選修八第三單元語(yǔ)法grammar課件

ThePastParticple--ThePastParticple--1一、形式

主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式一般式完成式

△

過(guò)去分詞只有一種形式。△現(xiàn)在分詞：beingdonehavingdonedoinghavingbeendone--一、形式

主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式一般式完成式△

過(guò)2二、功能1．作表語(yǔ)2．作定語(yǔ)3．作狀語(yǔ)4．作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)--二、功能1．作表語(yǔ)--3I.Pastparticipleusedasattributes

（定語(yǔ)）

1.位置:單個(gè)分詞位于名詞前，短語(yǔ)則在名詞后,被過(guò)去分詞所修飾的名詞，就是該分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)。

Thestolencarwasfoundbythepolicelastweek.Thespeakeransweredallthequestionsraisedbytheaudience.

--I.Pastparticipleusedasatt42.作用---相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句

（2）Thebook,writtenin1957,tellsthestruggleoftheminers.=Isthereanythingthathasbeenplannedfortonight?（1）Isthereanythingplannedfortonight？=Thebook,whichwaswrittenin1957,tellsthestruggleoftheminers.注：Theproblem（discussedyesterday）

hassomethingtodowithdailylife.Theproblem（beingdiscussednow）

hasnothingtodowithdailylife.

（表示完成）（表示正在進(jìn)行）--2.作用---相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句（2）Thebook,w5

II.Pastparticiplesusedaspredictive（表語(yǔ)）1.過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)，表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)，

其邏輯主語(yǔ)就是句子的主語(yǔ)。Thewindowisbroken.Theinnergatewaslocked.Shewasgreatlyexcited.2.與現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別?，F(xiàn)在分詞：主語(yǔ)的特征或性質(zhì)，“令人…”，有主動(dòng)意思。e.g.Howdisappointingtheelectionis!過(guò)去分詞：主語(yǔ)的感受，“感到…”，有被動(dòng)意思。e.g.Theyfeeldisappointedattheelection.--II.Pastparticiplesused6常見(jiàn)的這類(lèi)此有：interesting—interested

encouraging—encouraged

delighting—delighted

disappointing—disappointed

pleasing—pleased

puzzling—puzzled

satisfying—satisfied

surprising—surprised

worrying--worried--常見(jiàn)的這類(lèi)此有：--7Thisriverispolluted.譯：這條河被污染了Thisriverwaspolluted

bythechemicalplant.

譯：這條河是被那家化工廠給污染的?！镞^(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的區(qū)別：Thewindowsareclosed.譯：窗戶(hù)是關(guān)著的。ThewindowswereclosedbyJack.譯：窗戶(hù)是被杰克關(guān)起來(lái)的過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)，表狀態(tài)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞；在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，過(guò)去分詞表動(dòng)作，常由by引出動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者。（過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)，表狀態(tài)）（過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，表動(dòng)作）--Thisriverispolluted.★過(guò)去分詞作表8III.PastparticipleusedastheObjectComplement(賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))1.表“希望，要求”的動(dòng)詞：

want,wish,expect,wish,like,order+(tobe)done表示“希望/要求某人或某事被…”e.g.Iwantthework(tobe)finishedbySunday.Jimorderedtheroom(tobe)cleaned.--III.Pastparticipleusedast92.表“感覺(jué)，心理狀態(tài)”的動(dòng)詞：see,hear,find,feel,think,watch,notice+object(賓語(yǔ))+p.p.e.g.Wesawthethiefcaughtbythepolice.Peoplefoundthewaterpolluted.HaveyouheardapopsongsunginJapanese?

--2.表“感覺(jué)，心理狀態(tài)”的動(dòng)詞：see,hear,f10過(guò)去分詞,不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別:三者與賓語(yǔ)邏輯上都是主謂關(guān)系，但過(guò)去分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)他們之間的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，不帶to的不定式強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的全過(guò)程，doing強(qiáng)調(diào)他們之間的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，正在進(jìn)行。Isawhercomeintotheclassroom.Isawhercoming

intotheclassroom.Isawhertakenoutoftheclassroom.--過(guò)去分詞,不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)的Isawherc113.使役動(dòng)詞:make,get,have,keep

,leave,etc.e.g.Wemustgetthetableclothwashed.=Wemustasksomebodytowashthetablecloth.Hehadhiswatchrepaired.

