選修八第三單元語法grammar課件

ThePastParticple--ThePastParticple--1一、形式

主動形式被動形式一般式完成式

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過去分詞只有一種形式?！鳜F(xiàn)在分詞：beingdonehavingdonedoinghavingbeendone--一、形式

主動形式被動形式一般式完成式△

過2二、功能1．作表語2．作定語3．作狀語4．作賓語補足語--二、功能1．作表語--3I.Pastparticipleusedasattributes

（定語）

1.位置:單個分詞位于名詞前，短語則在名詞后,被過去分詞所修飾的名詞，就是該分詞的邏輯主語。

Thestolencarwasfoundbythepolicelastweek.Thespeakeransweredallthequestionsraisedbytheaudience.

--I.Pastparticipleusedasatt42.作用---相當(dāng)于一個定語從句

（2）Thebook,writtenin1957,tellsthestruggleoftheminers.=Isthereanythingthathasbeenplannedfortonight?（1）Isthereanythingplannedfortonight？=Thebook,whichwaswrittenin1957,tellsthestruggleoftheminers.注：Theproblem（discussedyesterday）

hassomethingtodowithdailylife.Theproblem（beingdiscussednow）

hasnothingtodowithdailylife.

（表示完成）（表示正在進行）--2.作用---相當(dāng)于一個定語從句（2）Thebook,w5

II.Pastparticiplesusedaspredictive（表語）1.過去分詞作表語，表示主語所處的狀態(tài)，

其邏輯主語就是句子的主語。Thewindowisbroken.Theinnergatewaslocked.Shewasgreatlyexcited.2.與現(xiàn)在分詞作表語的區(qū)別。現(xiàn)在分詞：主語的特征或性質(zhì)，“令人…”，有主動意思。e.g.Howdisappointingtheelectionis!過去分詞：主語的感受，“感到…”，有被動意思。e.g.Theyfeeldisappointedattheelection.--II.Pastparticiplesused6常見的這類此有：interesting—interested

encouraging—encouraged

delighting—delighted

disappointing—disappointed

pleasing—pleased

puzzling—puzzled

satisfying—satisfied

surprising—surprised

worrying--worried--常見的這類此有：--7Thisriverispolluted.譯：這條河被污染了Thisriverwaspolluted

bythechemicalplant.

譯：這條河是被那家化工廠給污染的?！镞^去分詞作表語和被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別：Thewindowsareclosed.譯：窗戶是關(guān)著的。ThewindowswereclosedbyJack.譯：窗戶是被杰克關(guān)起來的過去分詞作表語，表狀態(tài)，相當(dāng)于一個形容詞；在被動語態(tài)中，過去分詞表動作，常由by引出動作的發(fā)出者。（過去分詞作表語，表狀態(tài)）（過去分詞構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)，表動作）--Thisriverispolluted.★過去分詞作表8III.PastparticipleusedastheObjectComplement(賓語補足語)1.表“希望，要求”的動詞：

want,wish,expect,wish,like,order+(tobe)done表示“希望/要求某人或某事被…”e.g.Iwantthework(tobe)finishedbySunday.Jimorderedtheroom(tobe)cleaned.--III.Pastparticipleusedast92.表“感覺，心理狀態(tài)”的動詞：see,hear,find,feel,think,watch,notice+object(賓語)+p.p.e.g.Wesawthethiefcaughtbythepolice.Peoplefoundthewaterpolluted.HaveyouheardapopsongsunginJapanese?

--2.表“感覺，心理狀態(tài)”的動詞：see,hear,f10過去分詞,不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補的區(qū)別:三者與賓語邏輯上都是主謂關(guān)系，但過去分詞強調(diào)他們之間的被動關(guān)系，不帶to的不定式強調(diào)動作發(fā)生的全過程，doing強調(diào)他們之間的主動關(guān)系，正在進行。Isawhercomeintotheclassroom.Isawhercoming

intotheclassroom.Isawhertakenoutoftheclassroom.--過去分詞,不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補的Isawherc113.使役動詞:make,get,have,keep

,leave,etc.e.g.Wemustgetthetableclothwashed.=Wemustasksomebodytowashthetablecloth.Hehadhiswatchrepaired.

