初中英語現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與過去完成時(shí)講解與練習(xí)

一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)標(biāo)志詞：just、already、yet,ever,never,recently,for,since,before,stillnow,sofar,比較havebeento表示去過，已經(jīng)回來了。havegoneto表示去了，還沒有回來。Havebeenin表示一直在某個(gè)地方IhavebeentoBeijingtwice.我去過北京二次。HehasgonetoBeijing,andhewillbebacknextweek.IhavebeeninBeijingforthreeyears.Hehasbeenasoldierforthreeyear鮑參軍三年了。Hisfatherhasbeendeadfortwoyear她父親去世二年了。Thefilmhasbeenonfortenminutes電影已開始十分鐘了。瞬間性動(dòng)詞在完成時(shí)中如要與表示持續(xù)一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，通常用意思相當(dāng)?shù)某掷m(xù)性動(dòng)詞來替換Hehasbeeninthearmy/asoldierforthreeyears（他參軍已有3年了。）不用hasjoinedShehasbeenupforquitesometime.（她起床已有好久了。）不用hasgotupHasyourbrotherbeenawayfromhomeforalongtime?（離家已有好久了嗎？）不用hasleftsince.for都是完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞如：Hehastaughtheresince1981.他自1981年就在這兒教書。（可能還要繼續(xù)教）Ihave'tseenherforfouryears. 我有四年沒見至^她了。如單純表示一段時(shí)間，或強(qiáng)調(diào)一段時(shí)間，雖有since一詞，也不必用完成時(shí)。Itis+一段時(shí)間+since+過去式如：Itistwoyearssincehisfatherdied.=Hisfatherhasbeendeadfortwoyears.他父親去世已有三年了。二、過去完成時(shí)句中的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去之前（過去的過去），即過去完成時(shí)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去的過去。過去完成時(shí)常用的時(shí)間狀語有(1)、bytheendoflastyear.Bytheendoflastterm,wehadlearned5000newwords.(2)、Bythetimesb.+動(dòng)詞過去式ThebushadalreadyleftbythetimeIgotthere.Bynineo'clocklastnight,wehadgot200picturesfromthespaceship.狀語從句：在過去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在前，用過去完成時(shí)；發(fā)生在后，用一般過去時(shí)。如when,before,after,assoonas,till/until引導(dǎo)的。例如：WhenIwokeup,ithadalreadystoppedraining.(1)by+過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如：Ihadfinishedreadingthenovelbynineo'clocklastnight.(2)bytheendof+過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如：WehadlearnedovertwothousandEnglishwordsbytheendoflastterm.(3)before+過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如：TheyhadplantedsixhundredtreesbeforelastWednesday.賓語從句中，當(dāng)賓語從句的主句為一般過去時(shí)， 且從句的動(dòng)作先于主句的動(dòng)作時(shí)，從句要用過去完成時(shí)。在told,said,knew,heard,thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句。如：Shesaidthatshehadseenthefilmbefore.過去完成時(shí)-語法區(qū)別(1)、過去完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別比較：Ihavelearned1000Englishwordssofa副目前為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了1000個(gè)英語單詞。Ihadlearned1000Englishwordstillthen到那時(shí)為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了1000個(gè)英語單詞。(2)、過去完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別比較：Theyhadarrivedatthestationbytenyesterday.Theyarrivedatthestationattenyesterday.練習(xí)題-HaveyoueverLintongtoseetheTerraCottaWarriors?-Yes,Ihave.A.wenttoB.gonetoC.beeninD.beentoMyparentsShangdongfortenyears.A.havebeeninB.havebeentoC.havegonetoD.havebeen3、Bothhisparentslooksad.Maybethey3、Bothhisparentslooksad.Maybetheywhat'shappenedtohim.A.knewB.haveknownC.mustknowD.willknowA.knewB.haveknownC.mustknowD.willknow44、Thefamouswriteronenewbookinthepasttwoyear.A.iswritingB.waswritingC.wroteD.haswrittenJanehastoBeiJing.Shewillcomebacktomorrow.A.been B.gone C.went D.neverbeenItistenyearsIlastsawher.A.afterB.since C.for D.that--WhowillgotothestationtomeetLorry?--Iwill.Iherseveraltimes.A.metB.havemetC.hadmetD.willmeet8.Heateightyesterdayafternoon.A.sleptB.wassleepingC.hassleepD.hadslept9.Hethecarforaweek.A.boughtB.hasboughtC.hashad.--Whatanicedress!Howlongyouit?--Just2weeks.A.will,buyB.did,buyC.are,havingD.have,had.Whenhearrivedatthebusstop,thebusfor20minutes.A.hasleftB.hadleftC.hasbeenaway D.hadbeenaway.TheSmithsinChinafor8years.A.haslived B.livedC.havebeenD.Live.—ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates.-Really?Whenthere?A.willtheygoB.didtheygoC.dotheygoD.havetheygone.HesaidthatitwasatleasttenyearssinceIagooddrink.AhadenjoyedBwasenjoyingChaveenjoyedDhavebeenenjoying.Bytheendof1976,manybuildingsbuiltinthecity.AhavebeenBhaveChadbeenDwill16.--Hello,thisisMr.Greenspeaking.CanIspeaktoMr.Black?--Sorry.HetheBainiaoPark.A.hasbeentoB.hasgonetoC.wenttoD.willgoto7.Ittenyearssinceheleftthearmy.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.hadbeen.—Ourcountryalotsofar.—Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven.A.haschanged;wellB.changed;goodC.haschanged;betterD.changed;better.WefiveEnglishsongsbytheendoflastterm.AhadlearnedBlearnedChavelearnedDwillhavelearned.WhenLiMinghurriedhome,hefoundthathismotheralreadytohospital.Ahas;beensentBhad;sentChas;sentDhad;beensent.—Doyouknowhimwell?一Sure.Wefriendssincetenyearsago.A.wereB.havebeenC.havebecomeD.havemade.HanMeitoldmeshelunchsoshewasveryhungry.AhashadBhasn'thaveChavehadDhadn'thad.Sheherkeysintheoffice,soshehadtowaituntilherhusbandhome.Ahasleft;comes Bha