2022年考研考博-考博英語-安徽大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號21

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-安徽大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

If（）toheavypressure,castironwillcrack.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.subjecting

B.beingsubjected

C.subjected

D.havingsubjected

【答案】C

【解析】考查條件句的主語省略。當(dāng)條件句的主語與主句的主語一致時，可省略主語。主句里面的主語是castiron“鑄鐵”，條件句省略了主語castiron，壓力是由鑄鐵來承受的，因此應(yīng)該使用subject的過去分詞。句意：如果承受重大壓力，鑄鐵也會斷裂。完整版本應(yīng)是Ifit’ssubjectedtoheavypressure,castironwillcrack.因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.單選題

MariaChapmanwrotemany（）condemningslaveryatthattime.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prescriptions

B.directories

C.booklets

D.prototypes

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)prescriptions“處方；藥方”；B選項(xiàng)directories“目錄；名錄”；C選項(xiàng)booklets“小冊子”；D選項(xiàng)prototypes“原型；雛形”。句意：瑪麗亞?查普曼寫了許多……，譴責(zé)當(dāng)時的奴隸制度。根據(jù)動詞wrote“寫”，可知空格內(nèi)應(yīng)填入與文章類有關(guān)的單詞，因此可以排除A，B，D選項(xiàng)。后面的condemningslaveryatthattime“譴責(zé)當(dāng)時的奴隸制度”做后置定語，可譯為寫了很多譴責(zé)當(dāng)時的奴隸制度的小冊子。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.單選題

PeoplewillinsistthatwatchingTV（）children’simaginations.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.blunders

B.blunts

C.blushes

D.blends

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)blunders“犯大錯；誤入某地”；B選項(xiàng)blunts“減弱；使遲鈍”；C選項(xiàng)blushes“臉紅；感到羞愧”；D選項(xiàng)blends“使混合；使交融”。句意：人們會堅持說看電視……了兒童的想象力。前因是watchingTV“看電視”；后果是阻礙了children’simaginations“兒童的想象力”。在所有選項(xiàng)中只有blunt有減弱，使遲鈍的意思。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.單選題

Onlyafterhehasacquiredconsiderablefacilityinspeaking（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thenhelearnsreadingandwriting

B.doeshelearntoreadandwrite

C.finallycomesreadingandwriting

D.hebegantoreadandtowrite

【答案】B

【解析】考查部分倒裝。Only+副詞/介詞短語/狀語從句位于句首時，主句要用部分倒裝。即需要將be動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞放在主語前，句中的實(shí)義動詞位置不變。句意：他只有在獲得相當(dāng)多的說的能力之后，才學(xué)會讀和寫。AD選項(xiàng)都沒有使用倒裝，可以排除，C選項(xiàng)倒裝后句中缺少主語，故選B。

5.單選題

Theserviceoperates15librariesthroughoutthecountry,whilesix（）librariesspeciallyservethecountryside.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.mobile

B.drifting

C.shifting

D.rotating

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)mobile“可移動的，易變的”；B選項(xiàng)drifting“漂流的；飄動的”，一般是指由風(fēng)或者水飄動著；C選項(xiàng)shifting“不斷移動的，不斷變化的”，也可以變換形態(tài)；D選項(xiàng)rotating“旋轉(zhuǎn)的”。句意：這項(xiàng)服務(wù)管理全國15所圖書館，其中6所……圖書館專為農(nóng)村地區(qū)服務(wù)。這里的形容詞修飾的是后面的libraries圖書館。移動圖書館有專業(yè)術(shù)語為mobilelibrary，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.單選題

Oneofthequalitiesthatmostpeopleadmireinothersisthewillingnesstoadmitone’smistakes.Itisextremelyhardtosometimestosayasimplethinglike“Iwaswrongaboutthat,”anditisevenhardertosay“Iwaswrong,andyouwererightaboutthat.”

Ihadanexperiencerecentlywithsomeoneadmittingtomethathehadmadeamistakefifteenyearsago.HetoldmehehadbeenthemanagerofacertaingrocerystoreintheneighborhoodwhereIgrewup,andheaskedmeifIrememberedtheeggcartons.ThenherelatedanincidentandIbegantoremembervaguelytheincidenthewasdescribing.

Iwasabouteightyearsoldatthetime,andIhadgoneintothestorewithmymothertodotheweeklygroceryshopping.Onthatparticularday,Imusthavefoundmywaytothedairyfooddepartmentwheretheincidenttookplace.

Theremusthavebeenaspecialsaleoneggsthatdaybecausetherewasanimpressivedisplayofeggsindozenandhalf-dozencartons.Thecartonswerestackedthreeorfourfeethigh.Imusthavestoppedinfrontofadisplaytoadmirethestacks.Justthenawomancamebypushinghergrocerycartandknockedoffthestacksofcartons.Forsomereasons,Idecideditwasuptometoputthedisplaybacktogether,soIwenttowork.

