大學體驗英語綜合教程3原文對照翻譯

..WORD資料可編輯專業(yè)整理分享大學體驗英語綜合教程3課文對照翻譯..Unit1:Passage

A:Care

for

Our

Mother

Earth..<Dr.McKinleyofAwarenessMagazineinterviewsagroupofexpertsonenvironmentalissues.>《意識》雜志的麥肯立博士就環(huán)境問題對幾位專家進行采訪..Dr.McKinley:Whatdoyouthinkisthebiggestthreattotheenvironmenttoday?麥肯立博士：您認為目前環(huán)境面臨的最大威脅是什么..AmanMotwane:Thebiggestthreattoourenvironmenttodayisthewaywe,ashumanbeings,seeourenvironment.Howweseeourenvironmentshapesourwholeworld.Mostofusseeeverythingasindependentfromoneanother.Buttherealityisthateverythingispartofoneinterconnected,interrelatedwhole.Forexample,atreemayappearisolated,butinfactitaffectsandisaffectedbyeverythinginitsenvironment-sunshine,rain,wind,birds,minerals,otherplantsandtrees,you,me.Thetreeshapesthewindthatblowsaroundit;itisalsoshapedbythatwind.Lookattherelationshipbetweenthetreeanditsenvironmentandyouwillseethefutureofthetree.阿曼·莫特萬：現(xiàn)在環(huán)境面臨的最大威脅來自我們人類對環(huán)境的態(tài)度。我們對環(huán)境的看法決定著我們周圍世界的環(huán)境。大多數(shù)人認為萬物是彼此孤立的。但事實上,每一個個體都是一個息息相關、相互聯(lián)系的整體的組成部分。比如,一顆樹看上去或許是孤立的,但它卻對其周圍環(huán)境中的一切——日光、雨水、風、鳥、礦物質、其它植物和樹木、你、我等——施加影響,同時又處于環(huán)境的的影響之下。一棵樹會影響從它周圍吹過的風；風同時又會影響這顆樹的生長。了解這棵樹與其環(huán)境的關系,你就可以預見它的未來。..Mostofusareblindtothisinterconnectednessofeverything.Thisiswhywedon'tseetheconsequencesofouractions.Itistimeforeachofustoopenoureyesandseetheworldasitreallyis-onecompletewholewhereeverycausehasaneffect.大多數(shù)人對萬物之間的相關性視而不見。正因為如此,我們就不了解我們的所作所為會造成的后果?，F(xiàn)在我們每個人都應該睜開雙眼,看清這個世界的真實面貌——一個因果相循的完整集合體。..Dr.McKinley:HelloDr.Semkiw.Inyourresearch,whatenvironmentalissuesdoyoufindmostpressing?塞姆基博士,您好。您在研究過程中覺得哪些環(huán)境問題最為緊迫？..WalterSemkiw:Twoenvironmentalissuesthatwefindmostpressingaredeforestingandglobalwarming.Mankindhasnowcutdownhalfofthetreesthatexisted10,000yearsago.Thelossoftreesupsetstheecosystemastreesarenecessarytobuildtopsoil,maintainrainfallindryclimates,purifyundergroundwaterandtoconvertcarbondioxidetooxygen.Treesbringwaterupfromtheground,allowingwatertoevaporateintotheatmosphere.塞姆基博士：我們認為最嚴重的兩個環(huán)境問題是森林砍伐和全球變暖。由于大量砍伐,現(xiàn)在地球上的樹木僅有一萬年前的一半。毀掉樹木也就破壞了生態(tài)環(huán)境,因為樹木可以維持表層土壤,保證干旱氣候地帶的降雨量,凈化地下水,并將二氧化碳轉化為氧氣。樹木把水從地下帶到地面,并讓水蒸發(fā)到大氣中。..Theevaporatedwaterthenreturnsasrain,whichisvitaltoareasthatarenaturallydry.Areasdownwindofdeforestedlandslosethissourceofrainfallandtransformintodeserts.Globalwarmingresultsfromtheburningoffossilfuels,suchaspetroleumproducts,resultinginthereleaseofgreenhousegassesintotheatmosphere.Carbondioxideandothergreenhousegassesthenresultinginthetrapheat,resultinginwarmingofouratmosphere.隨后這些蒸發(fā)氣體又再化為雨水返回地面。這對天然的干旱地區(qū)是至關重要的。毀林地區(qū)的下風區(qū)域會因缺乏降雨來源而變?yōu)榛哪Ｈ蜃兣脑蚴侨紵偷鹊V物燃料引起的,因為這會釋放出溫室氣體進入大氣。