4.在“with/without＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓補(bǔ)(過(guò)去分詞)”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，過(guò)去分詞與賓語(yǔ)之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。e.g.Doyouknowthemanwithhishairtiedback?--3.使役動(dòng)詞:make,get,have,keep12IV.PastparticipleusedastheAdverbial(狀語(yǔ))過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于狀語(yǔ)從句。e.g.1.Askedwhyhedidn’tdoit,hebegantocry.過(guò)去分詞作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句(Whenhewas)askedwhyhedidn’tdoit,

hebegantocry.--IV.Pastparticipleusedasth13e.g.2.Givenmoretime,I’llcatchupwithyou.過(guò)去分詞作條件狀語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于條件狀語(yǔ)從句(IfIam)givenmoretime,I’llcatchupwithyou.e.g.3.Bornandbroughtupinthevillage,heknowsalotofpeoplethere.過(guò)去分詞作原因狀語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于原因狀語(yǔ)從句(Becausehewas)bornandbroughtupinthevillage,heknowsalotofpeoplethere.--e.g.2.Givenmoretime,I’ll14e.g.4.Defeatedmanytimes,theycontinuetofight.過(guò)去分詞作讓步狀語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于讓步狀語(yǔ)從句(Althoughtheyhadbeen)defeatedmanytimes,theycontinuedtofight.e.g.5.Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,followedbyagroupofstudents.表示方式和伴隨情況時(shí)可以轉(zhuǎn)換為一個(gè)并列的謂語(yǔ)成分。Theteacherenteredtheclassroom(andhewasfollowed)byagroupofstudent.--e.g.4.Defeatedmanytimes,t15過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),為了使意義更加明確,也可以在pp.前加上對(duì)應(yīng)的連詞when,as,if

等等.4.Althoughdefeatedmanytimes,theycontinuetofight.3.As/Becausebornandbroughtupinthevillage,heknowsalotofpeoplethere.2.Ifgivenmoretime,I’llcatchupwithyou.1.Whenaskedwhyhedidn’tdoit,hebegantocry.注意：帶有連詞的過(guò)去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)省略句,省略的部分為主語(yǔ)+be的相應(yīng)變化形式.--過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),為了使意義更加明確,也可以在pp.前加上16注意：1）現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別_______________London(夜里參觀倫敦)atnight,youareabitlikeinadream.____________(當(dāng)有人夜里來(lái)訪)atnight,youmustmakesurethevisitorreallyyourfriend.WhenvisitingWhenvisited選擇現(xiàn)在分詞還是過(guò)去分詞，關(guān)鍵看主句的主語(yǔ)。如分詞和主句的主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，分詞就選用現(xiàn)在分詞，反之就用過(guò)去分詞。--注意：_______________London(夜里參觀17_____________________________(寫(xiě)完了所有的信之后)，Ihadadrinkandwentout.Havingfinishedallmyletters___________(信寫(xiě)完之后)，thelettershouldbereadtotheonewhoasksyoutowriteit.Finished從山頂看，我們能看到一個(gè)美麗的公園。

從山頂看，公園很美麗。Seeingfromthetopofthehill,wecanseeabeautifulpark.Seenfromthetopofthehill,theparkisbeautiful.--_____________________________18____inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.(lose)______inwhite,shelooksmorebeautiful.(dress)belostin；bedressedin；

beinterestedin；bedevotedto；

besupposedto；becaughtintherain；

beseatedin；bepreparedfor；

bedeterminedtoLost2.系表結(jié)構(gòu)表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)Dressed類(lèi)似的還有：--____inthought,healmostran19generallyspeakinggivenjudgingfrom/byjudgedbyconsideringsupposingthattalkingofseeing(that)

