofthegeniuses.

C.Theimprovementofordinarytoolsandtechniques.

D.Theneglectedforceinscientificinnovations.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Ithelpstoinventaseriesofnewinstruments.

B.Itisactuallytheresultofthedevelopmentofaseriesofinstruments.

C.Itpushesthesciencetowardaparticulardirection.

D.Ithasimprovedthetechniquesininnumerabledirections.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Becausetheycanbeappliedinscientificexperiments.

B.Becausetheyaregreatlyadmiredbyscientistsandinventors.

C.Becausetheyareoverlookedbyhistoriansandphilosophers.

D.Becausetheycanbeservedasasourceofbasicinnovations.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thegovernment'sdecisiononitsfinanceallocationisdeterminedbyitsopinionontheprioritybetweenscienceandtechnology.

B.Thegovernmenthasdevelopedpurescienceattheexpenseoftechnology.

C.Thegovernmenthasattachedmoreimportancetotechnologythanpurescience.

D.Thegovernmentwillnolongerincreasethefinancialsupporttopurescience.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文的第一段，“Sciencemovesforward,theysay,notsomuchthroughtheinsightsofgreatmenofgeniusasbecauseofmoreordinarythingslikeimprovedtechniquesandtools.”他們說，科學(xué)的發(fā)展與其說源于天才偉人的真知灼見，不如說源于改進(jìn)了的技術(shù)和工具等更為普通的東西。A選項(xiàng)“偉大思想的創(chuàng)造性思想”，B選項(xiàng)“天才的科學(xué)知識”，C選項(xiàng)“普通工具和技術(shù)的改進(jìn)”，D選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)創(chuàng)新中被忽視的力量”。因此，C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段的最后一句，“Inshort,aleaderofthenewschoolcontends,thescientificrevolution,aswecallit,waslargelytheimprovementaninventionanduseofaseriesofinstrumentsthatexpandedthereachofscienceininnumerabledirections.”簡而言之，新學(xué)派的一位領(lǐng)袖認(rèn)為，我們所謂的科學(xué)革命主要是指一系列儀器的改進(jìn)、發(fā)明和使用，這些發(fā)明和使用使科學(xué)發(fā)展的范圍無所不及。A選項(xiàng)“它有助于發(fā)明一系列新儀器”，B選項(xiàng)“它實(shí)際上是一系列儀器發(fā)展的結(jié)果”，C選項(xiàng)“它把科學(xué)推向一個(gè)特定的方向”，D選項(xiàng)“它在無數(shù)方面改進(jìn)了技術(shù)”。因此，B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文的第二段，“Overtheyears,toolsandtechnologythemselvesasasourceoffundamentalinnovationhavelargelybeenignoredbyhistoriansandphilosophersofscience.”多年來，工具和技術(shù)本身作為基礎(chǔ)性創(chuàng)新的源泉在很大程度上被科學(xué)史學(xué)家和科學(xué)哲學(xué)家們所忽視。A選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗麄兛梢詰?yīng)用于科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)”，B選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗麄兩钍芸茖W(xué)家和發(fā)明家的尊敬”，C選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗麄儽粴v史學(xué)家和哲學(xué)家所忽視”,D選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗鼈兛梢宰鳛榛緞?chuàng)新的源泉”。因此，D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位到文章的最后一段，“WhethertheGovernmentshouldincreasethefinancingofpurescienceattheexpenseoftechnologyorviceversaoftendependsontheissueofwhichisseenasthedrivingforce.”政府是應(yīng)該以犧牲技術(shù)為代價(jià)增加純科學(xué)的融資，還是反過來增加純科學(xué)的融資，往往取決于哪一方被視為驅(qū)動力的問題。A選項(xiàng)“政府對其資金配置的決定取決于其對科學(xué)與技術(shù)優(yōu)先地位的看法”，B選項(xiàng)“政府以犧牲技術(shù)為代價(jià)發(fā)展了純科學(xué)”，C選項(xiàng)“政府更重視技術(shù)而不是純科學(xué)”，D選項(xiàng)“政府將不再增加對純科學(xué)的資金支持”。因此，A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.單選題

