2022年考研考博-考博英語-燕山大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)43

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-燕山大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Abeamoflightwillnotbendroundthecornersunless______todosowiththehelpofareflectingdevice.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tobemade

B.havingmade

C.beingdone

D.made

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查定語從句。句意：一束光除非借助反射裝置，否則不會(huì)沿拐角彎曲。unless在表示“除非”時(shí)，如其引導(dǎo)的從句謂語是be動(dòng)詞，而從句的主語跟主句的主語相同時(shí)，從句的主語和be動(dòng)詞就可省略。有時(shí)從句中主語為it時(shí)，也可省略it或從句中的有關(guān)成分。在這里unless引導(dǎo)省略了成份的狀語從句，unlessitismadetodosowiththehelpofareflectingdevice是完整的從句。去掉itis后D選項(xiàng)made正確。選項(xiàng)符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

He______asumofmoneyeverymonthtohelpthetwoorphans.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.setalong

B.setsin

C.setsaside

D.setsup

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)setalong非短語；B選項(xiàng)setsin“（不好的事物）到來”；C選項(xiàng)setsaside“省出，抽出；把……拋在腦后”；D選項(xiàng)setsup“設(shè)置；成立；創(chuàng)建”。句意：他每個(gè)月______一筆錢來幫助那兩個(gè)孤兒。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是拿出錢來幫助孤兒，C選項(xiàng)setsaside“省出，抽出”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Sheisfondof______,sodon’tapproachherandtellherwhattroublesyou.She’llmakeitknowtoall.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.speech

B.appraisal

C.comment

D.gossip

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)speech“演講”；B選項(xiàng)appraisal“評(píng)估；估價(jià)”；C選項(xiàng)comment“議論；批評(píng)”；D選項(xiàng)gossip“流言飛語，閑言碎語；閑聊”。句意：她喜歡______，所以不要接近她，告訴她你的煩惱。根據(jù)語境，這里指她非常喜歡說閑話，所以不要跟她走太近，D選項(xiàng)gossip“流言飛語，閑言碎語”符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Youwillseethisproduct______whereveryougo.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.advertise

B.advertising

C.tobeadvertised

D.advertised

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：無論你到哪里，都能看到這個(gè)產(chǎn)品的廣告。當(dāng)不定式用于表示感覺的動(dòng)詞feel,hear,notice,observe,see,watch,lookat,listento等作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí),不定式必須省略to。根據(jù)謂語動(dòng)詞是see，橫線部分是賓語product的賓補(bǔ)，確定省略to；根據(jù)產(chǎn)品和打廣告是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，確定用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，D選項(xiàng)advertised符合題意。A選項(xiàng)advertise是動(dòng)詞原形；B選項(xiàng)advertising是現(xiàn)在分詞形式；C選項(xiàng)tobeadvertised未省略to。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Hisdebtshadtobe______afterhecommittedsuicidewithhisrifle.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.laidoff

B.writtenoff

C.turnedoff

D.putoff

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)laidoff“下崗，解雇”；B選項(xiàng)writtenoff“一筆勾銷；注銷”；C選項(xiàng)turnedoff“關(guān)閉”；D選項(xiàng)putoff“推遲”。句意：他用步槍自殺后，他欠下的債務(wù)不得不______。根據(jù)語境，這里指他自殺后債務(wù)就不存在了，B選項(xiàng)writtenoff“一筆勾銷；注銷”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Inthe1960s,manyyoungAmericansweredissatisfiedwithAmericansociety.TheywantedtoendtheVietnamWarandtomakeallofthepeopleintheU.S.equal.SomeofthemdecidedtodropoutofAmericansocietyandformtheirownsocieties.Theyformedutopiancommunities,whichtheycalled“communes”,wheretheycouldfollowtheirphilosophyof“doyourownthing”.AgroupofartistsfoundedacommuneinsouthernColoradocalled“DropCity”.FollowingtheideasofphilosopherandarchitectBuckminsterFuller,theybuiltdome-shapedhousesfrompiecesofoldcars.Othergroups,suchasauthorKenKesey’sMerryPranksters,thefollowersofSanFranciscopoetSteveGakin,andagroupthatcalleditselftheHogFarm,livedinoldschoolhousesandtraveledaroundtheUnitedStates.TheHogFarmbecamefamouswhentheyhelpedorganizetheWoodstockRockFestivalin1969.SteveGaskin’sfollowerstriedtosettledownonafarminTennessee,buttheyhadtoleavewhensomemembersofthegroupwerearrestedforgrowingmarijuana(大麻).

Notallcommunesbelievedinthephilosophyof“doyourownthing”.However,TwinOaks,acommunefoundedinVirginiainthelate1960s,wasbasedontheideasofpsychologistB.F.Skinner.ThepeoplewholivedatTwinOakswerecarefullycontrolledbySkinner’s“conditioning”techniquestodothingsthatweregoodforthecommunity.In1972,ItalianarchitectPaoloSoleribegantobuildArcosanti,autopiancityArizsonawhere2500peoplewilllivecloselytogetherinonelargebuildingcalledan“archeology”.Soleribelievesthatpeoplemustlivecloselytogethersothattheywillallbecomeone.

1.WhydidsomeyoungAmericansdecideto“dropout”ofsocietyduringthe1960s?