二氧化碳和其它溫室氣體會聚積熱量,最終造成全球氣候變暖。..Dr.McKinley:Mr.Nacson,thanksforparticipatingallthewayfromAustralia!WhatdoyousuggestthereadersofAwarenessMagazinecandotohelptheenvironmentalproblem?麥肯立博士：納可森博士,謝謝您專程從澳大利亞遠道趕來參加我們的訪談。請您告訴《意識》雜志的讀者怎樣做才有助于解決環(huán)保問題。..LeonNacson:Thesimplestwaytohelptheenvironmentisnottoimpactonit.Treadaslightlyasyoucan,takingaslittleaspossible,andputtingbackasmuchasyoucan.利昂·納可森：保護環(huán)境最簡單的方法就是不要去摧殘它。要盡最大努力去善待它,盡可能少索取,多回報。..Dr.McKinley:Whatisyourspecificareaofconcernregardingthecurrentandfuturestateoftheenvironment?麥肯立博士：對于環(huán)境的現(xiàn)狀及未來,您最關心的是什么呢？..LeonNacson:AirandwaterpollutionareourNumberOnepriorities.Itishardtounderstandthatwearepollutingtheairwebreatheandthewaterwedrink.Thesearetwoelementsthatarenotinexhaustible,andwemustrealizethatoncewereachthepointofnoreturn,therewillbenothingleftforfuturegenerations.利昂·納可森：空氣和水污染是我們關注的首要問題。我們正在污染我們呼吸的空氣和飲用的水,這真是讓人難以理解。空氣和水這兩種物質并非取之不竭,我們必須認識到,一旦到了無可挽回的地步,我們的子孫就將一無所有。..Dr.McKinley:Mr.Desai,whatanhonoritistohavethisopportunitytointerviewyou.Canyoupleaseshareyourwisdomwithourreadersandtelluswhereyouseetheenvironmentalcrisisheading?麥肯立博士：德塞博士,很榮幸有這個難得的機會采訪您。能否請您與我們的讀者交流一下您的高見,告訴我們環(huán)境危機會朝什么方向發(fā)展呢？..AmritDesai:Wearenotseparatefromtheproblem.Wearetheproblem.Welivedividedlives.Ononehand,weaskindustriestosupportourgreedformoreandmoreconveniences,comfortandpossessions.Wehavebecomeaddictedconsumers,whichcausesindustrialwaste.Atthesametime,weignoreourconnectionbetweenourdemandsandtheexploitationofMotherEarth.Whenwearegreedyformorethanwhatweneedforourwellbeing,wealwaysabusetheresourcesofourbodyandtheearth.阿姆力特·德塞：我們不是與環(huán)境問題無關的。我們本身就是問題的起因。我們過著雙重標準的生活。一方面,我們貪婪地要求工業(yè)提供更多便利、舒適和財富。我們沉溺于消費,造成工業(yè)浪費。另一方面,我們卻忽視了這種需求和地球母體的承受的能力；生活已是十分優(yōu)裕,我們卻依然貪得無厭地索取,濫用我們自身和地球的資源。..WearenurturedbythehealthyconditionofMotherEarth.Inhumans,ifthemotherisailing,thechildsuffers.Wearethecauseoftheailingplanetandwearethevictims.地球母親用她健康的環(huán)境撫育著我們。就人類而言,母親生病,孩子就會遭殃；我們既造成了地球的病態(tài),還得自吞惡果。..Dr.McKinley:Inclosing,Ithankalloftheparticipants.IhavelearnedagreatdealaboutwhatIcandoasanindividualtohelptheenvironment.麥肯立博士：在本次訪談結束之際,我要謝謝各位嘉賓的參與。聆聽了我們作為一個個體成員應該怎樣做才有益于周圍的環(huán)境,我感到受益匪淺。..IhopetheseinterviewsencouragethereadersofAwarenessMagazinetotakeactionanddevelopyourownstrategy.Toomanyofusjustsitbackandsay"I'lllettheexpertsdealwithit."Meanwhile,wearekillingtheplanet.Myaimofthisinterviewistoshowhowonepersoncanmakeadifference.Thankstoallforofferingyourwisdom.希望這次訪談會激勵《意識》雜志的讀者去采取行動,制定自己的戰(zhàn)略方針。多數(shù)人都習慣袖手旁觀,還說"讓專家們去處理這些問題吧！"。這種態(tài)度等于是在毀滅這個星球。本次訪談的目的正是想說明個人采取行動有多么重要。謝謝各位出謀劃策指點迷津。......Unit2:Passage