4.在“with/without＋賓語＋賓補(過去分詞)”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，過去分詞與賓語之間是動賓關(guān)系。e.g.Doyouknowthemanwithhishairtiedback?--3.使役動詞:make,get,have,keep12IV.PastparticipleusedastheAdverbial(狀語)過去分詞作狀語相當(dāng)于狀語從句。e.g.1.Askedwhyhedidn’tdoit,hebegantocry.過去分詞作時間狀語相當(dāng)于時間狀語從句(Whenhewas)askedwhyhedidn’tdoit,

hebegantocry.--IV.Pastparticipleusedasth13e.g.2.Givenmoretime,I’llcatchupwithyou.過去分詞作條件狀語相當(dāng)于條件狀語從句(IfIam)givenmoretime,I’llcatchupwithyou.e.g.3.Bornandbroughtupinthevillage,heknowsalotofpeoplethere.過去分詞作原因狀語相當(dāng)于原因狀語從句(Becausehewas)bornandbroughtupinthevillage,heknowsalotofpeoplethere.--e.g.2.Givenmoretime,I’ll14e.g.4.Defeatedmanytimes,theycontinuetofight.過去分詞作讓步狀語相當(dāng)于讓步狀語從句(Althoughtheyhadbeen)defeatedmanytimes,theycontinuedtofight.e.g.5.Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,followedbyagroupofstudents.表示方式和伴隨情況時可以轉(zhuǎn)換為一個并列的謂語成分。Theteacherenteredtheclassroom(andhewasfollowed)byagroupofstudent.--e.g.4.Defeatedmanytimes,t15過去分詞作狀語時,為了使意義更加明確,也可以在pp.前加上對應(yīng)的連詞when,as,if

等等.4.Althoughdefeatedmanytimes,theycontinuetofight.3.As/Becausebornandbroughtupinthevillage,heknowsalotofpeoplethere.2.Ifgivenmoretime,I’llcatchupwithyou.1.Whenaskedwhyhedidn’tdoit,hebegantocry.注意：帶有連詞的過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于一個省略句,省略的部分為主語+be的相應(yīng)變化形式.--過去分詞作狀語時,為了使意義更加明確,也可以在pp.前加上16注意：1）現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作狀語時的區(qū)別_______________London(夜里參觀倫敦)atnight,youareabitlikeinadream.____________(當(dāng)有人夜里來訪)atnight,youmustmakesurethevisitorreallyyourfriend.WhenvisitingWhenvisited選擇現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞，關(guān)鍵看主句的主語。如分詞和主句的主語是主動關(guān)系，分詞就選用現(xiàn)在分詞，反之就用過去分詞。--注意：_______________London(夜里參觀17_____________________________(寫完了所有的信之后)，Ihadadrinkandwentout.Havingfinishedallmyletters___________(信寫完之后)，thelettershouldbereadtotheonewhoasksyoutowriteit.Finished從山頂看，我們能看到一個美麗的公園。

從山頂看，公園很美麗。Seeingfromthetopofthehill,wecanseeabeautifulpark.Seenfromthetopofthehill,theparkisbeautiful.--_____________________________18____inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.(lose)______inwhite,shelooksmorebeautiful.(dress)belostin；bedressedin；

beinterestedin；bedevotedto；

besupposedto；becaughtintherain；

beseatedin；bepreparedfor；

bedeterminedtoLost2.系表結(jié)構(gòu)表示主語所處的狀態(tài)Dressed類似的還有：--____inthought,healmostran19generallyspeakinggivenjudgingfrom/byjudgedbyconsideringsupposingthattalkingofseeing(that)

有些固定用法：一般說來,鑒于,根據(jù)…來看,考慮到,假如,說到,鑒于，由于--generallyspeaking有些固定用法：20習(xí)題：1.Wesawthethief_________(catch)bythepolice.caught

譯：我看見那個小偷被警察抓住了。（過去分詞短語作賓語補足語，表被動。)2.Isawhim_________(geton)thebus.gettingon譯：我看見他正在上車。（現(xiàn)在分詞短語作賓語補足語，表主動。動作正在進行。）3.Iwillhave/getmyhair______(cut)tomorrow.cut

譯：我準(zhǔn)備明天理發(fā)。(過去分詞作賓補，表被動。)--習(xí)題：1.Wesawthethief_________21—I’mverythirsty.—You’dbetterdrinksome___water.A.boilingB.boilC.boiledD.tobeboiled2)TheOlympicGames__in776B.C.lastedforonlyoneday.A.heldB.tobeheldC.holdingD.beingholding3)Theroomsare____,soyoucan’tmovein.A.paintedB.paintingC.beingpaintedD.tobepainted

CAC--—I’mverythirsty.CAC--224)Assoonasheenteredthecity,he____.A.waslosingB.gotlosingC.lostD.gotlost5)Whathehasdoneisreally____.Nowhisparentsare_____him.A.disappointing;disappointedatB.disappointing;disappointedaboutC.disappointing;disappointedwithD.disappointed;disappointingby(e.g.gethurtgetexcited

getpleased)CD--(e.g.gethurtge236)._____areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.A.Notreceiving B.ReceivingnotC.Nothavingreceived D.HavingnotreceivedC7).

