2022版高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)課時(shí)提升作業(yè)二十二選修8Unit22EnvironmentalProtection【含答案】

二十二選修8Unit22EnvironmentalProtectionⅠ.閱讀理解AAgriculturalexpertssaycropdiversityisimportanttofeedtheincreasingpopulationofourplanet.Theysayhavingalargevarietyofplantsalsohelpstoprotectagainstpossiblecropdiseasesandfuturecrises.Hundredsofthousandsofdifferentplantsnowexist.Butmanyexpertssaythenumberhasdecreasedsharplyduringthepastcentury.Oneoftheworld’slargestseedconservationprojectshaspredictedfurtherlosses.TheMillenniumSeedBankiswarningthatuptoonehundredthousandplantspeciescouldpermanentlydisappear.Therichcollectionofgenesthatdecidetheirqualitieswoulddisappearwiththem.Manyexpertsblameclimatechangeandlossofhabitat,normalgrowtharea,fordamagingplantlife.Theysayhumanactivitiesandpoorlyplanned,overlyheavyuseoflandalsoareresponsible.TheUnitedNationsFoodandAgricultureOrganizationsaysmodernbusinessfarmingisresponsibleforlossoffarmers’traditionalcropvarieties.The“GreenRevolution”ofthetwentiethcenturychangedagriculture.Someexpertssaytheuseofmoderncommercialfarmingmethodssavedmillionsofpeoplefromstarvation.Farmersplanted,watered,andfertilizedtheircropswiththehelpofmachines.Theytreatedtheirfieldswithchemicalstocontrolinsectsanddiseases.Harvestsgrewlargerandhigherquality.Butanotherresultwasthatsometraditionalcropswerelost.Aboutonehundredtwentycropsaregrowntofeedhumans.TheFAOsaysnineofthosecropsprovideseventyfivepercentofhumanfood.Rice,wheatandmaizearesaidtosupplymorethanhalfofhumanfood.Notallexpertsagreethat.Arecentstudyshowedadifferentsituation,atleastintheUnitedStates.ThestudyexaminedrecordsofplantvarietiesinAmericaduringthepastcentury.TheyfoundthatthetotalnumberofvegetableandapplecropvarietiesintheUnitedStatesdidnotfalloverthepastcentury.【文章大意】這是一篇說明文。農(nóng)作物的多樣性對(duì)養(yǎng)活不斷增長(zhǎng)的人口很重要,但是世界上有很多正在消失的植物品種。1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Thelossoffarmers’traditionalcropvarieties.B.Thenumberdecreasinginfoodcrops.C.Thenumberincreasinginfoodcrops.D.Thedisappearanceplantsspeciespermanently.選B。代詞指代題。畫線詞“that”指代的是上文的內(nèi)容,第一段最后一句Butmanyexpertssaythenumberhasdecreasedsharplyduringthepastcentury.但是許多專家說在過去的一個(gè)世紀(jì)里,這個(gè)數(shù)字急劇下降。可知B項(xiàng)正確。2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.Alltheexpertsholdtheviewthatthenumberplantshasdecreasedsharply.B.ThenumberofvarietieshasincreasedalotinAmerica.C.Chemicalshashelpedharvestsgrowlargerandhigherqualityinasense.D.Terribleweatherleadstoadecreaseinfoodcrops.選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。A項(xiàng)中Alltheexperts表述有誤,并不是所有的專家。B項(xiàng)中increasedalot表述有誤,thetotalnumberofvegetableandapplecropvarietiesintheUnitedStatesdidnotfalloverthepastcentury。D項(xiàng)天氣原因只是其中一個(gè)方面。故選C。3.WhatistheSeedBank’sattitudetowardsthedisappearanceplantsspecies?A.Casual. B.Doubtful.C.Optimistic. D.Concerned.選D。推理判斷題。