2.WheredidthemembersoftheHogFarmcommunelive?

3.WhogavethepeopleofDropCitytheideatobuilddome-shapedhouse?

4.WhatwastheTwinOakscommunebasedon?

5.Whatisan“archeology”?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheywantedtogototheVietnamWar.

B.Theydidnotwantallpeopletobeequal.

C.TheywerenotsatisfiedwithAmericansociety.

D.Theywantedtogrowmarijuana.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.OnafarminTennessee.

B.InanarcheologyinArizona.

C.Indome-shapedhouse.

D.Inoldschoolhouses.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.SteveGaskin.

B.BuckminsterFuller.

C.PaoloSoleri.

D.B.G.Skinner.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theideasofapsychologist.

B.Thebeliefthatpeoplemustlivecloselytogether.

C.Thephilosophyofdoyouownthing.

D.Virginiainthelate1960s.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.AcityinArizona.

B.Atechniquetocontrolpeople.

C.Apersonwhostudiesarchaeology.

D.Alargebuildingwherepeoplelivecloselytogether.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Inthe1960s,manyyoungAmericansweredissatisfiedwithAmericansociety.（20世紀(jì)60年代，許多美國(guó)年輕人對(duì)美國(guó)社會(huì)感到不滿。）和第三句SomeofthemdecidedtodropoutofAmericansocietyandformtheirownsocieties.（他們中的一些人決定退出美國(guó)社會(huì)，組成自己的社會(huì)。），可知是因?yàn)椴粷M美國(guó)社會(huì)，所以退出，C選項(xiàng)“他們不滿意美國(guó)社會(huì)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“他們想?yún)⒓釉侥蠎?zhàn)爭(zhēng)”和B選項(xiàng)“他們不希望所有的人都是平等的”：根據(jù)第一段第二句TheywantedtoendtheVietnamWarandtomakeallofthepeopleintheU.S.equal.（他們想結(jié)束越南戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，讓所有美國(guó)人平等。），可知他們希望戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)停止，也希望人人平等。D選項(xiàng)“他們想種植大麻”：根據(jù)第一段最后一句SteveGaskin’sfollowerstriedtosettledownonafarminTennessee,buttheyhadtoleavewhensomemembersofthegroupwerearrestedforgrowingmarijuana.（SteveGaskin的追隨者試圖在田納西州的一個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)定居，但由于該組織的一些成員因種植大麻被捕，他們不得不離開。），可知種植大麻不是退出社會(huì)的原因。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第三句agroupthatcalleditselftheHogFarm,livedinoldschoolhousesandtraveledaroundtheUnitedStates（這個(gè)團(tuán)體自稱“theHogFarm”的團(tuán)體，住在舊學(xué)校房子里，周游美國(guó)），可知D選項(xiàng)“在舊學(xué)校房子里”正確。A選項(xiàng)“在田納西州的農(nóng)場(chǎng)”：根據(jù)第一段最后一句SteveGaskin’sfollowerstriedtosettledownonafarminTennessee（SteveGaskin的追隨者試圖在田納西州的一個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)定居），可知這是SteveGaskin的追隨者而非“theHogFarm”。B選項(xiàng)“在亞利桑那州的古跡”C選項(xiàng)“在圓頂?shù)姆孔永铩保焊鶕?jù)第一段第五、六句AgroupofartistsfoundedacommuneinsouthernColoradocalled“DropCity”…theybuiltdome-shapedhousesfrompiecesofoldcars.（一群藝術(shù)家在科羅拉多州南部建立了一個(gè)名為“DropCity”的公社……他們用舊汽車的碎片建造了圓頂狀的房子。），可知這里指的是“DropCity”而非“theHogFarm”。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段第六句FollowingtheideasofphilosopherandarchitectBuckminsterFuller,theybuiltdome-shapedhousesfrompiecesofoldcars.（按照哲學(xué)家和建筑師BuckminsterFuller的想法，他們用舊汽車的碎片建造了圓頂狀的房子。），可知B選項(xiàng)“BuckminsterFuller”正確。A選項(xiàng)“SteveGaskin”，C選項(xiàng)“PaoloSoleri”和D選項(xiàng)“B.G.Skinner”不符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第二句TwinOaks,acommunefoundedinVirginiainthelate1960s,wasbasedontheideasofpsychologistB.F.Skinner.（TwinOaks社區(qū)在20世紀(jì)60年代末于弗吉尼亞州成立，它基于心理學(xué)家B.F.Skinner的想法。），可知A選項(xiàng)“心理學(xué)家的想法”正確。B選項(xiàng)“人們必須緊密生活在一起的信念”，C選項(xiàng)“做自己的事情的哲學(xué)”和D選項(xiàng)“60年代末的弗吉尼亞”不符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】語義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二句autopiancityArizsonawhere2500peoplewilllivecloselytogetherinonelargebuildingcalledan“archeology”（一個(gè)烏托邦城市亞利桑那，在這里2500人將緊密地生活在一個(gè)叫做“archeology”大建筑物里），可知這個(gè)烏托邦城市地點(diǎn)在亞利桑那，在“archeology”中人們緊密地生活在一起，D選項(xiàng)“人們住在一起的巨大建筑”正確，A選項(xiàng)“亞利桑那州的一個(gè)城市”錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“一種控制人的技巧”和C選項(xiàng)“研究考古學(xué)的人”：文中沒有提到。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Dowomentendtodevaluetheworthoftheirwork?Dotheyapplydifferentstandardstorewardingtheirownworkmorecriticallythantheydotorewardingtheworkofothers?ThesewerethequestionsaskedbyMichiganStateUniversitypsychologistsLawrenceMesseandCharleneCallahan-Levy.Pastexperimentshadshownthatwhenwomenwereaskedtodecidehowmuchtopaythemselvesandotherpeopleforthesamejob,theypaidthemselvesless.Followinguponthisfinding,MesseandCallahan-Levydesignedexperimentstotestseveralpopularexplanationsofwhywomentendtogetlessinpaysituations.

