英國文學(xué)雪萊shelley 課件

PercyByssheShelley

(1792--1822)·BriefIntroductionofShelley·MajorWorksofShelley·FeaturesofShelley’sPoetry·OdetotheWestWindPercyByssheShelleyBriefIntroductionofShelleyPercyByssheShelley(August4,1792–July8,1822),isoneofthemajorEnglishRomanticpoetsandiswidelyconsideredtobeamongthefinestlyricpoetsoftheEnglishlanguage.ShelleyrebelledagainstEnglishpoliticsandconservativevalues〔保守的價值觀〕，andheisaPlatonist(柏拉圖主義者)andidealist(理想主義者)，hisworksreflectedtheradicalideasandrevolutionaryoptimismoftheera.PercyByssheShelleywasborninanaristocraticfamily.ShelleyattendedSyonHouseAcademy〔錫恩豪斯學(xué)院〕andEton〔伊頓大學(xué)〕.In1810heenteredtheOxfordUniversity.In1811ShelleywasexpelledfromtheOxforduniversityforpublishingTheNecessityOfAtheism〔?無神論的必然?〕whichhewrotewithThomasJeffersonHogg.Attheageofnineteen,ShelleyelopedwithHarrietWestbrook.ThepairspentthefollowingtwoyearstravelinginEnglandandIreland,distributingpamphletsandspeakingagainstpoliticalinjustice.In1813Shelleypublishedhisfirstimportantpoem,theatheisticQueenMab〔?麥布女王?〕.

In1814ShelleywasforcedtotravelledtoItalyandSwitzerlandandknewByron.In1816ShelleyspentthesummerwithLordByronatLakeGeneva.ShelleycomposedtheHymnToIntellectualBeauty〔?智慧的贊美詩?〕andMontBlanc〔?勃朗峰?〕.In1816HarrietdrownedherselfintheSerpentine.Thepoet’smarriagetoHarrietwasafailure.DuringhisfirstmarriagehefellinlovewithMaryGodwin,theauthorofFrankenstein,andelopedwithhertotheEuropeanContinent.TheygotmarriedafewweeksafterHarriet’sbodywasfound.In1817hesettledonItaly,wherehecreatedalotofworks,TheRevoltofIslam(?伊斯蘭起義?)。In1818hisanthologizedOzymandias〔?奧斯曼迭斯?〕wasappeared,includinghispopularpoems,theOdesToheWestWind〔?西風(fēng)頌?〕andToaSkylark〔?致云雀?〕andAdonais〔?阿多尼斯?〕,AnElegyforKeats(?濟(jì)慈挽歌?).

In1819,ShelleywenttoRomeandin1820toPisa，hisworksincludedJulian(?欽契一家?)andPrometheusUnbound(?解放的普羅米修斯?).On8July1822,lessthanamonthbeforehis30thbirthday,ShelleydrownedinasuddenstormwhilesailingbackfromLivornotoLerici.Hisbodywasburnedonthebeach,andhisasheswereplacedintheProtestantcemeteryatRome,nearthegravewhere,afewmonthsbefore,Keatshadbeenlaid.Poems:TheIrishman’sSong（愛爾蘭人之歌，1809）QueenMab（麥布女王,1813）OnAFadedViolet（一朵枯萎的紫羅蘭，1818）TheRevoltofIslam（伊斯蘭的反叛，1818）

OdeToTheWestWind(西風(fēng)頌，1819)

Music,WhenSoftVoicesDie（輕柔的聲音寂滅后，1821）Adonais（阿多尼，1821）Ozimandias（奧西曼迪斯，1817）MajorWorksofShelleyToASkylark〔致云雀，1820〕Dramas:PrometheusUnbound〔解放的普羅米修斯，1819〕four-actlyricaldrama

TheCenci〔倩契，1819〕versedrama,tragedy,infiveacts五幕悲劇OedipusTyrannous〔暴虐的俄狄浦斯，1820〕Ozimandias奧西曼迪斯Thecentralthemeof"Ozymandias"istheinevitabledeclineofallleaders,andoftheempirestheybuild,howevermightyintheirowntime.The‘YoungerMemnon’Statueof

RamessesⅡ〔拉美西斯二世，古埃及第十九王朝法老〕intheBritishMuseumthoughttohaveinspiredthepoem.Theme:asonnet,frequentlyanthologizedandisprobablyShelly'smostfamousshortpoem

ToASkylark致云雀Theme:NaturalBeautyFreedomUnnoticedandunappreciatedpoetryItwasinspiredbyaneveningwalkinthecountrynear

Livorno,Italy,with

MaryShelly,anddescribestheappearanceandsongofa

skylarktheycomeupon.Higherstillandhigher，F(xiàn)romtheearththouspringest，Likeacloudoffire；Thebluedeepthouwingest，Andsingingstilldostsoar,andsoaringeversingest。向上，再向高處飛翔，從地面你一躍而上，像一片烈火的青云，掠過蔚藍(lán)的天心，永遠(yuǎn)歌唱著飛翔，飛翔著歌唱。PrometheusUnbound

isafour-actlyricaldrama

firstpublishedin1820,concernedwiththetormentsoftheGreekmythological

figure

Prometheus

andhissufferingatthehandsof

Zeus.Itisinspiredbytheclassical

Prometheia,atrilogy〔三部曲〕ofplaysattributedto

Aeschylus

inAntiquity.Shelley‘splayconcernsPrometheus’releasefrom,captivity〔囚禁〕butunlikeAeschylus'version,thereisnoreconciliationbetweenPrometheusand