Themanagerheardthenoise,andcamerushingovertoseewhathadhappened.Whenheappeared,Iwasonmykneesinspectingsomeofthecartonstoseeifanyoftheeggswerebroken,buttohimitlookedasthoughIwastheculprit(罪人).Heseverelyreprimandedmeandwantedmetopayforanybrokeneggs.Iprotestedmyinnocenceandtriedtoexplain,butitdidnogood.EventhoughIquicklyforgotallabouttheincident,apparentlythemanagerdidnot.

41.Howoldwastheauthorwhenhewrotethisarticle?

42.Whowastoblameforknockingoffthestacksofcartons?

43.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE?

44.Whichofthefollowingcanserveasthebesttitleofthepassage?

45.Thetoneofthearticleexpressestheauthor’s（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.About8yearsold

B.About18yearsold

C.About23yearsold

D.About15yearsold

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theauthor

B.Themanager

C.Awoman

D.Theauthor’smother

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thewomanwhoknockedoffthestacksofcartonswasseriouslycriticizedbythemanager.

B.Theauthorwasseverelycriticizedbythemanager.

C.Awomancarelesslyknockedoffthestacksofcartons.

D.Itwastheauthorwhoputthedisplaybacktogether.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.ItIsHardertoAdmitOne’sMistake

B.IWasOncetheCulprit

C.IRememberanIncident

D.ACaseofMistakenIdentity

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.angertothemanagerforhiswrongaccusation

B.admirationforthemanager’swillingnesstoadmitmistake

C.indignationagainstthewomanwhoknockedoffthestacksofcartons

D.regretforthemistakehemadeinthestore

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】41.推理判斷題。定位在第二段第一句Ihadanexperiencerecentlywithsomeoneadmittingtomethathehadmadeamistakefifteenyearsago.（我最近有一次經(jīng)歷，一個人向我承認(rèn)他在15年前犯了一個錯誤。）由本句開始作者開始談及15年前發(fā)生的一件事情。隨即我們看到第二段Iwasabouteightyearsoldatthetime.（我那時差不多8歲）作者的那段回憶發(fā)生在他8歲的時候，離現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)過了15年，由此可以推斷出作者現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該在23歲左右。故選C，同理可排除ABD選項(xiàng)。

42.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。定位在第四段Justthenawomancamebypushinghergrocerycartandknockedoffthestacksofcartons.（就在這時，一個順道經(jīng)過的女人，她的購物車撞倒了一堆紙箱）由此可知，紙箱盒是這個女人推倒的。A選項(xiàng)“作者”，B選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)理”，C選項(xiàng)“女人”，D選項(xiàng)“作者的媽媽”，故選C。

43.推理判斷題。定位在第五段Heseverelyreprimandedmeandwantedmetopayforanybrokeneggs.（他嚴(yán)厲地批評了我并且想讓我賠付每一個碎了的雞蛋。）因?yàn)樽髡卟攀悄莻€被嚴(yán)厲批評的人。所以A選項(xiàng)“那個打翻一疊紙箱的女人受到經(jīng)理的嚴(yán)厲批評”錯誤。B選項(xiàng)“作者受到了經(jīng)理的嚴(yán)厲批評”正確。C選項(xiàng)“一個女人不小心把一疊紙箱撞倒了”正確。原文中Justthenawomancamebypushinghergrocerycartandknockedoffthestacksofcartons.（就在這時，一個順道經(jīng)過的女人，她的購物車撞倒了一堆紙箱。）D選項(xiàng)“作者把它們擺放在了展柜上”根據(jù)原文Forsomereasons,Idecideditwasuptometoputthedisplaybacktogether,soIwenttowork.（出于某些原因，我決定由我將它們再擺放好，于是我開始了工作。）BCD選項(xiàng)全部正確，故選A。

44.主旨大意題。文章第一句Oneofthequalitiesthatmostpeopleadmireinothersisthewillingnesstoadmitone’smistakes.（令大多數(shù)人欽佩另一個人的一個品質(zhì)就是愿意承認(rèn)自己的錯誤。）本文開始講到了能夠積極地承認(rèn)錯誤是令人值得欽佩的品質(zhì)。接下來就主要講述了作者15年前因?yàn)橐粓稣`會而被批評的故事。A選項(xiàng)“很難承認(rèn)自己的錯誤”，只是一小部分的陳述，不夠全面。B選項(xiàng)“我曾是罪魁禍?zhǔn)住保云湃?。C選項(xiàng)“我記得那次的小插曲”定位在最后一句EventhoughIquicklyforgotallabouttheincident,apparentlythemanagerdidnot.（盡管我很快就把這件事忘得一干二凈，但經(jīng)理顯然沒有。）所以C不正確。D選項(xiàng)“一個被誤解的事例”，是對全文的一個總的概括，由這個事例具體展開，闡述愿意承認(rèn)錯誤的優(yōu)良品質(zhì)。故選D。