A:Einstein's

CompassUnit2愛因斯坦的指南針..YoungAlbertwasaquietboy."Perhapstooquiet",thoughtHermannandPaulineEinstein.Hespokehardlyatalluntilage3.Theymighthavethoughthimslow,buttherewassomethingelseevident.Whenhedidspeak,he'dsaythemostunusualthings.Atage2,Paulinepromisedhimasurprise.Albertwasexcited,thinkingshewasbringinghimsomenewfascinatingtoy.ButwhenhismotherpresentedhimwithhisnewbabysisterMaja,allAlbertcoulddoisstarewithquestioningeyes.Finallyheresponded,"wherearethewheels?"小愛因斯坦是個安靜的孩子。愛因斯坦夫婦赫爾曼和波琳認為他"或許太安靜了"。愛因斯坦到三歲時才開始說話。父母差點就誤認為他是反應遲鈍,但有一個明顯的事實打消了他們的疑慮,因為他真的開口說話時,說出的話便異乎尋常。兩歲時,母親波琳許諾給他一個驚喜。小愛因斯坦非常高興,以為媽媽會帶給他一件有趣的新玩具。但當媽媽把剛出生的妹妹瑪嘉抱到他面前時,小愛因斯坦只是以疑慮的眼光盯著她,最后說道,"車輪在哪兒？"..WhenAlbertwas5yearsoldandsickinbed,HermannEinsteinbroughtAlbertadevicethatdidstirhisintellect.Itwasthefirsttimehehadseenacompass.Helaythereshakingandtwistingtheoddthing,certainhecouldfoolitintopointingoffinanewdirection.Buttryashemight,thecompassneedlewouldalwaysfinditswaybacktopointinginthedirectionofnorth."Awonder,"hethought.TheinvisibleforcethatguidedthecompassneedlewasevidencetoAlbertthattherewasmoretoourworldthatmeetstheeye.Therewas"somethingbehindthings,somethingdeeplyhidden."愛因斯坦五歲的時候有一次臥病在床,父親赫爾曼送給他一個新玩意。正是這個小玩意啟動了他的智力。那是小愛因斯坦第一次見到指南針。他躺在床上搖晃擺弄著這個稀奇的東西,認為自己能將指針糊弄到指向另一個方向。但是無論他怎樣擺弄,指針卻總是會回到原來指北的位置。"真奇妙",他想。引導指南針的無形力量使愛因斯坦認識到,我們肉眼看到的只是世界的一部分,事物背后還有"某種東西,某種深藏著的東西。"..SobeganAlbertEinstein'sjourneydownaroadofexplorationthathewouldfollowtherestofhislife."Ihavenospecialgift,"hewouldsay,"Iamonlypassionatelycurious."愛因斯坦就這樣踏上了他窮其一生的探索之路。"我沒有特殊的天份,"他常常說,"我只是有強烈的好奇心。"..AlbertEinsteinwasmorethanjustcuriousthough.Hehadthepatienceanddeterminationthatkepthimatthingslongerthanmostothers.Otherchildrenwouldbuildhousesofcardupto4storiestallbeforethecardswouldlosebalanceandthewholestructurewouldcomefallingdown.愛因斯坦不僅僅只是有好奇心。他的耐心和毅力使他做起事情來能比大多數(shù)人都更能持久。其他孩子用紙牌搭樓房,搭到四層高時房子就會搖搖晃晃地坍塌下來。..MajawatchedinwonderasherbrotherAlbertmethodicallybuilthiscardbuildingsto14stories.Laterhewouldsay,"It'snotthatI'msosmart,it'sjustthatIstaywithproblemslonger."而瑪嘉卻驚奇地看著她哥哥愛因斯坦能有條不紊地搭起14層紙牌高樓。后來愛因斯坦說道,"這不是因為我有多聰明,而是因為我能堅持得更久。"..OneadvantageAlbertEinstein'sdevelopingmindenjoyedwastheopportunitytocommunicatewithadultsinanintellectualway.阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦的思維發(fā)展得益于他有機會與成人進行智力交流。..Hisuncle,anengineer,wouldcometothehouse,andAlbertwouldjoininthediscussions.Histhinkingwasalsostimulatedbyamedicalstudentwhocameoveronceaweekfordinnerandlivelychats.他的叔叔是工程師,經(jīng)常到愛因斯坦家里來,于是愛因斯坦就有機會參與他們的討論。愛因斯坦的思想還受到一位醫(yī)科學生的啟迪。此人每星期都來愛因斯坦家一次,與愛因斯坦一家共進晚餐,一起談天說地。..Atage12,AlbertEinsteincameuponasetofideasthatimpressedhimas"holy."ItwasalittlebookonEuclideanplanegeometry.Theconceptthatonecouldprovetheoremsofanglesandlinesthatwereinnowayobviousmadean"indescribableimpression"ontheyoungstudent.Headoptedmathematicsasthetoolhewouldusetopursuehiscuriosityandprovewhathewoulddiscoveraboutthebehavioroftheuniverse.愛因斯坦12歲的時候發(fā)現(xiàn)了一系列他認為是"神圣"的觀念。那是一本有關歐幾里德平面幾何的小冊子。原來人可以證明那些不易明顯看出的角度和線段的定理。這個想法給年青學生愛因斯坦留下了"難以磨滅的印象"。他把數(shù)學當作滿足自己好奇心并用以證明他后來發(fā)現(xiàn)宇宙運行規(guī)律的手段。..Hewasconvincedthatbeautyliesinthesimplistic.Perhapsthisinsightwastherealpowerofhisgenius.AlbertEinsteinlookedforthebeautyofsimplicityintheapparentlycomplexnatureandsawtruthsthatescapedothers.Whiletheexpressionofhismathematicsmightbeaccessibletoonlyafewsharpmindsinthescience,Albertcouldcondensetheessenceofhisthoughtssoanyonecouldunderstand.他堅信美麗寓于簡樸?；蛟S這個悟性才是激發(fā)他天分的真正動因。阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦在表象復雜的大自然中尋求簡樸的美,并發(fā)現(xiàn)別人看不到的真理。愛因斯坦用數(shù)學公式表達的思想也許只有少數(shù)才思敏捷的科學家才能理解,但他卻能簡潔地闡明自己思想之精隨,使人人都能夠理解。..Forinstance,histheoriesofrelativityrevolutionizedscienceandunseatedthelawsofNewtonthatwerebelievedtobeacompletedescriptionofnatureforhundredsofyears.Yetwhenpressedforanexamplethatpeoplecouldrelateto,hecameupwiththis:"Putyourhandonahotstoveforaminuteanditseemslikeanhour.Sitwithaprettygirlforanhouranditseemslikeaminute.THAT'srelativity."比如說,他的相對論推翻了數(shù)百年來一直被認為是完整地描述了自然界一切規(guī)律的牛頓定律,給科學界帶來了一場徹底的變革。但是當有人敦促他舉例說明,以便讓大眾能理解相對論時,他說："把手放在燙人的爐上時,一分鐘就像是一個小時。坐在漂亮姑娘的身邊,一個小時就像是一分鐘。這就是相對論。"..AlbertEinstein'swealthofnewideaspeakedwhilehewasstillayoungmanof26.In1905hewrote3fundamentalpapersonthenatureoflight,aproofofatoms,thespecialtheoryofrelativityandthefamousequationofatomicpower:E=mc2.阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦的創(chuàng)新思維在年僅26歲時就達到了高峰。1905年他寫了三篇重要的論文,分別是關于光的本質〔證明原子存在、相對論以及著名的原子能等式：E=mc2。..Forthenext20years,thecuriositythatwassparkedbywantingtoknowwhatcontrolledthecompassneedleandhispersistencetokeeppushingforthesimpleanswersledhimtoconnectspaceandtimeandfindanewstateofmatter.在隨后的20年里,正是由于想知道是什么力量控制了指南針的指向所激發(fā)的這份好奇心以及堅持追求簡單答案的毅力,引導他將空間與時間聯(lián)系起來思考問題,由此發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種嶄新的物質狀態(tài)。....Whatwashisultimatequest?他追尋的最終目標是什么呢？.."IwanttoknowhowGodcreatedthisworld....IwanttoknowHisthoughts;therestaredetails.""我想知道上帝是怎樣創(chuàng)造世界的……我想知道他的思路；其余的就都是細枝末節(jié)了。"..........Unit3:Passage