有些固定用法：一般說(shuō)來(lái),鑒于,根據(jù)…來(lái)看,考慮到,假如,說(shuō)到,鑒于，由于--generallyspeaking有些固定用法：20習(xí)題：1.Wesawthethief_________(catch)bythepolice.caught

譯：我看見(jiàn)那個(gè)小偷被警察抓住了。（過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，表被動(dòng)。)2.Isawhim_________(geton)thebus.gettingon譯：我看見(jiàn)他正在上車(chē)。（現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，表主動(dòng)。動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。）3.Iwillhave/getmyhair______(cut)tomorrow.cut

譯：我準(zhǔn)備明天理發(fā)。(過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)，表被動(dòng)。)--習(xí)題：1.Wesawthethief_________21—I’mverythirsty.—You’dbetterdrinksome___water.A.boilingB.boilC.boiledD.tobeboiled2)TheOlympicGames__in776B.C.lastedforonlyoneday.A.heldB.tobeheldC.holdingD.beingholding3)Theroomsare____,soyoucan’tmovein.A.paintedB.paintingC.beingpaintedD.tobepainted

CAC--—I’mverythirsty.CAC--224)Assoonasheenteredthecity,he____.A.waslosingB.gotlosingC.lostD.gotlost5)Whathehasdoneisreally____.Nowhisparentsare_____him.A.disappointing;disappointedatB.disappointing;disappointedaboutC.disappointing;disappointedwithD.disappointed;disappointingby(e.g.gethurtgetexcited

getpleased)CD--(e.g.gethurtge236)._____areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.A.Notreceiving B.ReceivingnotC.Nothavingreceived D.HavingnotreceivedC7).

____inhernewskirt,shetriedtomakeherself____attheparty.A.Dressed;noticedB.Dressing;noticedC.Dressed;noticingD.Dressing;beingnoticing9).____betterattention,thevegetablescouldhavegrownbetterA.GivingB.GivenC.GiveD.TogiveB(he和receive是主謂關(guān)系，且receive先于decide之前發(fā)生。)A--6)._____areply,hedecidedt2410).Unless___tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.A.invitedB.invitingC.beinginvitedD.havinginvitedA11).____byhisteachers,hehasmadegreatprogressinhislesson.A.HelpingB.TohelpC.HelpD.HelpedD12).____histelephonenumber,shehadsomedifficultygettingintouchwithBill.KnowingnotB.NotknownC.NotknowingD.NotknowC--10).Unless___tospeak,you2513).___,thelittleboyislivingahappylife.TakinggoodcareB.TakengoodcareC.HavingtakengoodcareD.TakengoodcareofD--13).___,thelittleboyisli26ThePastParticple--ThePastParticple--27一、形式

主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式一般式完成式

△

過(guò)去分詞只有一種形式。△現(xiàn)在分詞：beingdonehavingdonedoinghavingbeendone--一、形式

主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式一般式完成式△

過(guò)28二、功能1．作表語(yǔ)2．作定語(yǔ)3．作狀語(yǔ)4．作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)--二、功能1．作表語(yǔ)--29I.Pastparticipleusedasattributes

（定語(yǔ)）

1.位置:單個(gè)分詞位于名詞前，短語(yǔ)則在名詞后,被過(guò)去分詞所修飾的名詞，就是該分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)。

Thestolencarwasfoundbythepolicelastweek.Thespeakeransweredallthequestionsraisedbytheaudience.

--I.Pastparticipleusedasatt302.作用---相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句

（2）Thebook,writtenin1957,tellsthestruggleoftheminers.=Isthereanythingthathasbeenplannedfortonight?（1）Isthereanythingplannedfortonight？=Thebook,whichwaswrittenin1957,tellsthestruggleoftheminers.注：Theproblem（discussedyesterday）

hassomethingtodowithdailylife.Theproblem（beingdiscussednow）

hasnothingtodowithdailylife.