45.推理判斷題。文章的第一段第一句，作者就有指出Oneofthequalitiesthatmostpeopleadmireinothersisthewillingnesstoadmitone’smistakes.（令大多數(shù)人欽佩另一個人的一個品質(zhì)就是愿意承認(rèn)錯誤。）EventhoughIquicklyforgotallabouttheincident,apparentlythemanagerdidnot.（盡管我很快就把這件事忘得一干二凈，但經(jīng)理顯然沒有。）隔了15年，那位經(jīng)理再見到作者的時候還愿意承認(rèn)自己過去的錯誤，由此也能夠了解到作者對他的這種行為是欽佩的，B選項(xiàng)“贊賞經(jīng)理愿意承認(rèn)犯過的錯誤”正確。A選項(xiàng)“對經(jīng)理的錯誤指責(zé)感到憤怒”，C選項(xiàng)“對撞倒一堆紙箱的女人表示憤慨”，AC選項(xiàng)在文中并未體現(xiàn)，屬于主觀猜測。D選項(xiàng)“為他在店里犯下的錯誤而后悔”，由第一題可知，是經(jīng)理主動承認(rèn)錯誤，作者并沒有錯。故選B。

7.翻譯題

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET.

Thereallycriticalimplicationofthediscoverystilllieswiththedoorthatgeneticistshaveopenedontheenvironmentalinfluencesofourbehavior,ourpersonalitiesandourhealth,andforthecriticalblowitstrikestheideaofbiologicaldeterminism.

41.Forthepastdecade,thepublichaswitnessedarisingepidemicoftalesofdiscoveriesofgenesthatdisposehumanitytohomosexuality,toalcoholism,topoliticalpersuasion,torunningability,andtoartistictaste.

Butevenbeforeyesterday’srevelationsbyVenter,scientistshadstoppedbelievinginthegaygene.Yetbeliefinitsexistencestillpersistsamongthepublic.42.Theassaultonbiologicaldeterminismthatgeneticistshavenowtriggeredwillbetimely,andhumannatureisalotmorecomplexandintriguingthandeterministshavegivenitcreditfor.

IthasbecomeincreasinglyfashionableforindividualsparticularlyintheUnitedStatestoblameactionsandcrimesontheinfluenceoftheirgenes.SeveralUSdefendantsaccusedofviolentcrimeshavearguedthattheywereinnocentvictimsoftheirgenes.43.Inotherwords,geneticpredestinationcouldsoonhavebeenusedtoexcusemurderorrobbery—ifithadnotbeenforthisdiscoverythatwelackthegenestothusdisposeus!

KevinDaviesistheauthorof“TheSequence”,astoryofthehumangenomerace.Hesaid.44.“Therehasbeenarecentstudyonperfectpitch,theabilitytoknowtheabsolutepitchofamusicalnote,thatstronglysuggeststhatisacquiredthroughtheinheritanceofasinglegene.”“Thatmaysoundlikeaclear-cutpieceofbiologicaldeterminism.However,thereisacrucialcorollaryyouhavetobeexposedtoearlymusicaltrainingfortheabilitytomaterialize.Inotherwords,eveninseeminglysimpleinheritedabilities,nurturehasaroletoplay.”

AndthenthereisthecasequotedbyVenter.Taketheexampleofcolon(結(jié)腸)cancer.Peoplesaythereisagenethatpredisposesustothedisease.Andcertainlyitrunsinfamilies.45.However,itisonlythecolonwherewefindallsortsoftoxinsandbacteriathatprovidetheharshcircumstancesthatfinallycausethatgenetobreakdownandforcancertospread.

Inshort,itisnotacoloncancergenebutagenethataffectsourabilitytorespondtotheenvironment.Andthatiswhathumannatureisallabout.

【答案】41.近十年來，有關(guān)基因發(fā)現(xiàn)的傳聞漫天飛。這些發(fā)現(xiàn)稱，基因與人的同性戀傾向、酗酒、政治信仰和奔跑能力、藝術(shù)鑒賞力等都息息相關(guān)。

42.遺傳學(xué)家現(xiàn)在對生物決定論的攻擊是及時的，而且人類的本性遠(yuǎn)比決定論者想象的更加復(fù)雜和迷人。

43.換句話說，如果發(fā)現(xiàn)缺少基因的數(shù)量可以用來證明基因不能夠控制我們的行為，某些人便會利用基因決定論來洗刷他們謀殺和搶劫的罪名。

44.最近有一項(xiàng)關(guān)于音調(diào)辨別能力的研究，即判斷音符絕對音高的能力。該研究結(jié)果明顯表明完美音高是通過單純基因遺傳獲得的。

45.但只有在結(jié)腸部位，才能夠找到構(gòu)成病變環(huán)境的各種毒素和細(xì)菌，它們會導(dǎo)致該基因最終損壞，致使癌細(xì)胞擴(kuò)散。

8.翻譯題

Chinesecultureisdevelopedaroundcollectivismwhichstressescommunionandharmony.Westerncultureemphasizesindividualism.Intermsofeatingcustoms,chopsticksandknivesandforksaretwodisparateexpressionsofthisculturaldifference.TheChineseliketohavecommunalmealswhereeverybodyeatsoutofthesamebowloffood.Chopstickswereusedinordertodiscouragepeoplefromeatingmorethanothers.Thiswasnotonlyagoodwaytopreservecollectiveness,butalsotolimitindividualism.ItismorestraightforwardintheWest.Peopleeattheirmealsontheirownandthereisnorestrictiononhowtoeat.