A:Bathtub

Battleships

from

IvorydaleUnit3

艾弗里代爾開來的浴缸戰(zhàn)艦..Americanmothershavelongbelievedthatwhenitcomestowashingoutthemouthsofnaughtychildren,nothingbeatsIvorySoap<aregisteredtrademarkoftheProctor&GambleCompany>.Thisisbecauseitsreputationforbeingsafe,mild,andpureisassolidandspotlessasthemarbleoftheLincolnMemorial.Itdoesn'teventasteallthatbad.Andshouldyoudropitintoatubfulofcloudy,child-coloredwater,nottoworry-itfloats.美國的媽媽們一直深信,如果要把那些小調皮鬼的嘴巴洗干凈的話,沒有什么能賽過象牙香皂〔寶潔公司的一個注冊商標。這是因為這個牌子的香皂以其安全、柔和而純正的品質而聞名遐邇,就像林肯紀念堂的XX石一樣堅實無瑕。它的口感相當不錯呢。而且,如果不慎將香皂落入澡盆,里面盛滿了孩子們洗過澡的渾水,你也不用擔心找不到——它會自動浮上水面。..IvorySoapisanAmericaninstitution,aboutaswidelyrecognizedastheWashingtonMonumentandfarmorewellrespectedthanCongress.IthadalreadyattainedthisnoblestatuswhenTheodoreRooseveltwasstillarough-ridingcowboyinNorthDakota.Introducedin1879asaninexpensivewhitesoapintendedtorivalthequalityofimportedsoaps,itwasmassmarketedbymeansofoneofthefirstnationwideadvertisingcampaigns.PeopleweretoldthatIvorywas"sopurethatitfloats,"andthenotiontookhold.Asaresult,atleasthalfadozengenerationsofAmericanshavegottenthemselvescleanwithIvory.象牙香皂是一種美國文化現(xiàn)象。它就像華盛頓紀念碑一樣得到廣泛認可,并且遠比國會受人尊崇。當西奧多·羅斯福還在北達科他州當馴馬牛仔的時候,象牙香皂就已經(jīng)擁有目前這種崇高的地位了。1879年,為抗衡進口香皂,象牙香皂被作為廉價白皂投放市場。為進行大規(guī)模銷售,寶潔公司發(fā)起了最早一次全國規(guī)模的廣告宣傳活動,說象牙香皂"純得可以飄浮起來",并且使這種觀念深入人心。其結果是：至少有許多代的美國人都用象牙香皂洗浴凈身。..Somanyhands,faces,andbabybottomshavebeenwashedwithIvorythattheirnumbersbeattheimagination.NotevenProctor&GambleknowshowmanybillionsofbarsofIvoryhavebeensold.Thecompanykeepsaprecisecount,however,ofthebillionsofdollarsitearns.AnnualsalesofIvorySoap,IvorySnow,Cresttoothpaste,Folger'scoffee,andthehundredsofotherproductsnowmarketedundertheProctor&Gambleumbrellaexceedthirtybilliondollars.使用象牙香皂來洗手、洗臉以及給小孩子洗屁股的人不計其數(shù)。就連寶潔公司也弄不清楚到底賣出了多少塊象牙香皂,但它卻準確記載了象牙香皂賺來了多少億美元。每年,象牙香皂,象牙雪花膏,佳潔士牙膏,佛吉斯咖啡以及其他數(shù)百種寶潔公司旗下的產(chǎn)品的銷售額超過了三百億美元。..Thecompanyhasgrownabitsinceitwasfoundedin1837inCincinnati,Ohio,byapairofimmigrantsnamedWilliamProctorandJamesGamble,eachofwhompledged$3,596.47totheenterprise.FordecadesProctor&Gamblemanufacturedcandlesandsoapinrelativelymodestquantities.1837年,兩個外國移民--威廉·普羅克特和詹姆士·蓋博爾--各投資3596.47美元在俄亥俄州的辛辛那提市成立了寶潔公司并發(fā)展至今。在創(chuàng)建后的幾十年里,寶潔公司規(guī)模較小,主要生產(chǎn)蠟燭和香皂。..Ittookmorethantwentyyearsforsalestotoponemilliondollars,whichtheydidshortlybeforetheCivilWar.Thecompany'sbigbreakcamewiththeintroductionofitsfloatingsoapandtherealizationthatanelaborateadvertisingcampaigncouldturnasimple,thoughhigh-quality,productintoaphenomenon.Thesoap'sbrandnamewasliftedfrom"outofivorypalaces,"aphrasefoundintheBible.SosuccessfulwasthisnewproductandthemarketingeffortthatplaceditinthehandsofnearlyeveryAmericanthatthecompanysoonbuiltanenormousnewfactoryinaplacecalledIvorydale.直到二十多年后〔即美國內戰(zhàn)即將爆發(fā)之前,公司的銷售額才突破100萬美元。隨著漂浮香皂的推出,以及意識到一系列精心策劃的廣告活動可以讓一種簡單的優(yōu)質產(chǎn)品成為一種時尚,寶潔公司才有了巨大的發(fā)展。這種漂浮香皂的商標源于圣經(jīng)中的"出自象牙宮殿"一語。這種新產(chǎn)品和它的營銷手段極其成功,以至幾乎所有的美國人都在使用它。這樣,寶潔公司很快就在一個名叫艾弗里代爾的地方修建了一座新的大型工廠。..Proctor&GambleneverforgottheadvertisinglessonsitlearnedwithIvory.Forinstance,itwasamongthefirstmanufacturerstouseradiotoreachconsumersnationwide.In1933Proctor&Gamble'sOxydolsoappowdersponsoredaradioserialcalledMaPerkins,anddaytimedramaswereforeverafterknownas"soapoperas."OvertheyearsthecompanyaddeddozensofnewproductlinessuchasPrellshampoo,DuncanHinescakemixes,andtheever-presentTide,"newandimproved"manyatime.Tothisday,however,IvorySoapremainsaProctor&Gamblebackboneproduct.寶潔公司將廣告在營銷象牙香皂的過程中所起到的巨大作用銘記在心。比如說,寶潔公司成為第一批通過廣播向全國消費者推銷的商家之一。1933年,寶潔公司為推銷奧塞度肥皂粉,贊助了一部廣播連續(xù)劇《瑪·泊婷斯》。從此,這類白天播出的連續(xù)劇就被稱為"肥皂劇"。多年以來,寶潔公司推出了幾十種新產(chǎn)品系列,如綠寶洗發(fā)水、鄧肯漢司蛋糕現(xiàn)料以及不斷推陳出新的汰漬洗衣粉。然而,直至今日,象牙香皂仍是寶潔公司的拳頭產(chǎn)品。..Ivoryremainsafavoriteamongconsumers,too,andnowonder.WithabarofIvorySoapinyourhand,youareholdingachunkofAmericanhistory.Ifyoulike,youcanevenwashyourhandsandfacewithitandbeassuredthatitis"ninety-nineandforty-four-one-hundredthspercentpure."Anditfloats.象牙香皂一直理所當然地成為最受消費者歡迎的產(chǎn)品。手握一塊象牙香皂,也就把握住了一段美國歷史。如果你愿意,你甚至可以用象牙香皂來洗臉或洗手,這樣你就可以相信它的"純度高達99.44%",而且它還可以浮在水面。..ThelatterqualityofIvorySoapisespeciallyattractivetochildren.Generationsoflittleboysarmedwithtoothpicks,miniatureflags,orleftoverpartsfrommodelships-therearealwaysafew-haveconvertedbarsofIvorySoapintobathtubbattleships.Anoteofwarningforanysmallboyswhomaybereadingthis:Motherstendtofrownonthepractice.象牙香皂在水中漂浮的這種品質對孩子們尤具吸引力。一代接一代的小男孩們總愛用牙簽、小旗或玩具模型船的舊零件〔總會找到幾個把象牙香皂改裝成浴缸里的戰(zhàn)艦。說到這里,我要給男孩子們提個醒：媽媽可不喜歡你這樣做啊。....Unit4:Not

Now,

Dr.