從第二段中TheMillenniumSeedBankiswarningthatuptoonehundredthousandplantspeciescouldpermanentlydisappear.千年種子庫警告說,多達(dá)十萬種植物物種可能永久消失,可知,warn表達(dá)了極大關(guān)注,故選D。4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Showingconcernaboutthedisappearanceofplantlife.B.Agricultureisplayinganimportantrole.C.Thechangingofmodernagriculture.D.TheEarthindanger.選A。主旨大意題。在第一段最后一句“Butmanyexpertssaythenumberhasdecreasedsharplyduringthepastcentury.”中,“But”是關(guān)鍵詞,表示轉(zhuǎn)折,植物品種的數(shù)量在下降,可知選A。B(合肥模擬)It’sreallytruewhatpeoplesayaboutEnglishpoliteness:it’severywhere.Whensqueezingpastsomeoneinanarrowaisle,peoplesay“sorry”.Whengettingoffabus,Englishpassengerssay“thankyou”ratherthanthedriver.InGermany,peoplewouldneverdreamofdoingthesethings.Afterall,squeezingpastothersissometimesinevitable,andthebusdriverismerelydoinghisjob.Iusedtothinkthesameway,withoutquestioningit,untilIstartedtravellingtotheBritishIslesandcametoappreciatesomemorepolitewaysofinteractingwithpeople.PeoplethankeachothereverywhereinEngland,allthetime.Whenpeoplebuysomethinginashop,customerandshopassistantinmostcasesthankeachothertwiceormore.InGermany,itwouldbeunusualtohearmorethanonethankyouinsuchaconversation.Britishstudentsthanktheirlecturerswhenleavingtheroom.Englishemployersthanktheiremployeesfordoingtheirjobs,asopposedtoGermans.AnotherthingIobservedduringmystaywasthatEnglishpeoplerarelycriticizeothers.EvenwhenIwasworkingandmistakeswerepointedouttome,myemployersemphasizedseveraltimesbutnoneoftheirexplanationswereintendedascriticism.Ithasbeenmyimpressionthatbyavoidingcriticism,Englishpeoplearemakinganefforttomakeothersfeelcomfortable.Thisalsoisshowedinotherways.Britishmenstillopendoorsforwomen,andBritishmenaremorelikelytotreatwomentoamealthanGermanmen.【文章大意】本文主要以對(duì)比的方式展開講述了英國(guó)式的禮貌。對(duì)比了英國(guó)人和德國(guó)人表達(dá)謝意和歉意的方式。英國(guó)人很少批評(píng)指責(zé)他人,英國(guó)人比德國(guó)人更熱情。5.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsEnglishpoliteness?A.Hethinksitispractical.B.Heemploysit.C.Heappreciatesit.D.Hethinksitgoestoofar.選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句Iusedtothinkthesameway,withoutquestioningit,untilIstartedtravellingtotheBritishIslesandcametoappreciatesomemorepolitewaysofinteractingwithpeople.我以前也是這么想的,從不質(zhì)疑,直到我開始去不列顛群島旅行,并開始欣賞一些更禮貌的與人交往的方式。故選C。6.Accordingtothelastparagraph,howdoEnglishpeopledealwithothers’mistakes?A.Theyarelesslikelytocriticizeothers.B.Theyneverexplainwhyothersarewrong.C.Theyaremorelikelytobehardonothers.D.Theyneverpointoutothers’mistakes.選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的AnotherthingIobservedduringmystaywasthatEnglishpeoplerarelycriticizeothers.EvenwhenIwasworkingandmistakeswerepointedouttome,myemployersemphasizedseveraltimesbutnoneoftheirexplanationswereintendedascriticism.在我逗留期間,我注意到的另一件事是,英國(guó)人很少批評(píng)別人。即使是在我工作的時(shí)候,當(dāng)有人指出我的錯(cuò)誤時(shí),我的老板也會(huì)多次強(qiáng)調(diào),但他們的解釋都不是為了批評(píng)。故選A。7.Theauthordevelopsthetextthroughthemethodof______.

