2020年高考英語考試大綱解讀

一、語言知識語言知識要求考生掌握并能運(yùn)用英語語音、詞匯、語法基礎(chǔ)知識以及所學(xué)功能意念和話題，要求詞匯量為3500左右。語言運(yùn)用包括聽力、閱讀、寫作和口語。短短數(shù)字，卻蘊(yùn)含了極大的信息量，高考所考的詞匯、語法、話題等已全部包括。牢牢抓住“穩(wěn)中有變，重在穩(wěn)”的特點(diǎn)縱觀近幾年全國卷英語試題，皆基于英語語音項目表1.基本讀音(1)26個字母的讀音(2)元音字母在重讀音節(jié)中的讀音(3)元音字母在輕讀音節(jié)中的讀音(4)元音字母組合在重讀音節(jié)中的讀音(5)常見的元音字母組合在輕讀音節(jié)中的讀音(6)輔音字母組合的讀音(7)輔音連綴的讀音(8)成節(jié)音的讀音1/732.重音(1)單詞重音(2)句子重音3.讀音的變化(1)連讀(2)失去爆破(3)弱讀(4)同化4.語調(diào)與節(jié)奏(1)意群與停頓(2)語調(diào)(3)節(jié)奏5.語音、語調(diào)、重音、節(jié)奏等在口語交流中的運(yùn)用6.朗誦和演講中的語音技巧7.主要英語國家的英語語音差異【解讀】掌握英語語音對于聽力理解和口語是非常重要的。語法項目表1.名詞(1)可數(shù)名詞及其單復(fù)數(shù)(3)專有名詞(2)不可數(shù)名詞(4)名詞所有格2.代詞2/73(1)人稱代詞(4)指示代詞3.數(shù)詞(2)物主代詞(5)不定代詞(3)反身代詞(6)疑問代詞(1)基數(shù)詞4.介詞和介詞短語5.連詞(2)序數(shù)詞6.形容詞(比較級和最高級)7.副詞(比較級和最高級)8.冠詞9.動詞(1)動詞的基本形式(3)及物動詞和不及物動詞(5)情態(tài)動詞(2)系動詞(4)助動詞10.時態(tài)(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(4)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(7)將來進(jìn)行時(10)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時11.被動語態(tài)(2)一般過去時(5)過去進(jìn)行時(8)現(xiàn)在完成時(3)一般將來時(6)過去將來時(9)過去完成時12.非謂語動詞(1)動詞不定式13.構(gòu)詞法(2)動詞的-ing形式(3)動詞的-ed形式3/73(1)合成法寫和簡寫(2)派生法(2)疑問句(3)轉(zhuǎn)化法(3)祈使句(4)縮(4)感(4)賓14.句子種類(1)陳述句嘆句15.句子成分(1)主語(2)謂語(6)狀語(3)表語(7)補(bǔ)語語(5)定語16.簡單句的基本句型17.主謂一致18.并列復(fù)合句19.主從復(fù)合句(1)賓語從句(4)主語從句20.間接引語21.省略(2)狀語從句(5)表語從句(3)定語從句22.倒裝23.強(qiáng)調(diào)24.虛擬語氣【解讀】4/73詞法、句法、章法是語法的靈魂，對于這三個要素要形成體系，不要支離破碎地學(xué)習(xí)，盡量掌握核心內(nèi)容，不要把重心放在“偏難怪”且有爭議的語法現(xiàn)象上?？梢灾谱饕粋€語法知識本，以梳理核心語法知識，形成自己的知識網(wǎng)絡(luò)，進(jìn)而提升借助語法進(jìn)行閱讀和寫作的能力。如牢記常見的不可數(shù)名詞，如advice,equipment,evidence,fun,furniture,information,luck,news,luggage/baggage,progress等牢記核心的詞形變化，如warm—warmth,argue—argument,strong—strength,just—justice,unjust—injustice,explain—explanation等。1.社會交往(SocialCommunications)(1)問候(Greetings)(2)介紹(Introduction)(3)告別(Farewells)(4)感謝(Thanks)(5)道歉(Apologies)(6)邀請(Invitation)(7)請求允許(Askingforpermission)(8)祝愿和祝賀(Expressingwishesandcongratulations)(9)提供幫助(Offeringhelp)5/73(10)接受和拒絕(Acceptanceandrefusal)(11)約會(Makingappointments)(12)打電話(Makingtelephonecalls)(13)就餐(Havingmeals)(14)就醫(yī)(Seeingthedoctor)(15)購物(Shopping)(16)問路(Askingtheway)(17)談?wù)撎鞖?Talkingaboutweather)(18)語言交際困難(Languagedifficultiesincommunication)(19)提醒注意(Reminding)(20)警告和禁止(Warningandprohibition)(21)勸告(Advice)(22)建議(Suggestions)2.態(tài)度(Attitudes)(23)同意和不同意(Agreementanddisagreement)(24)喜歡和不喜歡(Likesanddislikes)(25)肯定和不肯定(Certaintyanduncertainty)(26)可能和不可能(Possibilityandimpossibility)(27)能夠和不能夠(Abilityandinability)(28)偏愛和優(yōu)先選擇(Preference)(29)意愿和打算(Intentionsandplans)(30)希望和愿望(Hopesandwishes)6/73(31)表揚(yáng)和鼓勵(Praiseandencouragement)(32)責(zé)備和抱怨(Blameandcomplaint)(33)冷淡(Indifference)(34)判斷與評價(Judgementandevaluation)3.