（表示完成）（表示正在進(jìn)行）--2.作用---相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句（2）Thebook,w31

II.Pastparticiplesusedaspredictive（表語(yǔ)）1.過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)，表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)，

其邏輯主語(yǔ)就是句子的主語(yǔ)。Thewindowisbroken.Theinnergatewaslocked.Shewasgreatlyexcited.2.與現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別?，F(xiàn)在分詞：主語(yǔ)的特征或性質(zhì)，“令人…”，有主動(dòng)意思。e.g.Howdisappointingtheelectionis!過(guò)去分詞：主語(yǔ)的感受，“感到…”，有被動(dòng)意思。e.g.Theyfeeldisappointedattheelection.--II.Pastparticiplesused32常見(jiàn)的這類(lèi)此有：interesting—interested

encouraging—encouraged

delighting—delighted

disappointing—disappointed

pleasing—pleased

puzzling—puzzled

satisfying—satisfied

surprising—surprised

worrying--worried--常見(jiàn)的這類(lèi)此有：--33Thisriverispolluted.譯：這條河被污染了Thisriverwaspolluted

bythechemicalplant.

譯：這條河是被那家化工廠給污染的?！镞^(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的區(qū)別：Thewindowsareclosed.譯：窗戶(hù)是關(guān)著的。ThewindowswereclosedbyJack.譯：窗戶(hù)是被杰克關(guān)起來(lái)的過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)，表狀態(tài)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞；在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，過(guò)去分詞表動(dòng)作，常由by引出動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者。（過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)，表狀態(tài)）（過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，表動(dòng)作）--Thisriverispolluted.★過(guò)去分詞作表34III.PastparticipleusedastheObjectComplement(賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))1.表“希望，要求”的動(dòng)詞：

want,wish,expect,wish,like,order+(tobe)done表示“希望/要求某人或某事被…”e.g.Iwantthework(tobe)finishedbySunday.Jimorderedtheroom(tobe)cleaned.--III.Pastparticipleusedast352.表“感覺(jué)，心理狀態(tài)”的動(dòng)詞：see,hear,find,feel,think,watch,notice+object(賓語(yǔ))+p.p.e.g.Wesawthethiefcaughtbythepolice.Peoplefoundthewaterpolluted.HaveyouheardapopsongsunginJapanese?

--2.表“感覺(jué)，心理狀態(tài)”的動(dòng)詞：see,hear,f36過(guò)去分詞,不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別:三者與賓語(yǔ)邏輯上都是主謂關(guān)系，但過(guò)去分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)他們之間的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，不帶to的不定式強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的全過(guò)程，doing強(qiáng)調(diào)他們之間的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，正在進(jìn)行。Isawhercomeintotheclassroom.Isawhercoming

intotheclassroom.Isawhertakenoutoftheclassroom.--過(guò)去分詞,不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)的Isawherc373.使役動(dòng)詞:make,get,have,keep

,leave,etc.e.g.Wemustgetthetableclothwashed.=Wemustasksomebodytowashthetablecloth.Hehadhiswatchrepaired.

4.在“with/without＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓補(bǔ)(過(guò)去分詞)”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，過(guò)去分詞與賓語(yǔ)之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。e.g.Doyouknowthemanwithhishairtiedback?--3.使役動(dòng)詞:make,get,have,keep38IV.PastparticipleusedastheAdverbial(狀語(yǔ))過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于狀語(yǔ)從句。e.g.1.Askedwhyhedidn’tdoit,hebegantocry.過(guò)去分詞作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句(Whenhewas)askedwhyhedidn’tdoit,