MiracleUnit4

且慢,神奇醫(yī)生..SeverinoAntinoriisarichItaliandoctorwithastringofprivatefertilityclinicstohisname.HelikeswatchingfootballandclaimstheCatholicfaith.YettheVaticanisnofanofhisscience.塞韋里諾·安蒂諾里是一個富有的意大利醫(yī)生,在他名下有一連串治療不育癥的私人診所。他喜歡觀看足球比賽,自稱為天主教的忠實信徒,然而梵蒂岡對他的研究卻不感興趣。..Inhisclinics,AntinorialreadyofferseveryIVFtreatmentunderthesun,butstilltherearecoupleshecannothelp.SonowthemanItalianscallDrMiracleisofferingtoclonehispatientstocreatethebabiestheysodesperatelywant.在他的診所里,安蒂諾里已能給患者提供天下所有的試管受精治療,但對某些夫婦,他仍然無能為力。因此,這個被意大利人稱作神奇醫(yī)生的人現(xiàn)在打算克隆患者本人來幫助他們得到迫切想要的孩子。..Andofcourseit'screatedquiteastir,withotherscientistsroundingonAntinoriasreligiousleaderslineuptoattackhiscloningplanasaninsulttohumandignity.Yetit'sanambitionAntinorihasexpressedmanytimesbefore.What'snewisthatfinallyitseemstobebuildingaheadofsteam.Like-mindedscientistsfromtheUShavejoinedAntinoriinhiscloningadventure.AtaconferenceinRomelastweektheyclaimedhundredsofcoupleshavealreadyvolunteeredfortheexperiments.當然這就引起了軒然大波,宗教領袖群起而攻之,認為這是對人類尊嚴的玷污,同時其他科學家也出來抨擊他的克隆計劃。盡管在此之前安蒂諾里已多次提到過他的遠大志向,但這次不同的是他好像是要動真格的了。與安蒂諾里志趣相投的美國科學家加入了他的克隆冒險試驗。上周在羅馬舉行的一次新聞發(fā)布會上,他們宣布已有上百對夫婦自愿成為實驗對象。..Antinorishottofamesevenyearsagohelpinggrandmothersgivebirthusingdonoreggs.Laterhepioneeredtheuseofmicetonurturethespermofmenwithpoorfertility.Heisclearlynoordinaryscientistbutashowmanwhothrivesoncontroversyandpushingreproductivebiologytothelimits.Andthatofcourseisonereasonwhyhe'sseenasbeingsodangerous.七年前,安蒂諾里由于使用捐贈的卵子幫助高齡婦女成功生育,頓時名聲大噪。隨后,他率先使用老鼠為生殖力低下的男子培育精子。很顯然,他不是一位普通的科學家,而是一個愛出風頭的人。他靠論爭而成名,并將生殖學推到了極限。為此他便理所當然地被視為危險人物。..However,hisideaofusingcloningtocombatinfertilityisnotasmadasitsounds.Manypeoplehaveahardjobseeingthepointofreproductivecloning.Butforsomecouples,cloningrepresentstheonlyhopeofhavingachildcarryingtheirgenes,andscientistslikeAntinoriareprobablyrighttosaythatmuchofouroppositiontocloningasafertilitytreatmentisirrational.Infuturewemaywanttochangeourmindsandallowitinspecialcircumstances.然而,他利用克隆技術來戰(zhàn)勝不育癥的想法并不是想象的那樣不可理喻。很多人還難以理解利用克隆進行生育的意義,但對某些夫婦而言,他們想要一個攜帶自己基因的孩子,克隆技術是他們唯一的希望。就這點而言,與安迪諾瑞觀點一致的科學家或許是正確的,他們指出我們沒有充分的理由來反對作為醫(yī)療手段的克隆生育技術。將來我們也許會改變觀點并允許在特殊的情況下使用克隆技術。..Butonlywhenthescienceisready.Andthat'stherealproblem.FiveyearsonfromDolly,thescienceofcloningisstillstuckinthedarkages.但前提條件是要等到科學發(fā)展成熟之后,而這才是問題的實質?？寺⊙蚨嗬錾迥炅?克隆技術卻一直見不到曙光。