【答案】中國文化推崇集體主義，崇尚共有，融合；西方文化崇尚個體。體現(xiàn)在吃飯的方式上就是筷子和刀叉的不同。中國人實(shí)行合餐制，用餐的人在一個盤中取食，用筷子可以限制個別人大量取食。如此一來，既保留了集體主義的形態(tài)，個人利益又不會受太大影響。西方人就簡單一些，每個人吃自己盤里的食物，吃法也沒有什么嚴(yán)格限制。

9.單選題

“JimmywantstostayupandwatchanoldmovieonTV.”“Teno’clockis（）foraboyofhisagetostayup.”

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.atoolatehour

B.toolateanhour

C.verymuchlateanhour

D.asolatehour

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。toolateforsb.todosth是固定搭配，表示“對某人來說做什么事太晚了”。句意：吉米想要熬夜看電視上的一部老電影。十點(diǎn)鐘對他這個年齡的孩子來說太晚了。其中anhour是Teno’clock的定語，不可將其分開，用來修飾10點(diǎn)鐘這個特定的時間段。同理可排除AD。C選項(xiàng)中的verymuch不能用來修飾late。選B。

10.單選題

I’dratheryou（）bytrain,becauseIcan’tbeartheideaofyourbeinginanairplaneinsuchbadweather.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.went

B.wouldgo

C.shouldgo

D.hadgone

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。wouldrather后接句子時，句子謂語習(xí)慣上要用虛擬語氣，常用一般過去時表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼脑竿?。句意：我寧愿你坐火車去，因?yàn)槲覠o法忍受你在這種糟糕的天氣還要乘飛機(jī)的想法。動詞go的一般過去式為went，故選A。

11.翻譯題

Man,theUnknownIntheorganizationofindustriallifeandinfluenceofthefactoryuponthephysiologicalandmentalstateoftheworkershasbeencompletelyneglected.Modernindustryisbasedontheconceptionofthemaximumproductionatlowestcost,inorderthatanindividualoragroupofindividualsmayearnasmuchmoneyaspossible.Ithasexpandedwithoutanyideaofthetruenatureofthehumanbeingswhorunthemachines,andwithoutgivinganyconsiderationtotheeffectsproducedontheindividualsandontheirdescendantsbytheartificialmodeofexistenceimposedbythefactory.Thegreatcitieshavebeenbuiltwithnoregardforus.Theshapeanddimensionsoftheskyscrapersdependentirelyonthenecessityofobtainingthemaximumincomepersquarefootofground,andofofferingtothetenantsofficesandapartmentsthatpleasethem.Thiscausedtheconstructionofgiganticbuildingwheretoolargemassesofhumanbeingsarecrowdedtogether.Civilizedmenlikesuchawayofliving.Whiletheyenjoythecomfortandbanalluxuryoftheirdwelling,theydonotrealizethattheyaredeprivedofthenecessitiesoflife.Themoderncityconsistsofmonstrousedificesandofdark,narrowstreetsfullofpetrolfumes,coaldust,andtoxicgases,tornbythenoiseofthetaxi-cabs,lorriesandbuses,andthrongedceaselesslybygreatcrowds.Obviously,ithasnotbeenplannedforthegoodofitsinhabitants.

【答案】人類——神秘的巨人12.單選題

Americanstodaydon’tplaceaveryhighvalueonintellect.Ourheroesareathletes,entertainers,andentrepreneurs,notscholars.Evenourschoolsarewherewesendourchildrentogetapracticaleducation—nottopursueKnowledgeforthesakeofknowledge.Symptomsofpervasiveanti-intellectualisminourschoolsaren’tdifficulttofind.

“Schoolshavealwaysbeeninasocietywherepracticalismoreimportantthanintellectual;”sayseducationwriterDianeRavitch.“Schoolscouldbeacounterbalance—’’Ravitch’slatestbook,LeftBack:ACenturyofFailedSchoolReforms,tracestherootsofintellectualisminourschools,concludingtheyareanythingbutacounterbalancetotheAmericandistasteforintellectualpursuits.

Buttheycouldandshouldbe.Encouragingkidstorejectthelifeofthemindleavesthemvulnerabletoexploitationandcontrol.Withouttheabilitytothinkcritically,todefendtheirideasandunderstandtheideasofothers,theycannotfullyparticipateinourdemocracy.Continuingalongthispath,sayswriterEarlSherries;“Wewillbecomeasecond-ratecountry.Wewillhavealesscivilsociety.”

“Intellectisresentedasaformofpowerorprivilege,”writeshistorianandProfessorRichardHofstadterinAnti-intellectualisminAmericanlife,aPulitzerPrizewinningbookontherootsofanti-intellectualisminUSpolitics,religion,andeducation.FromthebeginningofourhistorysaysHofstadter,ourdemocraticandpopulisturgehavedrivenustorejectanythingthatsmellsofelitism.Practicality,commonsense,andnativeintelligencehavebeenconsideredmorenoblequalitiesthananythingyoucouldlearnfromabook.

RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingandrigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren:“Weareshutupinschoolsandcollegerecitationroomsfor10or15yearsandcomeoutatlastwithabellyfulofwordsanddonotknowathing.”MarkTwain’sHuckleberryFinnexemplifiedAmericananti-intellectualism.Itsheroavoidsbeingcivilized—goingtoschoolandlearningtoread—sohecanpreservehisinnategoodness.

Intellect,accordingtoHofstadter,isdifferentfromnativeintelligence,aqualitywereluctantlyadmire.Intellectisthecritical,creative,andcontemplativesideofthemind.Intelligenceseekstograsp,manipulate,re-order,andadjust,whileintellectexamines,ponders,wonders,theorizes,criticizesandimagines.

Schoolremainsaplacewhereintellectismistrusted.Hofstadtersaysourcountry’seducationalsystemisinthegripsofpeoplewho“joyfullyandmilitantlyproclaimtheirhostilitytointellectandtheireagernesstoidentifywithchildrenwhoshowtheleastintellectualpromise.”

36.WhatdoAmericanparentsexpecttheirchildrentoacquireinschool?

37.WecanlearnfromthetextthatAmericanshaveahistoryof（）.

38.TheviewsofRavitchandEmersononschoolingare（）.

39.Emerson,accordingtothetext,isprobably（）.

40.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofintellect?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thehabitofthinkingindependently.

B.Profoundknowledgeoftheworld.

C.Practicalabilitiesforfuturecareer.

D.Theconfidenceinintellectualpursuits.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.undervaluingintellect

B.favoringintellectualism

C.supportingschoolreform

D.suppressingnativeintelligence

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.identical

B.similar

C.complementary

D.opposite

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Apioneerofeducationreform

B.Anopponentofintellectualism

C.Ascholarinfavorofintellect

D.Anadvocateofregularschooling

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Itissecondtointelligence.

B.Itevolvesfromcommonsense.

C.Itistobepursued.

D.Itunderliespower.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】36.推理判斷題。定位到第一段Americanstodaydon’tplaceaveryhighvalueonintellect.Ourheroesareathletes,entertainers,andentrepreneurs,notscholars.（現(xiàn)今天的美國人并不是很重視智力。我們的英雄是運(yùn)動員、藝人和企業(yè)家，而不是學(xué)者。）Evenourschoolsarewherewesendourchildrentogetapracticaleducation—nottopursueKnowledgeforthesakeofknowledge.（甚至我們的學(xué)校也是我們送孩子去接受實(shí)用教育的地方，而不是為了獲取知識而追求學(xué)問的。）由此可推論出美國的父母是希望他們的孩子能夠?qū)W習(xí)到一些實(shí)用的教育的。因此C選項(xiàng)“未來職業(yè)發(fā)展的實(shí)際能力”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“獨(dú)立思考的習(xí)慣”，B選項(xiàng)“對世界的深刻認(rèn)識”，D選項(xiàng)“對智力追求的自信”。A，B，D選項(xiàng)均與實(shí)用教育無關(guān)，可排除。故選C。

37.推理判斷題。定位在第一段的第一句Americanstodaydon’tplaceaveryhighvalueonintellect.（現(xiàn)今天的美國人并不是重視智力。）和第二段的第一句Schoolshavealwaysbeeninasocietywherepracticalismoreimportantthanintellectual.（學(xué)校一直處于實(shí)踐比知識更重要的社會中）由此可推論出美國是不重視智力的，實(shí)用性遠(yuǎn)大于一切。因此A選項(xiàng)“低估智力”正確，符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“傾向于理智主義”錯誤，第二段就說到了美國看重實(shí)用性，會更傾向于實(shí)用主義。C選項(xiàng)“支持學(xué)校改革”在文中并未提及，可排除，D選項(xiàng)“壓抑天生的智慧”，定位到原文Practicality,commonsense,andnativeintelligencehavebeenconsideredmorenoblequalitiesthananythingyoucouldlearnfromabook.（實(shí)用性、常識和天生的智慧被認(rèn)為是比你從書本中學(xué)到的任何東西都更高貴的品質(zhì)。）由此可知，美國對于天生的智慧是認(rèn)可的，不可能會進(jìn)行壓制。因此D選項(xiàng)錯誤。故選A。