情感(Emotions)(35)高興(Happiness)(36)驚奇(Surprise)(37)憂慮(Worries)(38)安慰(Reassurance)(39)滿意(Satisfaction)(40)遺憾(Regret)(41)同情(Sympathy)(42)恐懼(Fear)(43)憤怒(Anger)4.時間(Time)(44)時刻(Pointoftime)(45)時段(Duration)(46)頻度(Frequency)(47)時序(Sequence)5.空間(Space)(48)位置(Position)(49)方向(Direction)7/73(50)距離(Distance)6.存在(Existence)(51)存在與不存在(ExistenceandNon-existence)7.特征(Features)(52)形狀(Shape)(53)顏色(Colour)(54)材料(Material)(55)價格(Price)(56)規(guī)格(Size)(57)年齡(Age)8.計量(Measurement)(58)長度(Length)(59)寬度(Width)(60)高度(Height)(61)數(shù)量(Number)9.比較(Comparison)(62)同級比較(Equalcomparison)(63)差別比較(Comparativeandsuperlative)(64)相似和差別(Similarityanddifference)10.邏輯關(guān)系(Logicalrelations)(65)原因和結(jié)果(Causeandeffect)(66)目的(Purpose)8/7311.職業(yè)(Occupations)(67)工作(Jobs)(68)單位(Employer)考試在高考中所占分量很大，占總分值150分的五分之一（30話題項目表1.個人情況(Personalinformation)2.家庭、朋友與周圍的人(Family,friendsandpeoplearound)3.周圍的環(huán)境(Personalenvironments)4.日?；顒?Dailyroutines)5.學(xué)校生活(Schoollife)6.興趣與愛好(Interestsandhobbies)7.個人感情(Emotions)8.人際關(guān)系(Interpersonalrelationships)9.計劃與愿望(Plansandintentions)10.節(jié)假日活動(Festivals,holidaysandcelebrations)11.購物(Shopping)12.飲食(Foodanddrink)13.健康(Health)14.天氣(Weather)9/7315.文娛與體育(Entertainmentandsports)16.旅游和交通(Travelandtransport)17.語言學(xué)習(xí)(Languagelearning)18.自然(Nature)19.世界與環(huán)境(Theworldandtheenvironment)20.科普知識與現(xiàn)代技術(shù)(Popularscienceandmoderntechnology)21.熱點(diǎn)話題(Topicalissues)22.歷史與地理(Historyandgeography)23.社會(Society)24.文學(xué)與藝術(shù)(Literatureandart)【解讀】在以上24個話題中，分布于高考各種題型中，掌握了解24個話題，在復(fù)習(xí)練習(xí)中可有的放矢，少走彎路。把“寶”牢牢押在核心話題和核心素養(yǎng)上了解科學(xué)知識，養(yǎng)成科學(xué)精神和人懷關(guān)懷的話題都是英語全國卷考查的核心話題。所選閱讀和寫作話題將基于英語詞匯表（附后）二、語言運(yùn)用1．聽力要求考生能聽懂所熟悉話題的簡短獨(dú)白和對話。考生應(yīng)能：10/73（1）理解主旨要義；（2）獲取具體的、事實(shí)性信息；（3）對所聽內(nèi)容做出推斷；（4）理解說話者的意圖、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度?！窘庾x】全國卷聽力部分分為兩節(jié)：第一節(jié)共5小題，第二節(jié)共15小題?？忌鷮⒙牭?段簡短的對話(一般為一問一答的形式)和55個小題主要考查考生理解簡單的事體理解能力，要求考生理解對話或獨(dú)白的主旨、要義，獲取事實(shí)性的具體信息，觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度等。2．閱讀要求考生能讀懂書、報、雜志中關(guān)于一般性話題的簡短文段以及公告、說明、廣告等，并能從中獲取相關(guān)信息?？忌鷳?yīng)能：（1）理解主旨要義；（2）理解文中具體信息；（3）根據(jù)上下文推斷單詞和短語的含義；（4）做出判斷和推理；（5）理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)；（6）理解作者的意圖、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度。11/73【解讀】公告、說明、廣告以及書、報、雜志中關(guān)于一般性話題的簡短文章。考生應(yīng)能：1.理解主旨和要義每篇文章都會有一個主旨要義。有時從文章的第一個段落，甚至第一個句子作者沒有明示文章的主旨要義，需要讀者從文章的字里行間進(jìn)行歸納和概括。2.理解文中具體信息有時可以直接從文章中獲取，有時則需要進(jìn)行歸納、概括和推斷后才能得到。3.根據(jù)上下文推斷單詞和短語的含義的一種能力。4.根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容作出判斷和推理12/73讀理解能力的重要構(gòu)成部分，因而也是閱讀理解部分重點(diǎn)考查的能力之一。