Thefailurerateisashocking97percentanddeformedbabiesalltoocommon.Evenwhencloningworks,nobodyunderstandswhy.Soforgetthecomplexmoralarguments.Tobegincloningpeoplenow,beforeeventhemostbasicquestionshavebeenanswered,issimplyawasteoftimeandenergy.克隆的失敗率令人震驚,高達97%,畸形嬰兒屢見不鮮。即使克隆成功了,也無人能理解其究竟。所以我們先別去爭論復雜的倫理道德。在最基本問題得到澄清之前就開展人體克隆,簡直就是浪費時間和精力。..ThisisnottosaythatAntinoriwillfail,onlythatifhesucceedsitislikelytobeatanunacceptablyhighprice.Hundredsofeggsandembryoswillbewastedandlotsofwomenwillgothroughdifficultpregnanciesresultinginmiscarriagesorabortions.Afewyearsfromnowtechniqueswillhaveimprovedandthewastefullosswon'tbeasexcessive.Butrightnowthereseemstobelittleanyonecandotokeeptheclonersatbay.這并不是說安蒂諾里定會失敗,問題僅僅在于即使他成功了,代價也許會高得讓人難以接受。將會浪費大量的卵子和胚胎,很多婦女將經(jīng)歷懷孕的艱難過程,而結果卻是流產(chǎn)或墮胎。從現(xiàn)在算起幾年以后,技術將會有長足的進步,無謂的損失就會極大地降低。然而,在現(xiàn)階段要想阻止生育克隆,似乎任何人對此都幾乎無能為力。..Andit'snotjustAntinoriandhisteamwhoareeagertogo.AreligiousgroupcalledtheRaeliansbelievescloningisthekeytoachievingimmortality,andit,too,claimstohavethenecessaryeggdonorsandvolunteerswillingtobeimplantedwithclonedembryos.這不僅僅是安蒂諾里和他的團隊熱衷于這項研究,還有一個叫做雷利安的宗教組織相信克隆是實現(xiàn)永生的關鍵,并聲稱已經(jīng)擁有了必要的卵子捐贈者和自愿接受移植胚胎的人。..Sowhatabouttougherlaws?Implantingclonedhumanembryosisalreadyillegalinmanycountriesbutitwillneverbeprohibitedeverywhere.Inanycase,theprohibitionofcloningismorelikelytodriveitundergroundthanstampitout.Secrecyisalreadyaproblem.Antinoriandhisteamarerefusingtonamethecountrythey'llbeusingastheirbase.Likeitornot,theresearchisgoingahead.Soonerorlaterwearegoingtohavetodecidewhetherregulationissaferthanprohibition.那么,制定更加嚴厲的法律又將如何呢？雖然目前在很多國家移植克隆的人類胚胎是非法的,但是絕不是所有的地方都會禁止。禁止克隆很有可能會使其轉入地下,而不是將其根除。因為秘密研究會引起問題,安蒂諾里和他的團隊拒絕透露他們將把哪個國家作為研究基地。不管人們喜歡與否,克隆研究仍將進行下去。遲早我們將要做出抉擇：對克隆研究進行規(guī)范是否比強行禁止更為有利。..Antinoriwouldgoforregulation,ofcourse.Hebelievesitisonlyamatteroftimebeforeweloseourhang-upsaboutreproductivecloningandacceptitasjustanotherIVFtechnique.Oncethefirstbabyisbornanditcries,hesaidlastweek,theworldwillembraceit.當然安蒂諾里會主張對克隆進行規(guī)范。他相信人們定會擺脫由克隆生育帶來的情感沖突,將其作為另一種試管受精技術,這只是時間上的問題。上周他說道,一旦第一個克隆嬰兒呱呱墜地,全世界一定會歡迎他的到來。..Buttheworldwillneverembracethefirstclonedbabyifitisunhealthyordeformedorthesolesurvivorofhundredsofpregnancies.Injumpingthegun,DrMiracleandhiscolleaguesaretakingonehellofarisk.但是,如果第一個克隆嬰兒不健康、畸形,或者只是千百個克隆胎兒中的唯一幸存者,世界絕不會接受他。過早搶先開始克隆實驗,神奇醫(yī)生和他的同事們的確面臨著極大的風險。..Iftheirinstinctsarewrong,thebacklashagainstcloning-andindeedscienceasawhole-couldbecatastrophic.如果他們的直覺出錯,對克隆技術乃至對整個科學事業(yè)的沖擊將是災難性的。......Unit5:Passage