38.推理判斷題。定位在文章的第二段“Schoolshavealwaysbeeninasocietywherepracticalismoreimportantthanintellectual;”sayseducationwriterDianeRavitch.（學(xué)校一直處于實(shí)踐比知識更重要的社會中，教育作家黛安?拉維奇說。）Ravitch’slatestbook…tracestherootsofintellectualisminourschools,concludingtheyareanythingbutacounterbalancetotheAmericandistasteforintellectualpursuits.（拉維奇的最新著作，追溯了學(xué)校知性主義的根源，其結(jié)論是美國人對才學(xué)追求的厭惡根本無法抵消。）可以知道Ravitch對美國學(xué)校低估智力崇尚實(shí)用是不贊成的。而文章的第五段RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingandrigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren:“Weareshutupinschoolsandcollegerecitationroomsfor10or15yearsandcomeoutatlastwithabellyfulofwordsanddonotknowathing.”（拉爾夫?瓦爾多?愛默生和其他一些先驗(yàn)主義哲學(xué)家認(rèn)為學(xué)校教育和嚴(yán)格的書本學(xué)習(xí)約束了孩子的天性，“我們被關(guān)在中小學(xué)和大學(xué)的背誦室里十年或十五年，最后出來時滿腹經(jīng)綸卻什么也不知道?！保┱f明Emerson對學(xué)校的教育是不看好的，會更傾向于學(xué)習(xí)的實(shí)用性。由此可知這兩人的對學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容的觀點(diǎn)是不一致的。因此D選項(xiàng)“相反的”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“完全一樣的”，B選項(xiàng)“類似的”，C選項(xiàng)“互補(bǔ)的”，均與題意不符，可排除。故選D。

39.推理判斷題。定位到原文RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingandrigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren:“Weareshutupinschoolsandcollegerecitationroomsfor10or15yearsandcomeoutatlastwithabellyfulofwordsanddonotknowathing.”（拉爾夫?瓦爾多?愛默生和其他一些先驗(yàn)主義哲學(xué)家認(rèn)為學(xué)校教育和嚴(yán)格的書本學(xué)習(xí)限制了孩子們的天性，“我們被關(guān)在中小學(xué)和大學(xué)的背誦室里十年或十五年，最后出來時滿腹經(jīng)綸卻什么也不知道?！保┯纱丝梢訣merson對智慧的培養(yǎng)是不贊同的。由此可知B選項(xiàng)“一個理智主義的反對者”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“一位教育改革的先驅(qū)”，C選項(xiàng)“一位贊成智力的學(xué)者”，D選項(xiàng)“一位常規(guī)教學(xué)的倡導(dǎo)者”，A，C，D選項(xiàng)均不符題意，可排除。故選B。

40.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。定位在文章第二段Ravitch’slatestbook…tracestherootsofintellectualisminourschools,concludingtheyareanythingbutacounterbalancetotheAmericandistasteforintellectualpursuits.（拉維奇的最新著作，追溯了學(xué)校知性主義的根源，其結(jié)論是美國人對才學(xué)追求的厭惡根本無法抵消。）和第三段的段首句Buttheycouldandshouldbe.（但它們可以也應(yīng)該抵消的。）說明作者是贊成Ravitch的觀點(diǎn)的，認(rèn)為學(xué)校應(yīng)該要能夠抵消美國人對才學(xué)的厭惡，也即是說作者是看重智力的。由此可知C選項(xiàng)“智力是要追求的”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“智力僅次于智慧”，B選項(xiàng)“智力是從常識演變而來的”，D選項(xiàng)“智力是構(gòu)成權(quán)力的基礎(chǔ)”均與題意不符，故選C。

13.單選題

Studiesoftheeffectthatmakesmanyofusslumberorfeelsleepyduringthequeen’sSpeechonChristmasDayhaverevealedthatchangesmayberequiredinBritain’sdrinkdrivelegislation.

Dr.JamesHorne,directoroftheSleepResearchLaboratoryatLoughboroughUniversity,isinvestigatingpose-lunchsleepiness.“Wehumansaredesignedtosleeptwiceaday,onceatnightandashortnapafterlunch,butinthispartoftheworldwetendtorepressthat.”

Itisaremnantofthesameprimevalprogrammingthatmakesallanimalsinthebushrestinthehotafternoonsuntoconserveenergy.

“Hotenvironmentsmakeitworseandmanycultureslivingneartheequator”,saysDr.Home,“haveconcededtotheinevitable,wheretheafternoonsiestaisthewayoflife.”

InthisstudyDr.Homehasbeeninvestigatingtheroleofalcohol.“Thetheoryisthatifyouaremoresleepyafterlunchthenitfiguresthatalcoholwillbemorepotentafterlunch.Onewouldfigurethenthatapintofbeeratlunchtimehasmoreeffectthanintheevening,whenpeoplearemorealert.Indeed,wefindthatithasabouttwicetheeffect.”

Thishasmoresinisterimplications.“Ifpeopletakealcoholuptothelegaldrivinglimit,theirperformanceisseriouslyimpairedafterlunch.”Hesaid.

Itseemsthatalcoholinteractswiththecircadianrhythmofsleeptocauseafternoonsleepiness,sothatonepintatlunch-timeisequivalent,ineffect,toaquartintheevening.

“Forthisreasonmostdriversoughtnottodrinkatallatlunchtimeandthelegalbloodalcohollimitisnoguidetosafedrivinghere.”saidDr.Horne.

ForthosewhowishtoenjoytheQueen’sspeech,Dr.Homerecommendsmildexercise,asplashofcoldairorcoldwaterontheface,oracupofcoffee.Otherwise,takeacatnap.Butthisshouldbelessthan15minutes.“Otherwise,sleepreallysetsinandonecanwakeupfeelingverygroggyandfarsleepierthantobeinwith.”