____inhernewskirt,shetriedtomakeherself____attheparty.A.Dressed;noticedB.Dressing;noticedC.Dressed;noticingD.Dressing;beingnoticing9).____betterattention,thevegetablescouldhavegrownbetterA.GivingB.GivenC.GiveD.TogiveB(he和receive是主謂關(guān)系，且receive先于decide之前發(fā)生。)A--6)._____areply,hedecidedt2410).Unless___tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.A.invitedB.invitingC.beinginvitedD.havinginvitedA11).____byhisteachers,hehasmadegreatprogressinhislesson.A.HelpingB.TohelpC.HelpD.HelpedD12).____histelephonenumber,shehadsomedifficultygettingintouchwithBill.KnowingnotB.NotknownC.NotknowingD.NotknowC--10).Unless___tospeak,you2513).___,thelittleboyislivingahappylife.TakinggoodcareB.TakengoodcareC.HavingtakengoodcareD.TakengoodcareofD--13).___,thelittleboyisli26ThePastParticple--ThePastParticple--27一、形式

主動形式被動形式一般式完成式

△

過去分詞只有一種形式?！鳜F(xiàn)在分詞：beingdonehavingdonedoinghavingbeendone--一、形式

主動形式被動形式一般式完成式△

過28二、功能1．作表語2．作定語3．作狀語4．作賓語補足語--二、功能1．作表語--29I.Pastparticipleusedasattributes

（定語）

1.位置:單個分詞位于名詞前，短語則在名詞后,被過去分詞所修飾的名詞，就是該分詞的邏輯主語。

Thestolencarwasfoundbythepolicelastweek.Thespeakeransweredallthequestionsraisedbytheaudience.

--I.Pastparticipleusedasatt302.作用---相當(dāng)于一個定語從句

（2）Thebook,writtenin1957,tellsthestruggleoftheminers.=Isthereanythingthathasbeenplannedfortonight?（1）Isthereanythingplannedfortonight？=Thebook,whichwaswrittenin1957,tellsthestruggleoftheminers.注：Theproblem（discussedyesterday）

hassomethingtodowithdailylife.Theproblem（beingdiscussednow）

hasnothingtodowithdailylife.

（表示完成）（表示正在進行）--2.作用---相當(dāng)于一個定語從句（2）Thebook,w31

II.Pastparticiplesusedaspredictive（表語）1.過去分詞作表語，表示主語所處的狀態(tài)，

其邏輯主語就是句子的主語。Thewindowisbroken.Theinnergatewaslocked.Shewasgreatlyexcited.2.與現(xiàn)在分詞作表語的區(qū)別?，F(xiàn)在分詞：主語的特征或性質(zhì)，“令人…”，有主動意思。e.g.Howdisappointingtheelectionis!過去分詞：主語的感受，“感到…”，有被動意思。e.g.Theyfeeldisappointedattheelection.--II.Pastparticiplesused32常見的這類此有：interesting—interested

encouraging—encouraged

delighting—delighted

disappointing—disappointed

pleasing—pleased

puzzling—puzzled

satisfying—satisfied

surprising—surprised

worrying--worried--常見的這類此有：--33Thisriverispolluted.譯：這條河被污染了Thisriverwaspolluted

bythechemicalplant.

譯：這條河是被那家化工廠給污染的?！镞^去分詞作表語和被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別：Thewindowsareclosed.譯：窗戶是關(guān)著的。ThewindowswereclosedbyJack.譯：窗戶是被杰克關(guān)起來的過去分詞作表語，表狀態(tài)，相當(dāng)于一個形容詞；在被動語態(tài)中，過去分詞表動作，常由by引出動作的發(fā)出者。（過去分詞作表語，表狀態(tài)）（過去分詞構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)，表動作）--Thisriverispolluted.★過去分詞作表34III.PastparticipleusedastheObjectComplement(賓語補足語)1.表“希望，要求”的動詞：

want,wish,expect,wish,like,order+(tobe)done表示“希望/要求某人或某事被…”e.g.Iwantthework(tobe)finishedbySunday.Jimorderedtheroom(tobe)cleaned.--III.Pastparticipleusedast352.表“感覺，心理狀態(tài)”的動詞：see,hear,find,feel,think,watch,notice+object(賓語)+p.p.e.g.Wesawthethiefcaughtbythepolice.Peoplefoundthewaterpolluted.HaveyouheardapopsongsunginJapanese?

--2.表“感覺，心理狀態(tài)”的動詞：see,hear,f36過去分詞,不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補的區(qū)別:三者與賓語邏輯上都是主謂關(guān)系，但過去分詞強調(diào)他們之間的被動關(guān)系，不帶to的不定式強調(diào)動作發(fā)生的全過程，doing強調(diào)他們之間的主動關(guān)系，正在進行。Isawhercomeintotheclassroom.Isawhercoming

intotheclassroom.Isawhertakenoutoftheclassroom.--過去分詞,不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補的Isawherc373.使役動詞:make,get,have,keep

,leave,etc.e.g.Wemustgetthetableclothwashed.=Wemustasksomebodytowashthetablecloth.Hehadhiswatchrepaired.