Peoplewillbelookingintoseehowgoodwearenowandwhetheroursuccesshasjustbeena（）inthepan.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.flare

B.glitter

C.spark

D.flash

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)flare“閃耀”；B選項(xiàng)glitter“燦爛”；C選項(xiàng)spark“火花”；D選項(xiàng)flash“閃光”。句意：人們會來看看我們現(xiàn)在有多好，我們的成功是否只是曇花一現(xiàn)。flashinthepan，固定搭配，“曇花一現(xiàn)”。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Churchasweusethewordreferstoallreligiousinstitutions,（）theyChristian,Islamic,Buddhist,Jewish,andsoon.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.be

B.being

C.were

D.are

【答案】A

【解析】考查謂語動詞的形式。句意：我們使用的Church這個(gè)詞指的是所有的宗教機(jī)構(gòu)，無論是基督教、伊斯蘭教、佛教、猶太教等等。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，前半句中出現(xiàn)了as，其謂語動詞多用be的原形，引導(dǎo)讓步虛擬從句，并且需要倒裝，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

6.單選題

Signswarnedthatthetrailwas（）eveningoodweatherconditions,soonlyexperiencedandwell-equippedhikersshouldattemptit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.affluent

B.wholesome

C.treacherous

D.incurable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)affluent“豐富的”；B選項(xiàng)wholesome“健全的”；C選項(xiàng)treacherous“危險(xiǎn)的”；D選項(xiàng)incurable“不能治愈的”。句意：指示牌上寫著，即使在天氣條件好的情況下，這條小路也是危險(xiǎn)的，所以只有經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富、裝備精良的徒步旅行者才能嘗試。本句表示小路很危險(xiǎn)。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Thereisvirtuallynolimittohowonecanservecommunityinterests,fromsendingafewhoursaweekwithsomecharitableorganizationtopracticallyfull-timeworkforasocialagency.JustasthereareopportunitiesforVoluntaryServiceOverseas(VSO)foryoungpeoplebeforetheytakeupfull-timeemployment,（1）thereareopportunitiesforoverseasserviceforqualifiedtechniciansindevelopingcountries.Somepeople,（2）thosewhoretireearly,offertheirtechnicalandbusinessskillsincountries（3）thereisaspecialneed.

Soinconsideringvoluntaryorpaidcommunityservice,therearemoreopportunitiesthanthere（4）werewhenonefirstbeganwork.Mostvoluntaryorganizationshaveonlyasmallfull-timestaff,anddependverymuchonvolunteersandpart-timers.Thismeansthatworkingrelationshipsaredifferentfromthoseincommercialorganizations,andvaluesmaybedifferent.Insomewaystheymayseemmore（5）andlessefficient,butoneshouldnotjudgethembycommercial（6）.Thepeoplewhoworkwiththemdosofordifferentreasonsandwithdifferentobjectives,bothpersonalandorganizational.Oneshouldnotjointhem（7）toarmthemwithprofessionalexpertise;theymustbejoinedwithcommitmenttothecause,notbusiness（8）Becausesalariesaresmallornon-existentmanyvoluntarybodiesoffermodestexpenses.Butmanyretiredpeopletakepartincommunityservicefor（9），simplybecausetheyenjoythework.

Manycommunityactivitiespossibleinretirementwerealsopossibleduringone'sworkinglifebuttheyaretobeundertakennolessseriouslyforthat.Retiredpeoplewhoarejustlookingforsomethingdifferentorunusualtodoshouldnotconsider（10）communityservice.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.as

B.so

C.then

D.that

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.passionately

B.partially

C.particularly

D.peculiarly

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.which

B.where

C.as

D.that

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.ever

B.before

C.never

D.lately

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.casual

B.forma

C.active

D.usual

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.value

B.norm

C.criteria

D.perspective

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.expecting

B.toexpect

C.beingexpected

D.expected

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.effect

B.sufficiency

C.deficiency

D.efficiency

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.free

B.freedom

C.health

D.salary

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.tobetaken

B.totake

C.beingtaken

D.taking

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

第6題:C

第7題:A

第8題:D

第9題:A

第10題:C

【解析】1.本題考查連詞的用法。本句意為:“正如年輕人在參加全職工作前有機(jī)會參加海外志愿服務(wù)一樣,發(fā)展中國家的合格技術(shù)人員也有機(jī)會參加海外服務(wù)?！眏ustas…so”意為……也，因此，B選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