26.ItisimpliedthatBritishpeople（）.

27.（）takearestinthehotafternoonsun.

28.Mostdriversoughtnottodrinkatallatlunchtimebecause（）.

29.Accordingtothepassage,ifyousleepmorethan15minutesafterlunch,（）.

30.Itcanbeinferredthat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.liketotakeashortnapafterlunch

B.don’ttakeashortnapafterlunch

C.don’tfeelsleepyafterlunch

D.liketosleeptwiceaday

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Allanimalsinthebush

B.Theremnantofthesameprimevalprogramming

C.Thesameprimevalprogramming

D.Allanimalsintheworld

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.alcoholwillbelesspotentafterlunch

B.apintofbeeratlunchtimeisequivalenttoaquartintheevening,itcauseafternoonsleepiness

C.peoplearemorealertatlunchtime

D.itisnotlegaltodrinkatlunchtime

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.youwillberefreshed

B.youwillbewakenup

C.youwillfeelfarsleepier

D.youwilltakeacatnap

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Peoplearenotallowedtodriveaftertheydrinkonequarterintheevening

B.Peoplearestillallowedtodriveaftertheydrinkonequarterintheevening

C.Peoplearestillallowedtodriveaftertheydrinkoutpintatlunch-time

D.None

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】26.推理判斷題。定位在第二段的最后一句Wehumansaredesignedtosleeptwiceaday,onceatnightandashortnapafterlunch,butinthispartoftheworldwetendtorepressthat.（我們?nèi)祟悜?yīng)該每天睡兩次，一次在晚上，一次在午餐后小睡片刻，但在這個世界的一部分地方，我們傾向于克制午睡。）以及最后一段的段首ForthosewhowishtoenjoytheQueen’sspeech,Dr.Homerecommendsmildexercise,asplashofcoldairorcoldwaterontheface,oracupofcoffee.Otherwise,takeacatnap.（對于那些認(rèn)真收聽女王演講的人，霍姆醫(yī)生建議進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)倪\(yùn)動，在臉上噴點(diǎn)涼風(fēng)或冷水，或者喝杯咖啡。否則，就打個盹吧。）由此可以推理出午睡是英國人實(shí)在沒有辦法克服睡意后，才會進(jìn)行的事情。因此A選項(xiàng)“喜歡午飯后小睡一會兒”不符合題意，可排除。同理可排除D選項(xiàng)“喜歡一天睡兩次”，B選項(xiàng)“午飯后不會小睡”符合題意，正確。C選項(xiàng)“午飯后不會覺得困”，原文中說到Itisaremnantofthesameprimevalprogrammingthatmakesallanimalsinthebushrestinthehotafternoonsuntoconserveenergy.（它是一種原始程序的殘余物，與使灌木叢里的所有動物會在炎熱的午后陽光下休息來保存能量是一樣的道理。），可以知道在午后有睡意是人之常情。由此可知C選項(xiàng)是錯誤的。故選B。

27.客觀事實(shí)題。定位到原文Itisaremnantofthesameprimevalprogrammingthatmakesallanimalsinthebushrestinthehotafternoonsuntoconserveenergy.（它是一種原始程序的殘余物，與使灌木叢里的所有動物會在炎熱的午后陽光下休息來保存能量是一樣的道理。）由此可知會在炎熱午后陽光下休息的是灌木叢里的所有動物。因此A選項(xiàng)“所有在灌木叢里的動物”，符合題意，正確。B選項(xiàng)“同一種原始程序的殘余”這是對灌木叢里所有動物會在午后陽光下休息的解釋。C選項(xiàng)“同樣的原始程序”，D選項(xiàng)“世界上所有的動物”。B，C，D選項(xiàng)均不符合題意，故選A。

28.推理判斷題。定位在文中的第七段Itseemsthatalcoholinteractswiththecircadianrhythmofsleeptocauseafternoonsleepiness,sothatonepintatlunch-timeisequivalent,ineffect,toaquartintheevening.（似乎酒精與睡眠的晝夜節(jié)律相互作用，導(dǎo)致下午犯困，以至于午餐時間的一品脫的量相當(dāng)于晚上的一夸脫的量。）可以推論出午后飲酒會讓人更加容易犯困。A選項(xiàng)“午餐后酒精效果不強(qiáng)”，表述錯誤。B選項(xiàng)“午餐時間喝一品脫啤酒相當(dāng)于晚上喝一夸脫啤酒，這會導(dǎo)致下午犯困”符合題意，正確。C選項(xiàng)“人們在午餐時間更警覺”與題意無關(guān)，可排除。D選項(xiàng)“在午餐時間飲酒是不合法的”定位到原文的第八段Forthisreasonmostdriversoughtnottodrinkatallatlunchtimeandthelegalbloodalcohollimitisnoguidetosafedrivinghere.（出于這個原因，大多數(shù)司機(jī)在午餐時間根本不應(yīng)該喝酒，并且合法的血液酒精含量限制并不是安全駕駛的指南。）午餐后喝酒并不違法，只是超過合法的血液酒精含量行駛會不安全，干擾項(xiàng)可排除。故選B。