A:Tongue-tiedUnit5

無言以對..SeveralweeksagoIwasridinginacabwhenthedriver'seyescaughtmineintherearviewmirrorandhesaid,"Excuseme,Miss?Canyouhelpme?"幾周前我乘坐出租車,司機通過后視鏡看著我說："對不起,小姐,能幫個忙嗎？"..Asanyhard-bittencitydwellerknows,thecorrectanswertoaquestionlike"Canyouhelpme?"shouldalwaysbesomeversionof"Itdepends."Ichirped,"Sure."精明老練的城里人都知道,對諸如"能幫個忙嗎？"這樣的問題,回答永遠應該是"那要看是什么忙了。"而我卻高聲地說："當然可以。".."Thankyou,"hesaid.Hepassedaslipofyellowpaperintothebackseat."謝謝！"他說,并向后排座遞過來一張黃紙條。..Istaredatthepaper,wondering.Wasthisajoke?Athreat?Hand-printedonthepaperintinyblockletterswasthis:proverb、peculiar、idiomatic我盯著紙條,疑心頓起：難道他在開玩笑？抑或是威脅？紙條上是手寫的工工整整幾個小字：proverb,peculiar,idiomatic。.."Please,"hesaid."Whatisthemeaningofthesewords?""請問,這幾個字是什么意思？"..Istaredatthewordsinthedistressedwayyoumightstareatpartyguestswhosefacesyou'veseensomewherebeforebutwhosenameshaveescapedyourmind.Proverb?Peculiar?Idiomatic?HowonearthshouldIknow?It'sonethingtouseaword,it'sanothertoexplainit.Iresortedtoshiftingthetopic.我沮喪地看著紙條上的字,就好像在晚會上你盯著幾個以前曾經(jīng)見過的面孔,卻怎么也想不起他們的名字。Proverb？Peculiar？Idiomatic？我怎么會知道？會用一個詞是一回事兒,會解釋可是另外一回事兒。于是我故意轉移話題。.."Wheredidyougetthesewords?""這些字是哪兒來的？"..ThedriverexplainedthathewasPakistani.Helistenedtotheradioashedroveandoftenjotteddownunfamiliar,fascinatingwordswhosemeaningsandspellingshethensoughtfromhispassengers.司機解釋說他是巴基斯坦人,開車時喜歡聽收音機,經(jīng)常把不熟悉的、精彩的詞隨手記下來,然后向乘客詢問他們的意思和拼法。.."Peculiar,"hesaid."Whatdoesthismean?""Peculiar,這個詞什么意思？"他問。..Icouldmanagethatone."Strange,"Isaid."Odd.Oftenwithahintofsomethingsuspicious."這個我知道。"指奇特、古怪,經(jīng)常帶點兒懷疑的意味,"我說。.."Thankyou,Miss.Andidiomatic?""謝謝您,小姐。那么,idiomatic呢？"..Iclearedmythroat."Um,it'sa,well,um.Itinvolvesapeculiaruseofthelanguage."我清清嗓子,說："嗯,它是指,嗯,它是語言的一種獨特運用。"..Ithoughtmyuseofpeculiarwaskindofclever.Helookedconfused,areminderthatclever'snotcleverifitdoesn'tcommunicate.我自以為"獨特"一詞用得很妙,他卻一臉的迷惑。這是在提示我,如果對方?jīng)]有明白,這詞兒就不能算用得妙。.."Uh,let'ssee.'Idiomatic'isrelatedtotheword'idiom'.Anidiom'ssomethingthat'susedin,say,aparticularpartofthecountryorbyaparticulargroupofpeople.Peoplewhoaren'tpartofthatgrouparen'tlikelytouseitandmightnotunderstandit.""啊,這么說吧,idiomatic和idiom有關,而idiom是指一個國家的某一特定地區(qū)或一個民族的某一特定人群使用的詞,該地區(qū)以外的人,不屬于這個群體的人一般不用或不明白它的用法。"..Watchinghispuzzledlook,Ididwhatapersonoftendoeswhenatalossfortherightwords:Iwentontalking,asifathousandvaguewordswouldadduptooneaccuratedefinition.看著他迷惑不解的樣子,我不知用什么恰當?shù)脑~才好,只好繼續(xù)解釋下去,似乎一千個模糊的詞加起來可以等于一個準確的定義。.."Canyougivemeanexample?""你能舉個例子嗎？"..Irackedmybrains."Gapersblock,"Isaid.ApeculiarlyChicagophrase.我絞盡腦汁地想："圍觀塞車,"這是個獨特的芝加哥慣用語。..Butdiditreallyqualifyasidiomatic?IhadnoideabecausethelongerIthoughtaboutidiomsthelesssureIwaswhattheywere.可這算得上名副其實的慣用語嗎？我不得而知。我越想慣用語,就越?jīng)]有把握說清楚慣用語到底是什么？.."Andproverb?""那么proverb呢？"