A.givingreasons B.tellingstoriesC.givingcomments D.makingcomparisons選D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段InGermany,itwouldbeunusualtohearmorethanonethankyouinsuchaconversation.Britishstudentsthanktheirlecturerswhenleavingtheroom.Englishemployersthanktheiremployeesfordoingtheirjobs,asopposedtoGermans.在德國(guó),在這樣的對(duì)話中聽到不止一個(gè)“謝謝”是很不尋常的。英國(guó)學(xué)生在離開教室時(shí)感謝他們的講師。英國(guó)老板感謝他們的員工做了他們的工作,德國(guó)老板相反。由此可知作者以比較的方式來展開文章。故選D。Ⅱ.閱讀填句根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。AsnowleopardroarsinthehighmountainsofAsia.AblackrhinocerosgallopsacrosstheplainsofAfrica.1.__________Amotherbluewhaleandhercalfglidethroughthedeepwatersoftheocean.

AlloftheseanimalssharetheEarthwithus.2.__________Weloveobservingtheirbehavior,andlearningmoreabouttheirhabits.Butjustlovingthemisnotenough.Alloftheseanimalsareendangered.Manyofthemhavedied,andwithoutspecialcare,theymaysomedaydisappearfromtheEarth.

Whyisitimportanttocareforanimalslikethese?OnereasonistoprotectthebalanceoflifeonEarth.3.__________Eachspeciesofanimalisspecial.Africawasoncefilledwithalotofwildanimals.Butthatischangingfast.Oneoftheseanimals,theblackrhinoceros,livesontheplainsofAfrica.Ithasverypooreyesightandaverybadtemper!Eventhoughtheblackrhinoispowerful,andcanbedangerous,itsstrengthcan’talwayshelpittoescapehunters.Somepeoplethinkthattherhino’shornhasmagicalpowers,andmanyhunterskillrhinosfortheirvaluablehorns.4.__________

TheelephantseemstorepresentallthatisstrongandwildinAfrica.Itoncehadnonaturalenemies,butisnowendangered-killedforitsivorytusks.ImagineAfricawithoutthepowerfulrhino,thegentle,intelligentelephant,orthelightningquickcheetah.5.________

A.Everyeffortisofgreatimportance.B.Oncetheyaregone,theyaregoneforever.C.AgrizzlybearhuntsforfishinaNorthAmericanriver.D.Anotherreasonisthebeautyoftheanimalsthemselves.E.Ordinarypeoplelikeyouandmecanalsohelpalot.F.Theyfascinateuswiththeirbeauty,theirgrace,andtheirspeed.G.Thishascausedtheblackrhinotobeplacedontheendangeredspecieslist.【文章大意】由于人類的活動(dòng),許多動(dòng)物瀕臨滅絕。1.選C。根據(jù)本段其他句中Asnowleopard,Ablackrhinoceros和Amotherbluewhale可知選C。2.選F。根據(jù)第二段第一句AlloftheseanimalssharetheEarthwithus.(所有這些動(dòng)物都與我們共享地球),可知F項(xiàng)符合上下文語境,They指代theseanimals。它們的美麗、優(yōu)雅和速度令我們著迷。3.選D。根據(jù)上文OnereasonistoprotectthebalanceoflifeonEarth.可知選D。4.選G。前面提到rhino,根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞及上下文句意可知選G。5.選B。想象一下非洲沒有這些動(dòng)物。一旦它們走了,它們就永遠(yuǎn)消失了。故選B。Ⅲ.語法填空閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。AnenvironmentalgroupinColombiaisleadingaprojecttosavewildareasintheSanLucasmountains1.__________thehelpofcoffeegrowers.

Goldminingandcocafarmingmakemoremoney2.__________coffeegrowing.SothegroupWebConservahelpscoffeegrowersbylinkingthemwithprocessorsfromaroundthecountry.Thegoalis3.__________(limit)additionaldevelopmentinthenorthernSanLucasareawhichisrichinbiodiversity,4.__________(mean)manyformsoflifelivethere.

Colombiahasmoredifferent5.__________(kind)oflivingthingsthananycountryafterneighboringBrazil,butdestructionofforests6.__________(increase)since2016.