29.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。定位在文章中的最后一句Butthisshouldbelessthan15minutes.“Otherwise,sleepreallysetsinandonecanwakeupfeelingverygroggyandfarsleepierthantobeinwith.”（但這應(yīng)該不到15分鐘。否則，睡意真的就到來了，當(dāng)你醒來時會感到非常昏昏欲睡，比你剛開始更困。）由此可以推出當(dāng)一個人午休時長超過15分鐘后，會更疲憊，睡意更濃。因此C選項(xiàng)“你會覺得更困”符合題意，正確。A選項(xiàng)“你會精神煥發(fā)”，B選項(xiàng)“你會被喚醒”，D選項(xiàng)“你會小憩一下”。A，B，D選項(xiàng)與題意不符。故選C。

30.推理判斷題。定位在文中第七段Itseemsthatalcoholinteractswiththecircadianrhythmofsleeptocauseafternoonsleepiness,sothatonepintatlunch-timeisequivalent,ineffect,toaquartintheevening.（似乎酒精與睡眠的晝夜節(jié)律相互作用，導(dǎo)致下午犯困，以至于午餐時間的一品脫的量相當(dāng)于晚上的一夸脫的量。）第八段第一句Forthisreasonmostdriversoughtnottodrinkatallatlunchtime…（正因?yàn)槿绱?，大多?shù)司機(jī)在午餐時間根本不應(yīng)該喝酒）。由此可推論出午餐時間是不能喝酒的，由此可以排除C選項(xiàng)“人們在午餐時間喝完酒后仍然可以開車”。A選項(xiàng)“在晚上喝了一夸脫的酒后是不允許開車的”，不允許開車的飲酒量是午餐后的一品脫與晚餐后的一夸脫。同理可推論出晚餐喝了一夸脫酒后是不允許開車的。故A選項(xiàng)符合題意，正確。同理可排除B選項(xiàng)“在晚上喝了一夸脫的酒后開車仍是被允許的”。D選項(xiàng)“無”，按照句意我們推理出了晚上喝酒量達(dá)到一夸脫也是不允許開車的，可排除。故選A。

14.翻譯題

ArecentadvertisementforGoogleChromeshowedaseriesofimportanteventsinachild’slife,eachonebelongingtoadifferentparttheInternet—thefirststepsonYouTube;birthdaye-mails;Facebookphotosofteenageparties.Themessagewasclear:alifecannowbefullyexpressedthroughtheInternet.

This,ofcourse,hasasignificanteffectonhowwerememberthings.Online,majoreventsandexperiencescanbereadabout—andwithvideo,watched—againandagain.ComputersandtheInternet,ratherthanofferingsomethingnew,combineallourtechnologicalmeansofartificialmemory—text,soundandimage—tocreateasynthesisthatcanrecallmemoriesmoreintenselythananythingbefore.

【答案】谷歌瀏覽器的最新廣告展示了一個孩子生活中的一系列重大事件，每件事都關(guān)乎互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的方方面面——YouTube上，孩子學(xué)會走路后邁出第一步的視頻；郵件中的電子生日賀卡，F(xiàn)acebook上年輕人聚會的照片。這一切所傳達(dá)出的信息顯而易見：生活完全可以在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上全部展現(xiàn)。

毫無疑問，這對我們的記憶方式產(chǎn)生了重大的影響。重要的事件與經(jīng)歷都能在網(wǎng)上以圖文或視頻的形式反復(fù)看到。電腦與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)并非提供給我們新鮮的事物，而是融合了文字、聲音、圖像等人工記憶的所有技術(shù)手段，共同創(chuàng)造出一種前所未有的，更加強(qiáng)烈地喚起我們記憶的綜合體。

15.單選題

TheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)istheonlyinternationalorganizationdealingwiththeglobalrulesoftradebetweennations.Itsmainfunctionistoensurethattradeflowsassmoothly,predictablyandfreelyaspossible.

Theresultisassurance.Consumersandproducersknowthattheycanenjoysecuresuppliesandgreaterchoiceofthefinishedproducts,components,rawmaterialsandservicesthattheyuse.Producersandexportersknowthatforeignmarketswillremainopentothem.Theresultisalsoamoreprosperous,peacefulandaccountableeconomicworld.DecisionsintheWTOaretypicallytakenbyconsensusamongallmembercountriesandtheyareapprovedbymembers’parliaments.TradefrictionischanneledintotheWTO’sdisputesettlementprocesswherethefocusisoninterpretingagreementsandcommitments,andhowtoensurethatcountries’tradepoliciesconformwiththem.Thatway,theriskofspitesspillingoverintopoliticalormilitaryconflictisreduced.Byloweringtradebarriers,theWTO’ssystemalsobreaksdownotherbarriersbetweenpeoplesandnations.

Attheheartofthesystem-knownasthemultilateral(多邊的)tradingsystem-ar