IshouldhavetoldthepoormanrightthenthatImightbemisleadinghimdowntheproverbialpath,whateverthatreallymeans,butinsteadIsaid,"Ithinkaproverbiskindoflikeanaphorism.Butnotquite."我本該當時就告訴這個可憐的人,我的解釋也許會誤導他對諺語真正含義的理解,但我卻說："我覺得諺語就是一種警語,但又不完全是。".."Awhat?""一種什么？".."Nevermind.Aproverbisacondensedsayingthatteachesyoualesson.""算了,別管它,諺語是給人們以警示的短小精悍的句子。".."Anexample?""比如說……"..Themeterclickedoffafull20centswhileIsearchedmadlythroughmymind."Hastemakeswaste?"Ifinallywhimpered.當我在腦海里拼命地搜索時,記價器上的數(shù)字又跳了20美分。最后我低聲說："欲速則不達？"..Butwasthataproverb?Wait.Weren'tproverbsactuallystories,notjustphrases?WhileIwasconvincingmyselftheywere,hesaid,"Cananidiombeaproverb?"但它算是諺語嗎？且慢,諺語是否應該是些小故事而并非短語呢？我還在掂量諺語可能就是小故事時,他又問："那慣用語是諺語嗎？"..Icouldanswerthat.Justnotrightnow,nowwhenitmattered,nowwhenthefateofacurious,intelligentimmigranthungontheanswersheassumedwouldfallfromanativespeaker'stongueasnaturallyasleavesfromanOctobertree.SoIretreated.這我可以回答,但不是在此時。因為此時這一回答至關重要,一個好奇聰明的外國移民以為他所期待的答案會從一個本國人的口中自然而然地脫口而出,就好像十月的樹葉會自然地落下來一樣。因此我退卻了。.."Domostofyourpassengersgiveyouanswerswhenyouaskfordefinitions?""你請乘客給你解釋詞意的時候,他們大多都會給你答案嗎？".."Oh,yes,Miss.Veryinterestingdefinitions.""會的,小姐,很有意思的解釋。..Untilthatmoment,I'dbeensoinspiredbythedriver'sdeterminationtolearnEnglish,soenthralledbythechancetoindulgemycuriosityaboutwordswithanothercurioussoul,thatIdidn'tfullygraspthepotentialforlinguisticfraudcommittedinthisman'scab.NowIcouldbarelyallowmyselftoimaginewhatkindofdeformedEnglishhewasbeingfedbycowardslikemewhocouldn'tsimplysay,"Idon'treallyknowmyownlanguage."直到那時,我一直在為這位司機學習英語的執(zhí)著而感動,陶醉于能有機會與一個充滿好奇心的人一起來滿足自己對語言詞語的好奇心,卻未能充分意識到在這輛出租車上可能犯下的語言欺詐錯誤。我?guī)缀醪桓蚁胂筮@位司機聽到的是什么樣的蹩腳英語,因為像我這樣的懦夫不敢坦白地承認："我對自己的母語并不懂。"..Icanonlytrustthatsomeoneascuriousasheisalsoownsadictionary.Andthathefiguresoutthat,nomatterwhathispassengersmaysay,hastedoesn'talwaysmakewasteatthegapersblock.我只能希望像他這樣好奇的人會有一本字典,希望他能明白,不論乘客如何解釋,發(fā)生圍觀塞車時,欲速則未必不達。....Unit6:The

Woman

Taxi

Driver

In

CairoUnit6

開羅的女出租車司機..HernameisNagat.她叫娜格特。..IfirstsawheroutsideCairo'sairportterminal.Awomantaxidriver-theonlywoman,forthatmatter,amongalargecrowdofhermalecounterparts.我第一次見到她是在開羅機