ArnobisRomero,acolombiancoffeeroaster,posesforaphotointhemiddleofacoffeeplantationinSanLucas,Thatyear,thegovernment7.__________(sign)apeacedealwiththeRevolutionaryArmedForcesofColombiaendingyearsofcivilwar.As8.________result,morelandbecameaccessibleforuse.Governmentinformationshowsthatin2017,almost220,000hectaresofforestweredestroyed,9.__________(compare)to124,000hectaresin2015.

TheSwissenvironmentalgroup,theInternationalUnionforConservationofNaturepublishesaRedListofendangeredlivingthings.Itsaysmorethan31,000speciesarethreatenedwithdisappearing.Ofthose,1,050speciesliveinColombiaand187areconsidered10.__________(high)endangered.

【文章大意】文章介紹了動(dòng)植物在哥倫比亞惡劣的生存環(huán)境。1.with?？疾榻樵~。withthehelpof固定搭配。2.than?？疾楸容^級(jí)。關(guān)鍵詞more,前后有比較關(guān)系,所以用than。3.tolimit?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。表示目的,目標(biāo)是為了限制發(fā)展。4.meaning?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。作伴隨狀語,mean意味著。5.kinds?？疾槊~。different不同的,所以名詞用復(fù)數(shù)。6.hasincreased?？疾閯?dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。關(guān)鍵詞since當(dāng)“自從”的意思時(shí),用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。7.signed。考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。政府簽署了和平協(xié)議,這件事已經(jīng)發(fā)生過了。所以用一般過去時(shí)。8.a?？疾楣潭ù钆洹saresult固定搭配。9.compared?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。此處compared...在句中作狀語,且compare與主語Governmentinformation之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。10.highly?？疾楦痹~。high指具體的高度,highly表示程度,此處指瀕危的程度高。Ⅰ.閱讀理解(鄭州模擬)RecordfiressweepingacrosstheAmazonrecentlyhavebeenmakingtheheadlinesasscientistsandenvironmentalgroupsareworriedthattheywillworsenclimatechangecrisisandendangerbiodiversity(生物多樣性).Asthelargestrainforestintheworld,theAmazonisoftencalled“thelungsoftheworld”.Itisalsohometoabout3millionspeciesofplantsandanimals,and1millionlocalpeople.Thevastareaofrainforestplaysanimportantroleintheworld’secosystembecauseitabsorbsheatinsteadofreflectingheatbackintotheatmosphere.Italsostorescarbondioxideandproducesoxygen,ensuringthatlesscarbonisreleased,reducingtheeffectsofclimatechange.“Anyforestdestroyedisadangertobiodiversityandthepeoplewhousethatbiodiversity,”ThomasLovejoy,anecologistatGeorgeMasonUniversitytoldDatafromtheNationalInstituteforceResearch(INPE)showthatthenumberofforestfiresinBrazilquicklyincreasedby82percentfromJanuarytoAugustayearago.Atotalof71,497forestfireswereregisteredinthecountryinthefirst8monthsof2019,upfrom39,194inthesameperiodin2018,INPEsaid.“WeestimatethattheforestareasintheBrazilianAmazonhavedecreasedsomethingbetween20and30percentcomparedtothelast12months,”CarlosNobre,aresearcherattheUniversityofSaoPaulo,toldGermanbroadcasterDeutscheWelle.Brazilownsabout60percentoftheAmazonrainforest,whosedegradation(惡化)couldhavesevereconsequencesforglobalclimateandrainfall.Theextentofthearearuinedbyfireshasyettobedetermined,buttheemergencyhasgonebeyondBrazil’sborders.【文章大意】本文是新聞報(bào)道。報(bào)道了巴西亞馬遜雨林遭遇大火侵襲,“地球之肺”燃燒,引起國(guó)內(nèi)外廣泛關(guān)注。1.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A.ThegreatroleoftheAmazonrainforest.B.Theeffectsofconsistentclimatechange.C.Thecausesofthedecreasingbiodiversity.D.TheresultsoftheAmazonrainforestfires.選A。段落大意題。從第二段可知,巴西亞馬遜雨林是“地球之肺”,是動(dòng)植物和人們的家園,對(duì)世界生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的調(diào)節(jié)起著重要作用。故選A,亞馬遜雨林的重要作用。2.Whydoestheauthormentionthefiguresinthefourthparagraph?A.Toexplaintheprocessoftheresearch.B.Topresentthebadinfluenceofforestfires.C.Toprovethegreatimportanceoftherainforest.D.Toshowtheemergencyofprotectingtherainforest.選D。推理判斷題。第四段提到的一系列的數(shù)字表明火災(zāi)次數(shù)在增加,說明了保護(hù)雨林的迫切性。突出文章主題,即巴西亞馬遜雨林遭遇大火引發(fā)的全球關(guān)注。3.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusinthepassage?A.Thedryweatherleadstotherainforestfires.B.Thebiodiversitymakestherainforestunique.C.Therainforestfiresresultinseriousconsequences.D.Theglobalclimatecrisisbringsmorerainforestfires.選C。主旨大意題。本文報(bào)道了巴西亞馬遜雨林遭遇大火侵襲,以及造成的嚴(yán)重后果,故選C。4.Whichsectionofamagazinemightthispassageprobablybetakenfrom?A.Climateandlife.B.Natureandgeography.C.Humankindandsociety.D.Scienceandtechnology.選B。推理判斷題。文章是關(guān)于巴西亞馬遜雨林的,所以和自然及地理有關(guān)系,和科技,社會(huì),生活沒有關(guān)系,排除A,C和D。Ⅱ.完形填空(上海模擬)Dear1,