2.本題考查副詞的用法。根據(jù)句意，“一些人，尤其是那些退休早的人”，空格所在句子的前后均是逗號，并且緊跟在主語的后面，因此后面的應(yīng)該加上表示更進(jìn)一步的副詞，A選項(xiàng)passionately“熱情地，強(qiáng)烈地”，B選項(xiàng)partially“部分地，偏袒地”，C選項(xiàng)particularly“特別地，尤其地”，D選項(xiàng)peculiarly“特殊地，奇怪地”，因此，C選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

3.本題考查關(guān)系副詞的用法。countries,表示地點(diǎn),where用于表示地點(diǎn)，放在地點(diǎn)之后,意為“在那;該處”,句意：在有特殊需要的國家提供他們的技術(shù)和商業(yè)技能。根據(jù)空格前的countries，可知此處缺少一個(gè)表示地點(diǎn)的副詞，引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語從句，因此，B選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

4.本題考查副詞辨析。此處是一個(gè)morethan的比較結(jié)構(gòu),現(xiàn)在和以前做比較，因此此句缺少的是一個(gè)表示過去狀況的時(shí)間副詞。A選項(xiàng)ever“曾經(jīng)”，B選項(xiàng)before“以前”，C選項(xiàng)never“決不“，D選項(xiàng)lately“近來”，before作副詞需要放在動詞后，lately和never都不符合與過去時(shí)態(tài)之間的邏輯關(guān)系，本句意為“所以在考慮義務(wù)或付費(fèi)的社區(qū)服務(wù)時(shí),現(xiàn)在比一個(gè)人剛開始工作時(shí)有更多的機(jī)會。”

5.本題考查形容詞的用法。A選項(xiàng)casual“隨便的，疏忽的”，B選項(xiàng)forma“植物型，變型”，C選項(xiàng)active“忙碌的，活躍的”，D選項(xiàng)usual“通常的，慣例的”,此空的后面有個(gè)lessefficient，并列成分，因此應(yīng)該是morecasual，來表達(dá)同一個(gè)意思，與之相對應(yīng)，句意：在某些方面，他們可能看起來更隨意，效率更低。因此，A選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

6.本題考查名詞用法。根據(jù)judge可以得出，后面應(yīng)該是有一個(gè)評判的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，才可以去根據(jù)這個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)做出判斷，A選項(xiàng)value“價(jià)值，益處”，B選項(xiàng)norm“準(zhǔn)則，慣例”，C選項(xiàng)criteria“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”，D選項(xiàng)perspective“態(tài)度，觀點(diǎn)”，因此，C選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

7.本題考查動詞+ing作賓語補(bǔ)足語的用法。此句中them和they指代的都是志愿者組織的全職員工，jointhem后面所跟的部分為伴隨狀語，故應(yīng)使用動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式。因此，A選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

8.本題考查名詞用法。A選項(xiàng)effect“影響，結(jié)果，效應(yīng)”，B選項(xiàng)sufficiency“足量，充足”，C選項(xiàng)deficiency“缺點(diǎn)，缺陷”，D選項(xiàng)efficiency“效率，功效”，該空前面一句話說的是人們不應(yīng)該加入他們——指望用專業(yè)知識武裝他們;之后有提到必須結(jié)合對事業(yè)的承諾，而不是什么，那么也就是前文所提到的用專業(yè)知識所獲取的商業(yè)的效率。因此，D選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

9.本題考查詞匯的固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)free“自由的，免費(fèi)的”，B選項(xiàng)freedom“自由”，C選項(xiàng)health“健康”，D選項(xiàng)salary“薪資”，由上下文可知，他們選擇做這項(xiàng)工作只是因?yàn)樗麄兿矚g，因此可以推斷他們不要求報(bào)酬，無償參加社區(qū)服務(wù)的工作，forfree表示“無償?shù)摹?。因此，A選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

10.本題考查非謂語動詞。consider要求后面動詞用ing形式,作賓語。句意：那些只是想在退休之后尋找一些新鮮事情做的人并不應(yīng)該考慮做社區(qū)服務(wù)。因此，C選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

8.單選題

Manythingsmakepeoplethinkartistsareweirdandtheweirdestmaybethis:artists’onlyjobistoexploreemotions,andyettheychoosetofocusontheonesthatfeelbad.