hebegantocry.--IV.Pastparticipleusedasth39e.g.2.Givenmoretime,I’llcatchupwithyou.過(guò)去分詞作條件狀語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于條件狀語(yǔ)從句(IfIam)givenmoretime,I’llcatchupwithyou.e.g.3.Bornandbroughtupinthevillage,heknowsalotofpeoplethere.過(guò)去分詞作原因狀語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于原因狀語(yǔ)從句(Becausehewas)bornandbroughtupinthevillage,heknowsalotofpeoplethere.--e.g.2.Givenmoretime,I’ll40e.g.4.Defeatedmanytimes,theycontinuetofight.過(guò)去分詞作讓步狀語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于讓步狀語(yǔ)從句(Althoughtheyhadbeen)defeatedmanytimes,theycontinuedtofight.e.g.5.Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,followedbyagroupofstudents.表示方式和伴隨情況時(shí)可以轉(zhuǎn)換為一個(gè)并列的謂語(yǔ)成分。Theteacherenteredtheclassroom(andhewasfollowed)byagroupofstudent.--e.g.4.Defeatedmanytimes,t41過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),為了使意義更加明確,也可以在pp.前加上對(duì)應(yīng)的連詞when,as,if

等等.4.Althoughdefeatedmanytimes,theycontinuetofight.3.As/Becausebornandbroughtupinthevillage,heknowsalotofpeoplethere.2.Ifgivenmoretime,I’llcatchupwithyou.1.Whenaskedwhyhedidn’tdoit,hebegantocry.注意：帶有連詞的過(guò)去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)省略句,省略的部分為主語(yǔ)+be的相應(yīng)變化形式.--過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),為了使意義更加明確,也可以在pp.前加上42注意：1）現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別_______________London(夜里參觀倫敦)atnight,youareabitlikeinadream.____________(當(dāng)有人夜里來(lái)訪)atnight,youmustmakesurethevisitorreallyyourfriend.WhenvisitingWhenvisited選擇現(xiàn)在分詞還是過(guò)去分詞，關(guān)鍵看主句的主語(yǔ)。如分詞和主句的主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，分詞就選用現(xiàn)在分詞，反之就用過(guò)去分詞。--注意：_______________London(夜里參觀43_____________________________(寫(xiě)完了所有的信之后)，Ihadadrinkandwentout.Havingfinishedallmyletters___________(信寫(xiě)完之后)，thelettershouldbereadtotheonewhoasksyoutowriteit.Finished從山頂看，我們能看到一個(gè)美麗的公園。

從山頂看，公園很美麗。Seeingfromthetopofthehill,wecanseeabeautifulpark.Seenfromthetopofthehill,theparkisbeautiful.--_____________________________44____inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.(lose)______inwhite,shelooksmorebeautiful.(dress)belostin；bedressedin；

beinterestedin；bedevotedto；

besupposedto；becaughtintherain；

beseatedin；bepreparedfor；

bedeterminedtoLost2.系表結(jié)構(gòu)表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)Dressed類(lèi)似的還有：--____inthought,healmostran45generallyspeakinggivenjudgingfrom/byjudgedbyconsideringsupposingthattalkingofseeing(that)

有些固定用法：一般說(shuō)來(lái),鑒于,根據(jù)…來(lái)看,考慮到,假如,說(shuō)到,鑒于，由于--generallyspeaking有些固定用法：46習(xí)題：1.Wesawthethief_________(catch)bythepolice.caught

譯：我看見(jiàn)那個(gè)小偷被警察抓住了。（過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，表被動(dòng)。)2.Isawhim_________(geton)thebus.gettingon譯：我看見(jiàn)他正在上車(chē)。（現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，表主動(dòng)。動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。）3.Iwillhave/getmyhair______(cut)tomorrow.cut

譯：我準(zhǔn)備明天理發(fā)。(過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)，表被動(dòng)。)--習(xí)題：1.Wesawthethief_________47—I’mverythirsty.—You’dbetterdrinksome___water.A.boilingB.boilC.boiledD.tobeboiled2)TheOlympicGames__in776B.C.lastedforonlyoneday.A.heldB.tobeheldC.holdingD.beingholding3)Theroomsare____,soyoucan’tmovein.A.paintedB.paintingC.beingpaintedD.tobepainted

CAC--—I’mverythirsty.CAC--484)As