Onetheorythepsychologiststestedwasthatwomenjudgetheirownworkmoreharshlythanthatofothers.ThesubjectsfortheexperimenttestingthistheoryweremenandwomenfromtheMichiganStateundergraduatestudentbody.Thejobthesubjectswereaskedtoperformforpaywasanopinionquestionnairerequiringanumberofshortessaysoncampus-relatedissues.Aftercompletingthequestionnaire,somesubjectsweregivensixdollarsinbillsandchangeandwereaskedtodecidepaymentforthemselves.Othersweregiventhesameamountandwereaskedtodecidepaymentforanothersubjectwhohadalsocompletedthequestionnaire.

Thepsychologistsfoundthat,asinearlierexperiments,thewomenpaidthemselveslessthanthemenpaidthemselves.Theyalsofoundthatthewomenpaidthemselveslessthantheypaidotherwomenandlessthanthemenpaidthewomen.Thedifferencesweresubstantial.Theaveragepaidtowomenbythemselveswas$2.97.Theaveragepaidtomenbythemselveswas$4.06.Theaveragepaidtowomenbyotherswas$4.37.Inspiteofthedifferences,thepsychologistsfoundthatthemenandthewomenintheexperimentevaluatedtheirownperformancesonthequestionnaireaboutequallyandbetterthantheexpectedperformancesofothers.

Onthebasisofthesefindings,MesseandCallahan-Levyconcludedthatwomen'sattachmentofacomparativelylowmonetaryvaluetotheirworkcannotbebasedentirelyontheirjudgmentoftheirownability.

1.Theexperimentdesignedinthepassagewouldbemostrelevanttotheformulation(表述)ofatheoryconcerningthe________.

2.HowistheresearchofMesseandCallahan-Levyrelatedtoearlierexperimentsinthesamefield?

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsissupportedbythefactsstatedinthepassage?

4.TheworkofMesseandCallahan-Levytendstosupportwhichofthefollowingnotions?

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.generallylowersalariesreceivedbywomenworkersincomparisontomen

B.reluctanceofsomewomentoenterprofessionsthataretraditionallydominatedbymen

C.anxietyexpressedbysomewomenworkersindealingwithmalesupervisors

D.prejudicesoftensufferedbywomeninattemptingtoentertheworkforce

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itsuggestsaneedtodiscardmethodsusedinearlierexperiments.

B.Ittendstoweakentheassumptionsonwhichearlierexperimentsweredesigned.

C.Itsuggeststhattheproblemrevealedinearlierexperimentsmaybemorewidespreadthanpreviouslythought.

D.Ithelpstoexplainaphenomenonrevealedinearlierexperiments

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Mentendtopaythemselvesmorethantheypayothermenforthesamework.

B.Womentendtopaymenmorethantheypayotherwomenforthesamework.

C.Mentendtopaywomenlessthantheypayothermenforthesamework.

D.Noneoftheabove.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Womenaregenerallylessconcernedwithfinancialrewardsfortheirworkthanmenare.

B.Menarewillingtopaywomenmorethanwomenarewillingtopaythemselves.

C.Paymentforworkshouldgenerallybedirectlyrelatedtothequalityofthework.

D.Womenjudgetheirownworkmorecruciallythantheyjudgetheworkofmen.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.itisnotalwaysreliabletomeasurewomen’sabilitybyhowmuchtheyearn

B.womenwouldratherattachimportancetosacrificesthanaskforrepaymentfortheirwork

C.womentendtoassesstheirabilityofworkbytheirownself-worthratherthanmonetaryvalues