Thiswasn’talwaysso.Theearliestformsofart,likepaintingandmusic,arethosebestsuitedforexpressingjoy.Butsomewhereinthe19thcentury,moreartistsbeganseeinghappinessasinsipid,phonyor,worstofall,boringaswewentfromWordsworth’sdaffodilstoBaudelaire’sflowersofevil.

Youcouldarguethatartbecamemoreskepticalofhappinessbecausemoderntimeshaveseensuchmisery.Butit’snotasifearliertimesdidn’tknowperpetualwar,disasterandthemassacreofinnocents.Thereason,infact,maybejusttheopposite:thereistoomuchdamnhappinessintheworldtoday.

Afterall,whatistheonemodernformofexpressionalmostcompletelydedicatedtodepictinghappiness?Advertising.Theriseofanti-happyartalmostexactlytrackstheemergenceofmassmedia,andwithit,acommercialcultureinwhichhappinessisnotjustanidealbutanideology.

Peopleinearliererasweresurroundedbyremindersofmisery.Theyworkeduntilexhausted,livedwithfewprotectionsanddiedyoung.IntheWest,beforemasscommunicationandliteracy,themostpowerfulmassmediumwasthechurch,whichremindedworshippersthattheirsoulswereinperilandthattheywouldsomedaybemeatforworms.Givenallthis,theydidnotexactlyneedtheirarttobeabummertoo.

TodaythemessagesyouraverageWesternerisbombardedwitharenotreligiousbutcommercial,andforeverhappy.Fast-foodeaters,newsanchors,textmessengers,allsmiling,smiling.Ourmagazinesfeaturebeamingcelebritiesandhappyfamiliesinperfecthomes.Andsincethesemessageshaveanagenda—tolureustoopenourwallets—theymaketheveryideaofhappinessseemunreliable.“Celebrate!”commandedtheadsforthearthritisdrugCelebrex,beforewefoundoutitcouldincreasetheriskofheartattacks.

Butwhatweforget—whatoureconomydependsonisforgetting—isthathappinessismorethanpleasurewithoutpain.Thethingsthatbringthegreatestjoycarrythegreatestpotentialforlossanddisappointment.Today,surroundedbypromisesofeasyhappiness,weneedsomeonetotellusasreligiononcedid,Mementomori:rememberthatyouwilldie,thateverythingends,andthathappinesscomesnotindenyingthisbutinlivingwithit.It’samessageevenmorebitterthanaclovecigarette,yet,somehow,abreathoffreshair.

1.BycitingtheexampleofpoetsWordsworthandBaudelaire,theauthorintendstoshowthat（）

2.Theword“bummer”(Line4.paragraph5)mostprobablymeanssomething（）.

3.Intheauthor’sopinion,advertising（）.

4.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthattheauthorbelieves（）

5.Whichofthefollowingistrueofthetext?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.poetryisnotasexpressiveofjoyaspaintingormusic.

B.artgrowoutofbothpositiveandnegativefeeling.

C.artisthavechangedtheirfocusofinterest.

D.poetstodayarelessskepticalofhappiness.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.unpleasant

B.religious

C.entertaining

D.commercial

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.emergesinthewakeoftheanti-happypart

B.createsanillusionofhappinessratherthanhappinessitself

C.replacethechurchasamajorsourceofinformation

D.isacauseofdisappointmentforthegeneralpublic

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.happinessmoreoftenthannotendsinsadness.

B.theanti-happyartisdistastefulbyrefreshing.

C.miseryshouldbeenjoyedratherthandenied.