Itisthefirsttimeformybelovedsontostepoutofhishomewhereheishappyandsafe.Theschoollifeisgoingtobestrangeand2tohimforawhile.AndIwishyouwouldtakecareofhimwithenough3.

Sofar,he’sbeen4ofhisownroom.He’sbeenbossofthebackyard.Ihavealwaysbeenaroundtorepairhiswounds,andto5hisfeelings.

6,thingsseemtobedifferentnow.Today,heisrequiredtowalkdownthefrontsteps,saygoodbyetomeandstartonhisgreat7thatwillprobablyincludewars,tragedyand8.Tolivehislifeintheworldinwhichhehastolivewill9faith,loveandcourage.

So,World,Iwishyouwouldtakehim10hisyounghandandteachhimthingshewillhavetoknow.Teachhim—butgently,ifyoucan.Teachhimthatforeveryscoundrel(惡人),thereisa11;thatforeverydishonestpolitician,thereisa12leader;thatforeveryenemy,thereisafriend.Teachhimthewondersofbooks.Givehimquiettimeto13themysteriesofbirdsinthesky,beesinthesun,andflowersonthegreenhills.Teachhimitisfarmorehonorableto14thantocheat.Teachhimtohave15inhisownideas,16everyoneelsetellshimtheyarewrong.Teachhimto17hisstrengthandbrainstothehighestbidder(投標(biāo)人),butnevertoputapriceonhisheartandsoul.Teachhimtoclosehisearstoa18crowd,andtostandand19ifhebelieveshe’sright.Teachhimkindly,World,butdon’tspoilhim,becauseonlythe20offiremakesfinesteel.