D.womengenerallyremainindifferenttohowmuchmoneytheyshouldobtainfromtheirwork

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句MesseandCallahan-Levydesignedexperimentstotestseveralpopularexplanationsofwhywomentendtogetlessinpaysituations（Messe和Callahan-Levy設(shè)計(jì)了一些實(shí)驗(yàn)，以檢驗(yàn)為什么女性的薪酬往往較低的幾種流行學(xué)說），可知實(shí)驗(yàn)是為了驗(yàn)證女性工資普遍較低的相關(guān)話題，A選項(xiàng)“與男性相比，女性員工的工資普遍較低”正確。B選項(xiàng)“一些女性不愿意進(jìn)入傳統(tǒng)上由男性主導(dǎo)的職業(yè)”，C選項(xiàng)“一些女性員工在與男性主管打交道時(shí)表現(xiàn)出焦慮”和D選項(xiàng)“在試圖進(jìn)入職場(chǎng)時(shí)，女性經(jīng)常遭受偏見”：文中沒有提到，屬于無中生有。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句Pastexperimentshadshownthat…Followinguponthisfinding,MesseandCallahan-Levydesignedexperimentstotestseveralpopularexplanationsofwhywomentendtogetlessinpaysituations.（過去的實(shí)驗(yàn)表明……在這一發(fā)現(xiàn)的基礎(chǔ)上，Messe和Callahan-Levy設(shè)計(jì)了一些實(shí)驗(yàn)，以檢驗(yàn)為什么女性的薪酬往往較低的幾種流行學(xué)說），結(jié)合第三段第一句asinearlierexperiments…Theyalsofoundthat…（與之前的實(shí)驗(yàn)一樣……他們還發(fā)現(xiàn)……），可知Messe和Callahan-Levy的實(shí)驗(yàn)是為了解釋之前實(shí)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象的原因，結(jié)果與之前的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果如出一轍，并且有進(jìn)一步的發(fā)現(xiàn)，可以為先前的實(shí)驗(yàn)提供進(jìn)一步的解釋，D選項(xiàng)“有助于解釋在之前實(shí)驗(yàn)中發(fā)現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)象”正確。A選項(xiàng)“表明有必要拋棄在之前實(shí)驗(yàn)中使用的方法”：文中沒有提到早期實(shí)驗(yàn)的方法以及對(duì)此的看法，屬于無中生有。B選項(xiàng)“傾向于削弱之前實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)所依據(jù)的假設(shè)”：其結(jié)果印證了之前的假設(shè)，屬于反向干擾。C選項(xiàng)“表明早期實(shí)驗(yàn)揭示的問題可能比以前認(rèn)為的更廣泛”：文中沒有提到在早期實(shí)驗(yàn)之前的觀點(diǎn)，屬于無中生有。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。A選項(xiàng)“做同樣的工作，男性付給自己的報(bào)酬往往比別人的多”：文中沒有對(duì)比男性給自己的和給其他人的金錢差異，屬于無中生有。B選項(xiàng)“做同樣的工作，女性往往付給男性的錢比給其他女性的多”：根據(jù)第三段第一二句thewomenpaidthemselveslessthanthemenpaidthemselves…womenpaidthemselveslessthantheypaidotherwomenandlessthanthemenpaidthewomen.（女性給自己的報(bào)酬低于男性給自己的報(bào)酬……女性給自己的報(bào)酬低于其他女性，也低于男性給女性的報(bào)酬），文中沒有對(duì)比女性給其他女性和男性的報(bào)酬，屬于無中生有。C選項(xiàng)“做同樣的工作，男性付給女性的錢往往比給其他男性的少”：文中沒有提到，屬于無中生有。D選項(xiàng)“以上都不是”：A、B、C選項(xiàng)都不正確，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第二句thewomenpaidthemselves…lessthanthemenpaidthewomen（女性付給自己的錢比男性付給女性的少），可知男性付給女性的報(bào)酬比女性給自己的報(bào)酬高，B選項(xiàng)“男性愿意支付給女性的薪水要高于女性愿意支付給自己的薪水”正確。A選項(xiàng)“與男性相比，女性一般不太關(guān)心工作的經(jīng)濟(jì)報(bào)酬”：根據(jù)最后一段women'sattachmentofacomparativelylowmonetaryvaluetotheirwork（女性對(duì)其工作相對(duì)較低的金錢價(jià)值依戀），可知女性沒有男性那么渴望較高的報(bào)酬，但不代表女性不關(guān)心自己得到的報(bào)酬是多少，屬于推理過度。C選項(xiàng)“工作報(bào)酬一般應(yīng)與工作質(zhì)量直接相關(guān)”和D選項(xiàng)“女性評(píng)判自己的工作比男性的工作更重要”：文中沒有提到，屬于無中生有。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段women'sattachmentofacomparativelylowmonetaryvaluetotheirworkcannotbebasedentirelyontheirjudgmentoftheirownability（女性對(duì)其工作相對(duì)較低的金錢價(jià)值依戀，不能完全基于她們對(duì)自己能力的判斷），可知女性不那么追求高報(bào)酬，并不是因?yàn)槟芰Φ?，A選項(xiàng)“用收入多少來衡量女性的能力并不總是可靠的”正確。B選項(xiàng)“婦女寧愿重視犧牲，也不愿要求對(duì)她們工作的回報(bào)”和D選項(xiàng)“女性通常對(duì)她們應(yīng)該從工作中獲得多少錢漠不關(guān)心”：雖然女性沒有要求那么高的報(bào)酬，但不至于對(duì)錢漠不關(guān)心，愿意做出巨大的犧牲，屬于推理過度。C選項(xiàng)“女性傾向于通過自我價(jià)值而不是金錢價(jià)值來評(píng)估自己的工作能力”：文中沒有提到，屬于無中生有。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Accordingtotheperiodictable,______stillsomeelementsundiscovered.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.itseemsthat