4.在“with/without＋賓語＋賓補(過去分詞)”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，過去分詞與賓語之間是動賓關(guān)系。e.g.Doyouknowthemanwithhishairtiedback?--3.使役動詞:make,get,have,keep38IV.PastparticipleusedastheAdverbial(狀語)過去分詞作狀語相當(dāng)于狀語從句。e.g.1.Askedwhyhedidn’tdoit,hebegantocry.過去分詞作時間狀語相當(dāng)于時間狀語從句(Whenhewas)askedwhyhedidn’tdoit,

hebegantocry.--IV.Pastparticipleusedasth39e.g.2.Givenmoretime,I’llcatchupwithyou.過去分詞作條件狀語相當(dāng)于條件狀語從句(IfIam)givenmoretime,I’llcatchupwithyou.e.g.3.Bornandbroughtupinthevillage,heknowsalotofpeoplethere.過去分詞作原因狀語相當(dāng)于原因狀語從句(Becausehewas)bornandbroughtupinthevillage,heknowsalotofpeoplethere.--e.g.2.Givenmoretime,I’ll40e.g.4.Defeatedmanytimes,theycontinuetofight.過去分詞作讓步狀語相當(dāng)于讓步狀語從句(Althoughtheyhadbeen)defeatedmanytimes,theycontinuedtofight.e.g.5.Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,followedbyagroupofstudents.表示方式和伴隨情況時可以轉(zhuǎn)換為一個并列的謂語成分。Theteacherenteredtheclassroom(andhewasfollowed)byagroupofstudent.--e.g.4.Defeatedmanytimes,t41過去分詞作狀語時,為了使意義更加明確,也可以在pp.前加上對應(yīng)的連詞when,as,if

等等.4.Althoughdefeatedmanytimes,theycontinuetofight.3.As/Becausebornandbroughtupinthevillage,heknowsalotofpeoplethere.2.Ifgivenmoretime,I’llcatchupwithyou.1.Whenaskedwhyhedidn’tdoit,hebegantocry.注意：帶有連詞的過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于一個省略句,省略的部分為主語+be的相應(yīng)變化形式.--過去分詞作狀語時,為了使意義更加明確,也可以在pp.前加上42注意：1）現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作狀語時的區(qū)別_______________London(夜里參觀倫敦)atnight,youareabitlikeinadream.____________(當(dāng)有人夜里來訪)atnight,youmustmakesurethevisitorreallyyourfriend.WhenvisitingWhenvisited選擇現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞，關(guān)鍵看主句的主語。如分詞和主句的主語是主動關(guān)系，分詞就選用現(xiàn)在分詞，反之就用過去分詞。--注意：_______________London(夜里參觀43_____________________________(寫完了所有的信之后)，Ihadadrinkandwentout.Havingfinishedallmyletters___________(信寫完之后)，thelettershouldbereadtotheonewhoasksyoutowriteit.Finished從山頂看，我們能看到一個美麗的公園。

從山頂看，公園很美麗。Seeingfromthetopofthehill,wecanseeabeautifulpark.Seenfromthetopofthehill,theparkisbeautiful.--_____________________________44____inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.(lose)______inwhite,shelooksmorebeautiful.(dress)belostin；bedressedin；

beinterestedin；bedevotedto；

besupposedto；becaughtintherain；

beseatedin；bepreparedfor；

bedeterminedtoLost2.系表結(jié)構(gòu)表示主語所處的狀態(tài)Dressed類似的還有：--____inthought,healmostran45generallyspeakinggivenjudgingfrom/byjudgedbyconsideringsupposingthattalkingofseeing(that)

有些固定用法：一般說來,鑒于,根據(jù)…來看,考慮到,假如,說到,鑒于，由于--generallyspeaking有些固定用法：46習(xí)題：1.Wesawthethief_________(catch)bythepolice.caught

譯：我看見那個小偷被警察抓住了。（過去分詞短語作賓語補足語，表被動。)2.Isawhim_________(geton)thebus.gettingon譯：我看見他正在上車。（現(xiàn)在分詞短語作賓語補足語，表主動。動作正在進行。）3.Iwillhave/getmyhair______(cut)tomorrow.cut

譯：我準(zhǔn)備明天理發(fā)。(過去分詞作賓補，表被動。)--習(xí)題：1.Wesawthethief_________47—I’mverythirsty.—You’dbetterdrinksome___water.A.boilingB.boilC.boiledD.tobeboiled2)TheOlympicGames__in776B.C.lastedforonlyoneday.A.heldB.tobeheldC.holdingD.beingholding3)Theroomsare____,soyoucan’tmovein.A.paintedB.paintingC.beingpaintedD.tobepainted

CAC--—I’mverythirsty.CAC--484)As