Zeus.Instead,Jupiter(Zeus)isoverthrown,whichallowsPrometheustobereleased.Inthetraditionof

Romanticpoetry,Shelleywrotefortheimagination,intendinghisplay'sstagetoresideintheimaginationsofhisreaders.However,theplayisfilledwithsuspense,mysteryandotherdramaticeffects.PrometheusUnbound〔解放的普羅米修斯，1820〕TheTwoDistinctMoodsofShelley’sPoetryHeistheviolentreformer,seekingtheoverthrowofconventionalinstitutionsandtheestablishmentofuniversalhappiness.QueenMab,PrometheusUnboundHeislikeawanderer,followingavague,beautifulvision,foreversadandforeverunsatisfied,alwayspursuinganideal,hopingforsomethingbetterthatistocome.OdetotheWestWind,ToaSkylark●Richinmyth,symbolsandclassicalallusions,especiallyindescribingfire,air,water,windandearth;●Strongdramaticpowerasshownintherapidityofhislines;●Styleaboundsinpersonificationandmetaphorandotherfiguresofspeech.FeaturesofShelley’sPoetryOwildWestWind,thoubreathofAutumn'sbeing哦，狂暴的西風(fēng)，秋之生命的呼吸！Thoufromwhoseunseenpresencetheleavesdead你無形，但枯死的落葉被你橫掃，Aredrivenlikeghostsfromanenchanterfleeing,有如鬼魅碰到了巫師，紛紛逃避：Yellow,andblack,andpale,andhecticred,黃的，黑的，灰的，紅得像患肺癆，Pestilence-strickenmultitudes:

OThou呵，重染疫癘的一群：西風(fēng)呵，是你Who,chariotesttotheirdarkwintrybed以車駕把有翼的種子催送到OdetotheWestWindThewingedseeds,wheretheyliecoldandlow,黑暗的冬床上，它們就躺在那里，Eachlikeacorpsewithinitsgrave,until像是墓中的死穴，冰冷，深藏，低賤，ThineazuresisteroftheSpringshallblow直等到春天，你碧空的姊妹吹起Herclariono'erthedreamingearth,andfill她的喇叭，在沉睡的大地上響遍，(Drivingsweetbudslikeflockstofeedinair)(喚出嫩芽，像羊群一樣，覓食空中)Withlivinghuesandodoursplainandhill;將色和香充滿了山峰和平原。

WildSpirit,whichartmovingeverywhere;不羈的精靈呵，你無處不遠(yuǎn)行；Destroyerandpreserver;hear,Ohear!破壞者兼保護(hù)者：聽吧，你且聆聽！Thouonwhosestream,'midthesteepsky'scommotion,沒入你的急流，當(dāng)高空一片混亂，Loosecloudslikeearth'sdecayingleavesareshed,流云象大地的枯葉一樣被撕扯Shookfromthetangledboughsofheavenandocean,脫離天空和海洋的糾纏的枝干。

Angelsofrainandlightning!therearespread成為雨和電的使者：它們飄落Onthebluesurfaceofthineairysurge,在你的磅礴之氣的蔚藍(lán)的波面，Likethebrighthairupliftedfromthehead有如狂女的飄揚(yáng)的頭發(fā)在閃爍，OfsomefierceMaenad,evenfromthedimverge從天穹的最遙遠(yuǎn)而模糊的邊沿Ofthehorizontothezenith'sheight,直抵九霄的中天，到處都在搖曳Thelocksoftheapproachingstorm.Thoudirge欲來雷雨的卷發(fā)，對瀕死的一年

Ofthedyingyear,towhichthisclosingnight你唱出了葬歌，而這密集的黑夜Willbethedomeofavastsepulchre,將成為它廣大墓陵的一座圓頂，Vaultedwithallthycongregatedmight里面正有你的萬鈞之力的凝結(jié)；

Ofvapours,fromwhosesolidatmosphere那是你的渾然之氣，從它會迸涌Blackrain,andfire,andhail,willburst:Ohear!黑色的雨，冰雹和火焰：哦，你聽！BackgroundofthePoem

Thepoemwascomposedin1819whenEuropeanlabormovementandtherevolutionarymovementsurged.Tofightfortheirright,Britishworkingclassbegantostrugglewiththebourgeoisie.AtAugustofthatyear,80,000workersinManchesterheldamassivedemonstration.Ofcourse,thereactionaryauthoritieshaddispatchedtroopstosuppress.Thatwaswell-knownastheBideileiMassacre.ShelleywasinfavorofBritishrevolution,sohewasexpelledfromtheUnitedKingdom.ThemeofthePoemOdetotheWestWindisthemostrepresentativeofShelley’sfeelingsandthoughtsatthattime.Itisamixtureofdeathandrebirth.Inthefirstthreestanzas,thedynamicforceofthewestwindismanifestedinitspowerontheland,intheair,andintheseaindifferentseasons.Itisboththedestroyerandpreserver.Itwilldestroytheoldworldandherald〔宣告〕inanewone.InthefourthstanzaShelleywishesthathewerealeaf,acloud,andawave,sothathecouldfeelthepowerofthewestwind;butheis