B.hereseem

C.thereseemtobe

D.itseemstobe

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查固定句型。句意：根據(jù)元素周期表，似乎仍有一些元素未被發(fā)現(xiàn)。A選項(xiàng)itseemsthat放進(jìn)來that引導(dǎo)的主語從句缺主語，語法錯(cuò)誤；B選項(xiàng)hereseem放進(jìn)來句子缺主語，here不能充當(dāng)主語成分；C選項(xiàng)thereseemtobe是therebe句型，當(dāng)seem用于therebe結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，其通常的表現(xiàn)形式為Thereseemstobe…，tobe可以省略，也可以保留，但以保留為多見；D選項(xiàng)itseemstobe中it指代不明確，用法錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)thereseemtobe符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Hehasabadimpressionofhis______intheoffice.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.barbers

B.audience

C.colleagues

D.bullets

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查定語從句。A選項(xiàng)barbers“理發(fā)師；理發(fā)店”；B選項(xiàng)audience“觀眾；聽眾；讀者”；C選項(xiàng)colleagues“同事”；D選項(xiàng)bullets“子彈”。句意：他對(duì)辦公室里的______印象很差。根據(jù)語境，辦公室里的是同事，C選項(xiàng)colleagues“同事”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Youmustbeverycareful;thework______precision.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.retains

B.entails

C.retails

D.repels

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)retains“保持”；B選項(xiàng)entails“牽涉；需要”；C選項(xiàng)retails“述說（尤指別人的事情）”；D選項(xiàng)repels“擊退；趕走”。句意：你必須非常小心；這項(xiàng)工作______精確。根據(jù)語境，這里指這是份細(xì)致的工作，B選項(xiàng)entails“牽涉；需要”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

ThealcoholintakeofGreeksisalsomodest______Europeanterms,butthey’rethebiggestsmokersinthe15-countrybloc,______upeighttimesadayforeveryman,womanandchild.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.during,lighted

B.in,lighting

C.for,lighted

D.as,lighting

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查固定搭配與非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：在歐洲，希臘人的飲酒量也不算高，但他們卻是15國(guó)中吸煙人數(shù)最多的國(guó)家，男女老少平均每天要抽8次煙。根據(jù)固定搭配intermsof“在……方面，從……角度”，確定第一根橫線用介詞in；第二根橫線考查非謂語動(dòng)詞，其邏輯主語和本句的主語一致，動(dòng)作是主語主動(dòng)發(fā)出，確定用現(xiàn)在分詞lighting，B選項(xiàng)in,lighting符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Hefelt______ofwhathehaddoneinschool.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.shy

B.ash

C.advisable

D.ashamed

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)shy“害羞的；易受驚的；對(duì)（做）……心懷顧忌”；B選項(xiàng)ash“灰燼”；C選項(xiàng)advisable“明智的，可取的”；D選項(xiàng)ashamed“感到羞恥的；慚愧的”。句意：他為自己在學(xué)校里的所作所為感到______。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是對(duì)他做過的事的態(tài)度，D選項(xiàng)ashamed“感到羞恥的；慚愧的”符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

TheGermanGovernment’slong-plannedreturntoitshistoriccapitalisinfull______thissummer,almost10yearsafterthefalloftheBerlinWall.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.gear

B.speed

C.rate

D.move

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)gear“齒輪；（特定用途的）器械”；B選項(xiàng)speed“（發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的）速度，進(jìn)度”，fullspeed“全速（或全力）向前”；C選項(xiàng)rate“速度；比率”；D選項(xiàng)move“行動(dòng)”。句意：在柏林墻倒塌近10年后的今年夏天，德國(guó)政府計(jì)劃已久的重返歷史上的首都的計(jì)劃______。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是全力推動(dòng)計(jì)劃，結(jié)合詞組fullspeed“全速（或全力）向前”，B選項(xiàng)speed“（發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的）速度，進(jìn)度”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

14.翻譯題

(1)ThedevelopingcountriesofCentralandSouthAmerica,Africa,andAsiaoncemerelyexportedrawmaterialsandcashcropsinreturnformanufacturedgoods.Peopleinthesecountriesprovidedformostoftheirownneedsthroughsubsistenceagricultureandsmall-scalecrafts.Intime,though,peopleinthesecountriesgrewincreasinglydependentontheglobaleconomy,becauselocalcraftscouldnotcompetewiththecheap,factory-madeexportsofthedevelopedcountries,suchasEuropeannations,theUnitedStates,andJapan.Todecreasetheirdependence,manydevelopingcountriessoughttostrengthentheireconomiesbybuildingfactories,moderndams,androadsduringthe1960and1970s.Governmentfrequentlymadepoorfinancialchoices.However,infrastructureprojectssuchasdamsandhighwayswereoftentoomassiveforlocalneeds.Choicesaboutindustryweresometimesnotbasedonthebestinterestsofthecountry,andprotectionfromcompetitionfrequentlyresultedininferiorgoods.(2)Asresult,productscouldnotcompeteontheglobalmarketwiththehigher-qualitygoodsfromtheindustrializedcountries.Manydevelopingcountriesthenhadlittleincometopayoffdebtsincurred(招致)duringtheirexpansion.