D.theanti-happyartflourisheswheneconomybooms.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Massmediaareinclinedtocoverdisastersanddeaths.

B.Artprovidesabalancebetweenexpectationandreality.

C.Peoplefeeldisappointedattherealitiesofmorality.

D.Religiononcefunctionedasareminderofmisery.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。題目問的是：作者以詩人華茲華斯和波德萊爾為例，意在說明什么？根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“WordsworthandBaudelaire”定位到第二段最后一句Butsomewhereinthe19thcentury,moreartistsbeganseeinghappinessasinsipid,phonyor,worstofall,boringaswewentfromWordsworth’sdaffodilstoBaudelaire’sflowersofevil.（但是在19世紀(jì)的某個(gè)時(shí)候，越來越多的藝術(shù)家開始認(rèn)為幸福是平淡的、虛假的，或者更糟糕的是，令人厭煩的，這點(diǎn)可以從威廉?華茲華斯的《水仙花》到波德萊爾把鮮花描述為邪惡的轉(zhuǎn)變之中看出。）本段前面的內(nèi)容還提及“最早的藝術(shù)形式，如繪畫和音樂，是最適合表達(dá)快樂的”，前后形成對比構(gòu)成了轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，作者是想表達(dá)藝術(shù)家們改變了他們的關(guān)注點(diǎn)，過去的藝術(shù)形式是表達(dá)幸福和快樂，現(xiàn)在是虛假的幸福。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.詞義推斷題。題目問的是：下面哪一個(gè)詞與“bummer”意思相近？根據(jù)題干信息定位到第五段最后兩句IntheWest,beforemasscommunicationandliteracy,themostpowerfulmassmediumwasthechurch,whichremindedworshippersthattheirsoulswereinperilandthattheywouldsomedaybemeatforworms.Givenallthis,theydidnotexactlyneedtheirarttobeabummertoo.（在西方的大眾傳媒和教育普及之前，最強(qiáng)大的傳播媒介就是教堂，它提醒信徒，他們的靈魂處于危險(xiǎn)之中，他們總有一天會成為蠕蟲的食物?？紤]到這一切，他們并不需要自己的藝術(shù)也成為一個(gè)失敗者。）關(guān)鍵詞在于“too”，由此可推測“bummer”的意思與上一句有關(guān)聯(lián)，表示的是消極負(fù)面的意義，所以選項(xiàng)A與之意思最為接近。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是：作者認(rèn)為廣告是怎樣的？根據(jù)第六段的倒數(shù)第二句Andsincethesemessageshaveanagenda—tolureustoopenourwallets—theymaketheveryideaofhappinessseemunreliable.（而且，由于這些信息都有一個(gè)目的——引誘我們打開錢包——它們使幸福的概念看起來并不可靠。）由此可知，B選項(xiàng)“制造幸福的幻覺，而不是幸福本身”正確。

4.判斷推理題。題目問的是：我們可以從最后一段了解到，作者相信什么？根據(jù)本段的最后一句It’samessageevenmorebitterthanaclovecigarette,yet,somehow,abreathoffreshair.（這——指的是反幸福的藝術(shù)——是一個(gè)比丁香香煙更苦澀的信息，但不知怎的，卻是一股新鮮空氣。）由此可知，B選項(xiàng)與原文表述一致，所以正確。

5.判斷推理題。題目問的是：下列哪一個(gè)選項(xiàng)是正確的？A選項(xiàng)：大眾媒體傾向于報(bào)道災(zāi)難和死亡；B選項(xiàng)：藝術(shù)提供了期望和現(xiàn)實(shí)之間的平衡；C選項(xiàng)：人們對道德的現(xiàn)實(shí)感到失望；D選項(xiàng)：宗教曾起到提醒痛苦的作用。選項(xiàng)A、B、C在原文均沒有信息提及，只有D選項(xiàng)在原文最后一段提及，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

9.單選題

Thereisgrowing（）amongecologiststhatbiodiversitycannotbeadequatelyconservedbyprotectedareasalone.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.consensus