Thisisabigorder,World,butseewhatyoucando.Heissuchanicelittlefellow.Yours,Sally【文章大意】這是一封書信。作者愛子心切,以書信的方式希望這個(gè)世界能夠教導(dǎo)自己深愛著的兒子,親切地帶著善意地教會(huì)他必須知道的事情。1.A.World B.SchoolC.Headmaster D.Friend選A。根據(jù)第四段第一句話“So,World,Iwishyouwouldtakehim...”可知,這封信是寫給這個(gè)世界的。2.A.interesting B.amazingC.challenging D.concerning選C。根據(jù)上文“Itisthefirsttimeformybelovedsontostepoutofhishomewhereheishappyandsafe.”可知,作者的兒子第一次走出幸福又安全的家,這個(gè)世界對(duì)于他來說是奇怪并具有挑戰(zhàn)性的。3.A.determination B.kindnessC.patience D.courage選B。根據(jù)后文的“Teachhimkindly,World,”和“Teachhim—butgently,”可知,作者希望這個(gè)世界能夠帶著善意,溫柔地教導(dǎo)自己的兒子,故選B項(xiàng)kindness,與后文相呼應(yīng)。4.A.manager B.monitor C.king D.instructor選C。根據(jù)后面一句“He’sbeenbossofthebackyard.”可知,作者形容自己的兒子是家里后院的老板,她的兒子在自己的房間也肯定“地位很高”,故C項(xiàng)符合語境。5.A.explore B.containC.express D.comfort選D。作者一直在兒子身邊幫他療傷,撫慰他的情緒。6.A.Otherwise B.ThereforeC.Besides D.However選D。作者的兒子在家是王,是老板,作者一直陪伴在他身邊?，F(xiàn)在,一切都不一樣了。上下文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。7.A.adventure B.experienceC.revolution D.inspection選A。根據(jù)后文“thatwillprobablyincludewars,tragedy”可知,作者的兒子可能會(huì)遇見戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、悲劇。這兩樣對(duì)于他來說應(yīng)該是一種冒險(xiǎn)(adventure)。8.A.sorrow B.reliefC.fortune D.luck選A。作者的兒子可能會(huì)遇見戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和悲劇,戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和悲劇都是不好的事情,所以A項(xiàng)sorrow(悲傷)符合語境。9.A.weaken B.requireC.strengthen D.increase選B。作者認(rèn)為在她的兒子必須生活的世界里過上他自己的生活需要信仰、愛和勇氣。10.A.at B.in C.on D.by選D。作者希望這個(gè)世界能拉住自己兒子的手,教會(huì)他他必須知道的事情。takesb.byhand意為“拉住某人的手”,為固定搭配。11.A.hero B.commanderC.performer D.competitor選A。根據(jù)前文世上有惡人,就有英雄。12.A.powerful B.faithfulC.distant D.valuable選B。根據(jù)后文“thatforeveryenemy,thereisafriend.”可知,有敵人就有朋友,enemy與friend形成對(duì)比,以此類推,世上有惡人就會(huì)有英雄。有不誠(chéng)實(shí)的政客就會(huì)有忠實(shí)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。13.A.reserve B.replace C.solve D.survive選C。作者希望這個(gè)世界給自己的兒子安靜的時(shí)間來解開(solve)天空里的鳥、陽光下的蜜蜂和青山上的花的秘密。14.A.respond B.deny C.fail D.win選C。失敗(fail)比作弊光彩得多。15.A.mercy B.basisC.reasons D.confidence選D。根據(jù)語境可知,作者想讓這個(gè)世界教會(huì)她的兒子對(duì)自己的想法有信心(confidence),故選D項(xiàng)。16.A.asif B.evenifC.incase D.forfear選B。根據(jù)前文可知,作者想讓這個(gè)世界教會(huì)她的兒子對(duì)自己的想法有信心,即使每個(gè)人都告訴他這些想法是錯(cuò)的。17.A.attach B.devote C.apply D.sell選D。句意:教會(huì)他將自己的長(zhǎng)處和頭腦賣給(sell)出價(jià)最高者,但永遠(yuǎn)不要出賣自己的心和靈魂。18.A.local B.total C.fierce D.noisy選D?？仗幵~用來形容crowd(人群),人群應(yīng)該是吵鬧的(noisy)。19.A.affect B.signal C.fight D.bargain選C。如果他相信自己是對(duì)的,就要去(為自己)戰(zhàn)斗(fight)。20.A.test B.temperatureC.flame D.spread選A。根據(jù)空后面的“offiremakesfinesteel.”可推測(cè),作者想表達(dá)的是只有經(jīng)過火焰的考驗(yàn)(test)才能鍛造出好的鋼鐵。Ⅲ.短文改錯(cuò)IhavebeenaddictedwithitsinceIusedTikTokorDouyin.Ioftenpostedmyownvideosandlivebroadcastsonit.Ihavewonaplentyoff