Afewdevelopingeconomiessucceededinbuildingprosperitythroughindustrializationduringthe20thcentury.ThemostnotableofthesewereSouthKorea,Singapore,andHongKongS.A.R.LikeJapanduringthe19thcentury,theyestablishedtariffsandotherbarrierstoprotectlocalproductsfromforeigncompetitionandinvestedlocalwealthinindustrialdevelopment.(3)AlsolikeJapan,theyfocusedonsellingtheproductstheymanufacturedtoforeignconsumersinordertobringwealthintothecountry.Bytheendofthe20thcenturysomeexpertsconsideredtheseeconomiestobedeveloped,ratherthandeveloping,althoughmanyofSouthKorea’seconomicsuccesseswerereversedinthefinancialcrisisof1997.(4)Followingasimilarpath,Chinaadvancedeconomicallythrougharapidexpansionofmanufacturedexportsduringthelate20thcentury.

Meanwhile,multinationalsbasedintheeconomicallydevelopedworldsetuplow-wagemanufacturingfacilitiesinsomedevelopingcountries,particularlyinSoutheastAsiaandinCentralandSouthAmerica.Thesefactoriestypicallygeneratedfewlong-termbenefitsforthelocaleconomy.Theprofitsflowedoutsidethecountrytotheshareholdersoftheforeignmultinationals.Also,thedevelopingcountrieswereforcedtoparticipateina“racetothebottom”toattractmultinationalinvestment.(5)Ifadevelopingcountryoritspeoplesoughthigherwagesorenforcedlabororenvironmentalprotections,multinationalsoftensimplyrelocatedproductiontoacountrywithlowercost.

【答案】1.中南美洲、非洲和亞洲的發(fā)展中國(guó)家曾經(jīng)僅僅依靠出口原材料和經(jīng)濟(jì)作物換取制成品。

2.因此，產(chǎn)品無法在全球市場(chǎng)上與工業(yè)化國(guó)家的高質(zhì)量產(chǎn)品競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。

3.也像日本一樣，他們專注于向外國(guó)消費(fèi)者銷售他們制造的產(chǎn)品，來為國(guó)家?guī)碡?cái)富。

4.20世紀(jì)末，中國(guó)通過制造業(yè)出口的快速擴(kuò)張，實(shí)現(xiàn)了經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展。

5.如果一個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家或其人民要求更高的工資、實(shí)施勞動(dòng)保護(hù)或環(huán)境保護(hù)，跨國(guó)公司通常只需要將生產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移到成本更低的國(guó)家。

15.單選題

Healwaystakesprideinhiswork.Heisvery______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.humble

B.devoted

C.respective

D.formal

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)humble“謙遜的，虛心的”；B選項(xiàng)devoted“忠誠(chéng)的，全心全意的”；C選項(xiàng)respective“分別的，各自的”；D選項(xiàng)formal“適合正式場(chǎng)合的；正規(guī)的”。句意：他總是為自己的工作感到自豪。他非常______。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是他很投入于自己的工作，為自己的工作感到自豪，B選項(xiàng)devoted“忠誠(chéng)的，全心全意的”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Theyboughtthelandwitha______tobuildanewofficeblock.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.purpose

B.view

C.goal

D.reason

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查定語從句。A選項(xiàng)purpose“目的（經(jīng)過考慮而要做某事的意圖）”；B選項(xiàng)view“風(fēng)景；視野”；C選項(xiàng)goal“目標(biāo)（想要通過一段時(shí)間的努力而在未來實(shí)現(xiàn)某事的意圖）”；D選項(xiàng)reason“理由，原因”。句意：他們買那塊地的______是要建一座新的辦公大樓。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是現(xiàn)在買地，買地是為了以后建辦公大樓，A選項(xiàng)purpose符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Thewind______thecloudsandthesunwasagainvisible.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.dispersed

B.distributed

C.displaced

D.displayed

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)dispersed“使分散；驅(qū)散”；B選項(xiàng)distributed“分發(fā)；散布”；C選項(xiàng)displaced“取代；移動(dòng)”；D選項(xiàng)displayed“陳列；表露（特點(diǎn)、素質(zhì)、情感）”。句意：風(fēng)______云，又看得見太陽了。根據(jù)語境，這里指風(fēng)把云吹散，A選項(xiàng)dispersed“使分散；驅(qū)散”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

Thiskindofglassesmanufacturedbyexperiencedcraftsmen______comfortably.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wearing

B.areworn

C.isworn

D.wears

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查主謂一致。句意：這種眼鏡由經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的工匠制作，戴起來很舒服。Thiskindofglasses是句子主語，manufacturedbyexperiencedcraftsmen是修飾主語的定語，橫線部分是謂語動(dòng)詞，comfortably是狀語。根據(jù)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)確定wears符合題意。A選項(xiàng)wearing是非謂語動(dòng)詞；B選項(xiàng)areworn和C選項(xiàng)isworn是被動(dòng)語態(tài)，這里不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

Alotofantsarealwaysinvadingmykitchen.Theyareathorough______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.nuisance

B.trouble

C.worry

D.anxiety

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)nuisance“麻煩事，討厭的人（或東西）”；B選項(xiàng)trouble“困難”；C選項(xiàng)worry“令人擔(dān)憂的事”；D選項(xiàng)anxiety“焦慮”。句意：我的廚房里總是有很多螞蟻。它們就是十足的______。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是這些螞蟻非常讓人心煩，A選項(xiàng)nuisance“麻煩事，討厭的人（或東西）”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

20.單選題

TheearlyretirementofexperiencedworkersisseriouslyharmingtheU.S.economy,accordingtoanewreportfromtheHudsonInstitute,apublicpolicyresearchorganization.Currently,manyolderexperiencedworkersretireatanearlyage.Accordingtotherecentlyissuedstatistics,79percentofqualifiedworkersbegincollectingretirementbenefitsatage62;ifthattrendcontinues,therewillbealaborshortagethatwillhindertheeconomicgrowthinthetwenty-firstcentury.