B.concession

C.conception

D.contention

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)consensus“共識，一致”，B選項(xiàng)concession“讓步，妥協(xié)”，C選項(xiàng)conception“構(gòu)想，懷孕”，D選項(xiàng)contention“爭論，觀點(diǎn)”。句意:生態(tài)學(xué)家們越來越一致認(rèn)為，僅靠保護(hù)區(qū)是不能充分保護(hù)生物多樣性的。因此，A選項(xiàng)符合句意。

10.單選題

Themachineneedsacomplete（）sinceithasbeeninuseforovertenyears.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.amending

B.fitting

C.mending

D.renovating

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)amending（amend的現(xiàn)在分詞形式）“修改”；B選項(xiàng)fitting“配件，安裝”；C選項(xiàng)mending“修補(bǔ)”；D選項(xiàng)renovating“更新，修補(bǔ)”。根據(jù)句意可知，這個(gè)機(jī)器用了十幾年，應(yīng)該是需要修理，所以首先排除選項(xiàng)A和選項(xiàng)B；C選項(xiàng)mending多指修理機(jī)器，D選項(xiàng)多指翻新房屋建筑等，所以選項(xiàng)C更恰當(dāng)。

11.單選題

Heraisedhiseyebrowsandstuckhisheadforwardand（）itinasinglenod,agestureboysusedthenforO.K.whentheywerepleased.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.shrugged

B.tugged

C.jerked

D.twisted

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)shrugged“聳肩”；B選項(xiàng)tugged“用力拖，拉”；C選項(xiàng)jerked“使猝然一動，猛拉”；D選項(xiàng)twisted“使纏繞”。句意：他揚(yáng)起眉毛，把頭向前探了探，猛地點(diǎn)了點(diǎn)頭，這是當(dāng)時(shí)男孩們高興時(shí)用來表示“OK”的手勢。本句表示猛地點(diǎn)了點(diǎn)頭，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Peoplewholiveinsmalltownsoftenseemmorefriendlythanthosewholivingin（）populatedareas.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.abundantly

B.intensely

C.densely

D.intensively

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)abundantly“豐富地，大量地”；B選項(xiàng)intensely“強(qiáng)烈地”；C選項(xiàng)densely“濃密地，密集地”；D選項(xiàng)intensively“集中地，廣泛地”。根據(jù)句中的關(guān)鍵詞“than”可知，前后形成對比。句意：住在小城鎮(zhèn)的人似乎比住在人口稠密地區(qū)的人更友好。人口稠密用“denselypopulated”，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

13.翻譯題

HealthyFood

Anactivelifestyleandahealthy,fish-richdietarenotonlygoodforyourheart,theymayalsohelptacklethememorylossassociatedwitholdage,twoleadingneuroscientistssaidonWednesday.

Aspeoplelivelonger,findingwaysofhaltingthedeclineinmentalagilityisbecomingincreasinglyimportant,saidProfessorIanRobertson,directoroftheInstituteofNeuroscienceatTrinityCollegeDublin.

“Thebiggestthreattobeingabletofunctionwellandproperlyisourbrains,”hetoldjournalists.

“Thereisverystrongevidence,particularlyintheover-50s,thatthedegreetowhichyoumaintainyourmentalfacultiesdependsonahandfulofquitesimpleenvironmentalfactors,”hesaid.

Thosewhoremainedphysicallyfit,avoidedhighstresslevelsandenjoyedarichandvariedsociallifearebetterequippedtostayalertastheyage.Mentalstimulation,learningnewthingsandsimplythinkingyoungalsohelp.

【答案】健康的食物

美國兩位著名的神經(jīng)科學(xué)家于本周三稱，積極的生活方式，健康的、富含魚類的飲食不僅對心臟有好處，還有助于解決因年老而導(dǎo)致的記憶喪失問題。

都柏林三一學(xué)院神經(jīng)科學(xué)研究所主任伊恩?羅伯遜教授說，隨著人類的壽命越來越長，尋找能夠阻止人類思維敏捷度下降的方法正變得越來越重要。

他告訴記者：“對身體機(jī)能正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的最大威脅是我們的大腦?！?/p>