5.理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)行文連貫。如果希望準(zhǔn)確、深刻地理解文章，必須把握住全篇的基本結(jié)構(gòu)，理清上下文的銜接關(guān)系，即句與句、段與段之間的邏輯關(guān)系。6.理解作者的意圖、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度每篇文章都有一個特定的寫作目的，或是向讀者傳遞某個信息，或是愉悅讀者，或是講授某個道理。而這些信息通常并不是明確表達(dá)出來，而是隱含在文章之中。因此，讀者需要在理解文章總體內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上，去領(lǐng)會作者的言外之意。3．寫作要求考生根據(jù)提示進(jìn)行書面表達(dá)?？忌鷳?yīng)能：（1）清楚、連貫地傳遞信息，表達(dá)意思；（2）有效運(yùn)用所學(xué)語言知識。達(dá)?？忌鷳?yīng)能：項重要內(nèi)容。2.使用一定的句型、詞匯，清楚、連貫地表達(dá)自己的意思任何一篇文章都需要有一個主題，作者應(yīng)該圍繞該主題，使用合適的句型、詞組等，13/73清楚、連貫地表達(dá)自己的思想。4．口語要求考生根據(jù)提示進(jìn)行口頭表達(dá)?？忌鷳?yīng)能：（1）詢問或傳遞事實(shí)性信息，表達(dá)意思和想法；（2）做到語音、語調(diào)自然；（3）做到語言運(yùn)用得體；（4）使用有效的交際策略。詞匯表Aabsentaabsoluteaabsorbvaccidentnartna(an)abandonabilityaccommodationvnvaccompanya&nvabstractaccomplishaanaccountableabsurdaanvabnormalabundantaccountantaccumulateaccuracynaccurateaaccusevprepvvabuseaboarda&nabolishabortionacademicnnacademyad&prepvaboutaccelerateprep,a&adnvaboveaccentaccustomedaadv&nacheabroadabruptabsenceacceptan&vaccessachievevnaaccessibleachievementn14/73nvacidaaddressnaffairaffectacknowledgevacquaintancenacquirevadequateaadjustvnaffectionvaadjustmentnadministrationnadmirableaadmirevaffordafraidacquisitionnacrenAfricanAfricanprepa&nacrossad,prep&conjafteractn&vactionnactiveaactivitynactornadmissionnadmitvafternoonnafterward(s)againadnadadolescenceadolescentadoptva&nprepagainstagenactressnactualaadorevadultnagencynagendanagentnav&nacuteadvanceabbrADad=advertisementadvantagenadventurenadvertisevadvertisementadvicennaggressiveaagoadvadaptadaptationnnagreevvnagreementaddanaaddictedadditionadvisevagriculturalagriculturevnadvocate15/73adaheadallocatevallowvamazingan&vaidAIDSnambassadornambassadressnambiguousaambitionnambulancenAmericanallowancenalmostadalonean&vaimairnnad&prepaircraftairlinenairmailnalongalongsideadaloudadprepamongn&vairplanenairportnairspacenalarmn&v13alphabetnalreadyadalsoadamountampleaamusevalternativeaalthoughconjaltitudenaltogetheradaluminiumamusementnanalysevanalysisnancestornanchorv&nancientaalbumnalcoholnalcoholica&nalgebranalikead(Amaluminum)nalwaysadconjandanecdotenaliveaamv(be)allad,a&pronallergicaalleyna.m./am,A.M./AMabbrangernamateuraamazevanglenangrya16/73animalnapologizevapologynapronnanklenarbitraryaarchnanniversarynannouncevannoyvapparentaappealv&nappearvarchitectnarchitecturenArcticaannualaappearancenappendixna&pronanotheranswerarev(be)areann&vappetitenantnapplaudv&napplenarguevaAntarcticargumentnarise(arose,arisen)vnantiqueapplicantnapplicationnapplyvanxietynanxiousaarithmeticnarmn&varmchairnarmynpron&aanyappointvpronanybodyappointmentnappreciatevappreciationnapproachn&vappropriateaapprovalnanyhowadpronad&preparoundanyoneanythingpronanywayadarrangevarrangementnarrestvanywhereadapartad&aapartmentnapprovevarrivalnarrivevapproximatelyad17/73arrownassumptionnastonishvastronautnastronomernastronomynatprepauntnartnauthenticaauthornauthoritynautomaticaautonomousaautumnnavailableaavenuenaveragea&navoidvarticlenartificialaartistnasad,conj&prepashnathletenashamedaAsianathleticaAtlanticaatmospherenatomnAsiana&nasideadaskvattachvawake(awoke,awoken)v&aasleepaattackv&nattainvaspectnawardnassessvattemptv&nattendvawareaassessmentnassistvawayadattentionnattitudenattractvawesomeaawfulaassistancenassistantnassociatevassociationnassumevawkwardaBattractionnattractiveaaudiencenbabynbachelorn18/73backad,a&nbackgroundnbackward(s)adbaconnbarnbattlenbarbecuenbarbernbarbershopnbareabaynBCabbrbe(am,is,are,was,were,being,been)vbeachnbacterium(plbacteria)nbad(worse,worst)abadmintonnbagnbargainn&vbarkv&nbarriernbasenbeannbeancurdnbear1nbaggagenbakerynbaseballnbasementnbasicabear2vbeardnbalancenbalconynballnbeastnvbasinnbeat(beat,beaten)&nbasisnballetnbasketnbasketballnbatnbeautifulabeautynballoonnbamboonconjbecausebann&vbanananbathnbecome(became,become)vbednbathevbandnbathroomnbathtubnbatterynbandagenbanknbeddingsnbedroomn19/73beenbeneficialabenefitn&vbenta&nbesideprepbesidesprep&adbetrayvbishopnbeefnbitnbeernbite(bit,bitten)vbitteraprep,ad&conjbeforebegvblacka&nblackboardnblamen&vblankn&ablanketnbleedvvbegin(began,begun)behalfnbehavevbehaviour(Ambetweenprepbeyondprepbicyclennbehavior)bidv&nbehindprep&adbeingnbigablessvbike=bicyclenbillnblindabeliefnblockn&vbloodnbelievevbellnbingonbiochemistrynbiographynbiologynblousenbellynblow(blew,blown)vbluen&aboardn&vboatnbelongvbelowprepbeltnbirdnbirthnbenchnbirthdaynbirthplacenbiscuitnbodynbend(bent,bent)vbeneathprepboilvbombn&v20/73bondn&vbonenbowv&nbowlnbrewerynbricknbonusnbowlingnboxnbridenbookn&vboomn&vbootnbridegroomnbridgenboxingnboynbriefaboothnboycottvbrainnbrightabordernboredabrilliantabring(brought,brought)vbraken&vbranchnbrandnboringabornabroadaborrowvbossnbraveabroadcast(broadcast,braverynbreadnbotanicalabotanynbotha&pronbothervbottlenbottomnbouncevboundabroadcast或-ed,-ed)vbreak(broke,broken)v&nbrochurenbrokenabreakfastnbreakthroughnbreastnbreathnbreathevbreathlessabroomnbrothernbrownn&a19boundarynbrunchn21/73brushv&nBuddhismnbudgetnbutconj&prepbutchern&vbutterncan1(could);can’t=cannotmodalvbuffetnbutterflynbuttonn&vbuy(bought,bought)vbyprepbuild(built,built)vbuildingnbunchncan2ncanalncancelvcancerncand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