OlderAmericansconstituteanincreasingproportionofthepopulation,accordingtotheU.S.CensusBureau,andthepopulationofthoseoverage65willgrowby60%between2001and2020.Duringthesameperiod,thegroupaged18to44willincreasebyonly4%.Keepingolderskilledworkersemployed,evenparttime,wouldincreaseU.S.economicoutputandstrengthenthetaxbase;butwithoutsignificantpolicyreforms,massiveearlyretirementamongbabyboomersseemsmorelikely.

Retirementatage62isaneconomicallyrationaldecisiontoday.SocialSecurityandMedicaidearningslimitsandtaxpenaltiessubjectourmostexperiencedworkerstomarginaltaxratesashighas67%.SocialSecurityformulasencourageearlyretirement.Althoughincomesusuallyrisewithadditionalyearsofwork,anypayincreasesafterthe35-yearmarkresultinhighersocialSecuritytaxesbutonlysmallincreasesinbenefits.

HudsonInstituteresearchersbelievethatfederaltaxandbenefitpoliciesareatfaultandreformsareurgentlyneeded,buttheydisagreewiththepopularproposalthatmucholderAmericanswillhavetoworkbecauseSocialSecuritywillnotsupportthemandthatbabyboomersarenotsavingenoughforretirement.Accordingtotheincreasein401(k)andKeoghretirementplans,theongoingstockmarketonWallStreet,andthelikelihoodoflargeinheritances,thereisevidencethatbabyboomerswillreachage65withgreaterfinancialassetsthanpreviousgenerations.

TheHudsonInstituteadvocatesreforminggovernmentpoliciesthatnowdiscourageworkandsavings,especiallyforolderworkers.Amongthereport’srecommendations:taxhalfofallSocialSecuritybenefits,regardlessofotherincome;provide8%largerbenefitsforeachyearbeyond65;andpermitworkersnearingretirementtonegotiatecompensationpackagesthatmayincludealowersalarybutwithgreaterhealthcarebenefits.However,itmaytakerealandfruitfulplanningtofindtherightsolutiontotheearlyretirementofolderexperiencedworkers;anymeasurestakenmustbeallowedtoprolongtheserviceabilityofolderexperiencedworkers.

1.AccordingtoHudsonInstituteresearcher,theeffectoftheearlyretirementofqualifiedworkersintheU.S.economyis________.

2.TheoldexperiencedworkersinAmericatendtoretireearlybecausetheirprolongedservicemay________.

3.Thesecondparagraphiswrittenchieflytoshowthat________.

4.Whenmentioning“theongoingstockmarketonWallStreet”thewriter________.

5.Towardstheissue,whatthewriterismostconcernedaboutwillbe________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.constructive

B.significant

C.inconclusive

D.disadvantageous

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.doharmtoyoungergenerations

B.endupwithfewornobenefits

C.giveplaytotheirpotentials

D.shedlightonsocialtrends

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.therewillbeanacutelaborshortageinthenearfutures

B.baby-boomerscontributemuchtotheUSeconomic

C.governmentpoliciesconcerningolderpeopleareout-dated

D.olderworkersareenthusiasticaboutcollectingsocialbenefits

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.iscallingattentiontotheprivilegestowhichbaby-boomersareentitled

B.iscallingforthegovernmenttotakecountermeasuresagainstlaborshortage

C.isrefutinganotionaboutexperiencedworkers’earlyretirement

D.isjustifyingtheineffectivenessoffederaltaxandbenefitpolicies

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.toadvocateradicallyreforminggovernmentpolicies

B.totakeintoaccountthebenefitsuponretirement

C.toputinpracticewhatHudsonresearchersbelievein

D.toprolongthepracticabilityofolderexperiencedemployees

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段TheearlyretirementofexperiencedworkersisseriouslyharmingtheU.S.economy,accordingtoanewreportfromtheHudsonInstitute,apublicpolicyresearchorganization.（公共政策研究機(jī)構(gòu)哈德遜研究所的一份新報(bào)告顯示，有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的工人提前退休正嚴(yán)重?fù)p害美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)。），可知有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的工人提前退休具有弊端，D選項(xiàng)“不利的”正確。A選項(xiàng)“建設(shè)性的”，B選項(xiàng)“意義重大的”和C選項(xiàng)“無定論的”屬于無中生有。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一句Retirementatage62isaneconomicallyrationaldecisiontoday.（在今天，62歲退休在經(jīng)濟(jì)上是一個(gè)理性的決定。）和最后一句Althoughincomesusuallyrisewithadditionalyearsofwork,anypayincreasesafterthe35-yearmarkresultinhighersocialSecuritytaxesbutonlysmallincreasesinbenefits.（盡管收入通常會(huì)隨著工作年限的增加而增加，但35年之后的任何工資增長(zhǎng)都會(huì)導(dǎo)致社會(huì)保障稅的增加，而福利只會(huì)小幅增加。），可知許多人希望盡早退休的原因是好處不夠，B選項(xiàng)“最終得到很少的好處或得不到好處”正確。A選項(xiàng)“對(duì)年輕一代有害”和C選項(xiàng)“發(fā)揮他們的潛力”：文中沒有提到，屬于無中生有。D選項(xiàng)“闡明社會(huì)趨勢(shì)”：根據(jù)第一段最后一句ifthattrendcontinues,therewillbealaborshortagethatwillhindertheeconomicgrowthinthetwenty-firstcentury.（如果這種趨勢(shì)繼續(xù)下去，勞動(dòng)力短缺將會(huì)阻礙21世紀(jì)的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)。），社會(huì)趨勢(shì)指的是許多有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的老工人很早就退休了，但這不是他們退休的原因，屬于出處錯(cuò)位。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。第二段第一句指出人口老齡化會(huì)加劇，第二句指出年輕人群的增長(zhǎng)很少，第三句建議讓年長(zhǎng)的技術(shù)工人繼續(xù)就業(yè)以維持勞動(dòng)力數(shù)量，如果不改革，勞動(dòng)力缺乏的情況會(huì)更嚴(yán)重，綜合可知，A選項(xiàng)“在不久的將來，將會(huì)嚴(yán)重勞動(dòng)力短缺”正確。B選項(xiàng)“嬰兒潮一代對(duì)美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)貢獻(xiàn)很大”：根據(jù)第二段最后一句butwithoutsignificantpolicyreforms,massiveearlyretirementamongbabyboomersseemsmorelikely.（但如果不進(jìn)行重大政策改革，嬰兒潮一代大規(guī)模提前退休的可能性似乎更大。），這里沒有講嬰兒潮一代對(duì)美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)貢獻(xiàn)很大，屬于曲解原文。C選項(xiàng)“政府有關(guān)老年人的政策已經(jīng)過時(shí)了”：文中沒有提到關(guān)于老年人的政策，屬于無中生有。D選項(xiàng)“年長(zhǎng)的工人熱衷于將社會(huì)福利收入囊中”：文中沒有提到，屬于無中生有。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。文章在第四段第一句提出HudsonInstituteresearchersbelievethatfederaltaxandbenefitpoliciesareatfaultandreformsareurgentlyneeded,buttheydisagreewiththepopularproposalthatmucholderAmericanswillhavetowork（哈德遜研究所的研究人員認(rèn)為，聯(lián)邦稅收和福利政策是錯(cuò)誤的，改革迫在眉睫，但他們不同意一項(xiàng)廣受歡迎的提議，即美國(guó)老年人必須工作。），可知作者贊同美國(guó)老年人必須工作的觀點(diǎn)，隨后在第四段最后一句提出Accordingto…theongoingstockmarketonWallStreet…thereisevidencethatbabyboomerswillreachage65withgreaterfinancialassetsthanpreviousgenerations.（根據(jù)華爾街股市的持續(xù)上漲……有證據(jù)表明，嬰兒潮一代將工作到65歲，比前幾代人擁有更多的金融資產(chǎn)。），可知華爾街股市持續(xù)上漲的例子是為了支持上面美國(guó)老年人必須工作的觀點(diǎn)，C選項(xiàng)“反駁有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的工人提前退休的觀點(diǎn)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“正在呼吁人們關(guān)注嬰兒潮一代所享有的特權(quán)”：文中沒有提到，屬于無中生有。B選項(xiàng)“要求政府采取對(duì)策解決勞動(dòng)力短缺問題”：這里沒有提到解決勞動(dòng)力短缺的問題，屬于出處錯(cuò)位。D選項(xiàng)“為聯(lián)邦稅收和福利政策的無效辯護(hù)”：作者和哈德遜研究所一樣認(rèn)為聯(lián)邦稅收和福利政策是錯(cuò)誤，不符合文章內(nèi)容，屬于反向干擾。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。文章第一段提出有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的工人提前退休具有危害，第二段提出需要用政策使他們延長(zhǎng)就業(yè)，第三段指出他們?yōu)槭裁磿?huì)提前退休，第四段強(qiáng)調(diào)老員工必須工作，第五段闡述了哈德遜研究所對(duì)有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的老員工提前退休的建議后總結(jié)必須延長(zhǎng)有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的老員工的工作時(shí)間。文章在各個(gè)方面闡述為什么需要延長(zhǎng)有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的老員工的工作時(shí)間，也給出了建議，D選項(xiàng)“給有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的老員工延長(zhǎng)工作時(shí)間的可行性”正確。A選項(xiàng)“主張徹底改革政府政策”：文章只涉及到老員工提前退休的政策，沒有提出讓政府徹底改革，屬于偷換概念。B選項(xiàng)“考慮退休后的福利”：這只是文章的部分內(nèi)容，屬于以偏概全。C選項(xiàng)“將哈德遜研究人員所相信的付諸實(shí)踐”：作者引用哈德遜研究人員的研究?jī)?nèi)容只是為了佐證自己的觀點(diǎn)，不是想表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)，屬于曲解原文。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

21.單選題

Yesterdaywassucha______daywedecidedtogoforadrive.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.glorious

B.dynamical

C.avenue

D.invitation

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)gl