他說：“有強(qiáng)有力的證據(jù)表明，一個(gè)人能否保持良好的智力水平取決于一些非常簡單的環(huán)境因素，對那些50歲以上的人來說尤其如此?！?/p>

那些身體健康、能避免高壓力、享受豐富多彩的社交生活的人，在他們上了年紀(jì)后，頭腦會更清醒。精神刺激、學(xué)習(xí)新事物和保持年輕的心態(tài)也有幫助。

14.單選題

The（）differenceinChinesedialecthasbecomeaprobleminmutualcommunicationamongpeople.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.enormous

B.immense

C.imminent

D.eminent

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)enormous“巨大的”，指超出了正常的限度和比例；B選項(xiàng)immense“廣大的”，側(cè)重空間的廣闊；C選項(xiàng)imminent“即將來臨的”；D選項(xiàng)eminent“杰出的”。句意：漢語方言的巨大差異已經(jīng)成為人與人之間交流的一個(gè)問題。本句表示差異的巨大。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Insomecountrieswhereracialprejudiceisacute,violencehassocometobetakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences,thatitisnotevenquestioned.Therearecountrieswherethewhitemanimposeshisrulebybruteforce;therearecountrieswheretheblackmanprotestsbysettingfiretocitiesandbylootingandpillaging.Importantpeopleonbothsides,whowouldinotherrespectsappeartobereasonablemen,getupandcalmlyargueinfavorofviolence—asifitwerealegitimatesolution,likeanyother.Whatisreallyfrightening,whatreallyfillsyouwithdespair,istherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch,wehavemadenoactualprogressatall.Wemaywearcollarsandtiesinsteadofwar-paint,butourinstinctsremainbasicallyunchanged.Thewholeoftherecordedhistoryofthehumanrace,thattediousdocumentationofviolence,hastaughtusabsolutelynothing.Wehavestillnotlearntthatviolenceneversolvesaproblembutmakesitmoreacute.Thesheerhorror,thebloodshed,thesufferingmeannothing.Nosolutionevercomestolightthemorningafterwhenwedismallycontemplatethesmokingruinsandwonderwhathitus.

Thetrulyreasonablemenwhoknowwherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespised,mistrustedandevenpersecutedbytheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslawenforcement.Ifhalftheenergythatgoesintoviolentactswereputtogooduse,ifoureffortsweredirectedatcleaninguptheslumsandghettos,atimprovinglivingstandardsandprovidingeducationandemploymentforall,wewouldhavegonealongwaytoarrivingatasolution.Ourstrengthissappedbyhavingtomopupthemessthatviolenceleavesinitswake.Inawell-directedeffort,itwouldnotbeimpossibletofulfilltheidealsofastablesocialprogramme.Thebenefitsthatcanbederivedfromconstructivesolutionsareeverywhereapparentintheworldaroundus.Genuineandlastingsolutionsarealwayspossible,providingweworkwithintheframeworkofthelaw.

Beforewecanevenbegintocontemplatepeacefulco-existencebetweentheraces,wemustappreciateeachother’sproblems.Andtodothis,wemustlearnaboutthem:itisasimpleexerciseincommunication,inexchanginginformation.“Talk,talk,talk,”theadvocatesofviolencesay,“allyoueverdoistalk,andwearenonethewiser.”It’sratherlikethestoryofthefamousbarristerwhopainstakinglyexplainedhiscasetothejudge.Afterlisteningtoalengthyargumentthejudgecomplainedthatafterallthistalk,hewasnonethewiser.“Possible,mylord,”thebarristerreplied,“nonethewiser,butsurelyfarbetterinformed.”Knowledgeisthenecessaryprerequisitetowisdom:theknowledgethatviolencecreatestheevilsitpretendstosolve.

1.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

2.Recordedhistoryhastaughtus（）

3.Itcanbeinferredthattrulyreasonablemen（）

4.“Hewasnonethewiser”means（）

5.Accordingtheauthorthebestwaytosolveraceprejudiceis（）

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.AdvocatingViolence.

B.ViolenceCanDoNothingtoDiminishRacePrejudice.

C.ImportantPeopleonBothSidesSeeViolenceAsaLeg